观花型梅花品种的开花结实特性

主要探讨南京中山陵园梅花山观花型梅花(俗称花梅)开花结实的特性,通过对花梅花器构造的观察,花粉量的观测,花粉发芽率的试验以及花梅自然着果率和果实特性的调查,从被研究的24个花梅品种中选出既观花又观果且观赏性极高的品种,为扩繁这部分花梅和提高南京梅花山花梅的整体观赏价值提供参考。       

花梅开花结实特性初探

主要探讨花梅开花结实的特性 ,通过对花梅花器的观察 ,花粉量的调查 ,花粉发芽率的试验以及花梅自然着果率、果实特性的调查分析 ,从被研究的 4 2个花梅品种中筛选出既可观花又可观果的具备极高观赏性能的品种。     

浅谈梅花的栽培管理与病虫害防治

梅花(prunus mume)属蔷薇科李属,原产我国西南山区,有三千多年的栽培历史,因其清丽脱俗的外形和傲寒挺立的风骨而被誉为花中君子,名列十大名花之首。我国的梅花品种极为丰富,现有300多个品种,按进化与关键性状可分为真梅系、杏梅系、樱李梅系,按用途不同分为果梅和花梅两大系统,果梅花多为单瓣,花后结果,花梅供欣赏,主要品种有绿     

蜡梅实非梅

“万花敢向雪中去,一树独先天下春”。梅是最早把春的信息透露给人们的植物。梅花,又名梅、春梅、红梅,蔷薇科李属,落叶乔木。梅花品种很多,主要分为果梅和花梅两大     

云南梅子甲天下

云南梅子甲天下王锡全云南是我国果梅和花梅的天然分布中心区，也是梅的自然变异中心。长期以来，梅成了云南人民传统的佳果和名花，它在云南人民的生活、文化艺术、风俗习惯、民族感情中，享有独特的地位。从古至今，在云南爱梅、画梅、赏梅、咏梅之风十分盛行。云南各族...     

梅花炭疽病的研究

1990～1992年,作者对梅花炭疽病(Colletotrichum mume Hori)进行了病菌分离、接种及其生物学特性测定、发病规律观察和药剂筛选试验,结果表明,此病菌不论进行有伤接种或无伤接种均能致病,该病菌生长的最适温度为23～25℃,最适pH值为6.5,分生孢子萌发的最适温度为22～25℃,高于35℃或低于10℃时不能萌发。病菌以分生孢子和菌丝状态在叶片和嫩梢的病斑内越冬,病菌和初次侵染为4月中旬,病害发生期为4～9月,每年有2～3个发病高峰期;病害的发生与温度、湿度、降雨量和雨日有关,雨量大、雨日长发病重;受害程度与品种有关,一般花梅比果梅严重。药剂试验表明,百菌清、代森锰锌、三唑酮各1000倍液,对该病菌有明显的抑菌效果,抑菌率在90%以上。     

浙江悬钩子属植物新变型及新记录

报道了浙江悬钩子属(Rubus Linn)植物4个变型,其中重瓣蓬蘽(R.hirsutus Thunb.form plenus Z.H.Chen,G.Y.Li et M.H.Mao)和宁波三花莓(R.trianthus Focke form.pleiopetalus Z.H.Chen,G.Y.Li et D.D.Ma)为新变型,多瓣蓬蘽R.hirsutus Thunb.form harai(Makino)Ohwi)为中国分布新记录,重瓣山莓(R.corchorifolius Linn.f.form semiplenus Z.X.Yu)为浙江分布新记录。     

大叶伞组织培养技术研究

以大叶伞嫩芽、幼叶、叶柄、茎段为外植体,研究其组织培养技术体系。结果表明,嫩芽为最佳外植体,诱导培养基为MS BA1.0mg.L-1 NAA 0.5mg.L-1,殖培培养基为MS BA 1.0mg.L-1 NAA 0.5 mg.L-1 B90.1 mg.L-1,生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.2 mg.L-1。     

龙芽葱木的组织培养及快速繁殖的研究

以龙芽葱木的芽为外植体进行组织培养试验,经试验对比筛选出龙芽葱木的外植体适宜诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg.L-1+NAA 0.1 mg.L-1+Vc 30 mg.L-1,继代茎芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1+ZT 0.1 mg.L-1+Vc50 mg.L-1,生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg.L-1,以蛭石+森林腐殖土(1∶1)为培养基质移栽效果好。     

