桉树人工林与其它林地土壤酶活性的差异分析

研究了桉树萌生林、桉树植苗林、灌草丛和马尾松林地土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖转化酶及脲酶的活性变化。结果表明：桉树萌生林、桉树植苗林与灌草丛、马尾松林地土壤中3种酶活性的差异不显著,说明栽植桉树对林地土壤酶活性没有显著影响。     

杉木桤木混交林土壤酶与土壤肥力的研究

对杉木桤木混交林和杉木纯林土