榔榆无性系苗期测定与评价

在优选的20个榔榆实生单株上采集接穗,嫁接在榔榆砧木上,对其苗期生长性状进行测定分析。结果表明,无性系间苗高和地径差异均达极显著水平,具有较丰富的遗传变异。各无性系苗高平均值为1. 78 m,变幅为1. 2—3. 0 m;地径平均值为1. 47 cm,变幅为1. 0—2. 4 cm。无性系苗高重复力为0. 388,地径重复力为0. 319。采用布雷金多性状综合评定法对榔榆苗高和地径加权评定,选出优等无性系5个。结合遗传增益估算选出JN-02和JD-08具有速生潜力,苗高遗传增益分别为7. 12%和6. 39%,地径遗传增益为5. 71%和4. 70%,可为后续榔榆无性系造林试验提供材料。     

不同植物生长调节剂对美人梅硬枝扦插生根的影响

不同组合和质量浓度植物生长调节剂处理美人梅硬枝插穗试验结果表明：（1）不同植物生长调节剂及质量浓度促根效果不同：NAA、IAA和IBA都表现出低质量浓度促进生根,高质量浓度抑制生根的现象;同时低质量浓度的生长调节剂能使愈伤组织形成提前10～20 d,从而促进提前生根。NAA250 mg/L（浸泡30 min）处理调节生根率最好,其次是IAA500 mg/L（浸泡30 min）的处理,分别达56.67%,54.44%;在对平均单株生根数量上却以IAA500mg/L（浸泡30 min）处理效果最好,平均达11.48条。（2）NAA 250 mg/L不同浸泡时间对美人梅扦插生根效果不同：在供试质量浓度范围内,随着处理时间的增加,生根率、单株平均生根数量均增加,以NAA250 mg/L处理60 min促进生根效果最好,平均生根率达71.11%,平均生根数达10.68条。     

不同类型生根剂对梅花砧木扦插繁殖影响研究

以青梅当年生枝条为试材,用几种不同类型的生根荆对梅花砧木扦插繁殖进行比较试验。结果表明：采用专用生根刑砧木扦插成活率比920结晶粉及清水明显要高,且成苗质量好。在试验中最佳处理苗木成活率比对照高37.9％,苗木质量比对照高20．8％。在试验中有的处理比对照的成苗率还低,如B3、D3处理分别比对照成活率低905％、906％,表明生根利的不同浓度对其砧木扦插繁殖影响较大。     

不同核桃品种花粉生活力的比较研究

用TTC染色法和培养基法测定了香玲、上宋、中林1号、岱香4个核桃品种花粉生活力和萌发率。结果表明,核桃不同品种花粉生活力存在显著差异,岱香和上宋花粉生活力极显著高于香玲,显著高于中林1号;各品种花粉发芽率在同一种培养基上,以岱香最高,其次是上宋和中林1号,香玲最低;4个品种均以在低糖、高硼酸培养基中即“5%蔗糖 0.5%硼酸”上花粉发芽率最高,显著或极显著高于其他培养基上的发芽率;在“10%蔗糖 0.5%硼酸”和“15%蔗糖 0.5%硼酸”培养基上花粉发芽率均为0。     

青梅扦插育苗试验

以嫁接后进入盛产期的青梅当年生枝条为材料，应用正交设计和随机区组设置进行扦插试验。结果表明：扦插时间是影响插穗成活、生根的最主要因素，其次是插穗源在枝条的段位，以11月份使用当年生枝条中段为插穗的组合效果好。此组合与不同浓度的ABT生根粉处理16h后扦插，结果以100mg/L浓度的效果最佳，平均成活率达到81．25％。     

Maturation, topophysis and other factors in relation to rooting in Larix

We examined effects of mist quantity, topophysis (origin of cutting in the crown of 6-year-old trees), maturation state of the donor stock, and time of sticking on rooting and root system quality of cuttings representing five full-sib hybrid larch families obtained with Larix decidua Mill., L. laricina (du Roi) K. Koch, and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Sarg. (Sieb. and Zucc.) Gord., as parents. Mist frequency, supplemental watering and family all had highly significant effects on percentage of cuttings rooting and root system quality. The high-frequency misting regime yielded both higher rooting percentages and higher quality root systems than the low-frequency regime without supplemental watering. Supplemental watering of the rooting medium in the low-frequency misting regime increased both percent rooting and root system quality to values comparable with those obtained by cuttings in the high-frequency misting regime. Rooting of cuttings from the top, middle and bottom whorls of 5-year-old plantation grown trees tended to decline with increasing height for three of the five families. Overall, height of cutting origin did not significantly affect rooting, but when analyzed separately, two families exhibited a significant decline in rooting toward the top of the trees. Age of donor ortet (ranging from 1 to 7 years) significantly affected both percent rooting and root system quality. Rooting percentages declined linearly with age, and root system quality declined more sharply than percent rooting. The relatively poor root system quality of cuttings from ortets older than 1 year was closely associated with plagiotropic growth. Softwood cuttings (stuck in mid-July) rooted better than hardwood cuttings (stuck in early September) across all families.     

4个楸树品种组培快繁能力的比较研究

【目的】为探索出不同基因型楸树离体培养条件的差异,并分别建立相应的快繁技术体系,以期为今后楸树良种产业化生产和繁育提供理论借鉴和科学依据。【方法】以‘洛楸1号’‘朝霞楸’‘云朵楸’和‘鲁楸1号’4个楸树优良品种为试材,研究植物生长调节剂对诱导、增殖及生根培养的影响,并对4个品种的植株再生能力进行了比较。【结果】4个楸树品种对培养基所用的外源激素的要求不同,诱导阶段:6-BA质量浓度为1.0 mg/L时,‘洛楸1号’和‘鲁楸1号’的诱导率可达100%;6-BA质量浓度为2.0 mg/L时,‘朝霞楸’和‘云朵楸’的诱导率最高,依次为100%,81.82%。增殖阶段:同一增殖处理对楸树4个品种的增殖效果不同,1.0 mg/L 6-BA最适于‘洛楸1号’增殖,增殖系数为4.70;1.5 mg/L 6-BA最适于‘云朵楸’和‘鲁楸1号’增殖,增殖系数依次为3.38、5.68;6-BA 3.0 mg/L最适宜‘朝霞楸’增殖,增殖系数为5.49。生根阶段:相同质量浓度的NAA比IBA能更好地促进楸树4个品种生根,0.1 mg/L NAA最适合‘朝霞楸’生根,生根率为97.50%;0.2 mg/L NAA最适合‘云朵楸’和‘鲁楸1号’生根,生根率依次为76.67%、93.33%;0.4 mg/L NAA最适合‘洛楸1号’生根,生根率为96.97%。【结论】4个楸树品种在组织培养阶段对培养基所用的外源激素的要求不同,繁殖能力存在差异,应针对品种建立相应的快繁技术体系。     

Effects of cutting types and hormonal concentration on vegetative propagation of Zanthoxylum armatum in Garhwal Himalaya,India

Experiments were carried out to define the effects of hormonal concentrations on semi-hard wood(SHW) and hard-wood(HW) branch cuttings of the Z.armatum. SHW and HW cuttings were collected in the month of March. The SHW and HW cuttings were treated with different concentration of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid(IAA and IBA) and placed in vermiculite rooting medium for 90 days under 1-min misting after 10 min. Sprouting, rooting percentage, sprout number, sprout length, root number, and length were measured.The highest rooting and sprouting rate, 64.0 %, was obtained at the 0.3 % IBA treatment in the SHW cuttings.Similarly sprout length and number of roots per cutting were also higher at the 0.3 % IBA treatment in the SHW cuttings. The number of shoots per cutting was higher at the 0.3 % IAA treatment in the SHW cuttings. Root length per cutting was higher in 0.4 % IBA treatment in the SHW cuttings. The results indicated that 0.3 and 0.4 % IBA treatment produce higher rooting percentages as well as the number of roots and their length in SHW cuttings. The HW cuttings produced maximum rate of 18.0 % rooting in0.5 % IBA treatment. The control set and lower concentrations of IBA and IAA completely failed to root in the mist chamber.     

Parameters affecting shoot production and rooting of cuttings from lodgepole pine hedges

By propagating lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) cuttings in vivo, we obtained after 7 growing cycles (ca 3.5 years) in a greenhouse, sufficient number of cuttings from most families to establish clonal progeny tests. Twenty-one full-sib families with approximately 20 clones per family were studied for five years. Years when cuttings were set, families within latitude and clones within families differed significantly in rooting percentages, with the variance components 4.2%, 8.2% and 9.5%, respectively. One way to get a frequent and uniform rooting is to take cuttings from non-leading shoots since they have higher rooting percentage than leading shoots. Neither total length of the cuttings nor length of the primary needles were significantly correlated to rooting percentage. With appropriate management of the ortets and the cuttings during rooting, most clones could be included in a cutting propagation program.     

南京梅国际登录介绍

在介绍我国梅花品种国际登录现状与意义的基础上,对南京梅品种登录研究工作的情况与贡献进行了简要全面的总结,并对今后南京梅品种国际登录工作提出了几点想法。     

地被菊快速繁殖的培养基研究

用含不同浓度的NAA、6-BA的培养基对15个地被菊品种的叶片进行快速繁殖研究,筛选出地被菊叶片诱导和分化培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1+NAA 0.5 mg.L-1;最佳增殖培养基是1/2MS;用含不同浓度的NAA对地被菊品种的试管苗进行生根研究,筛选出1/2MS是地被菊的生根培养基。即增殖培养基和生根培养基都用1/2MS,简化了培养基,且长出的幼苗茎粗状、叶片大、叶色浓绿、生长快,增殖系数较高。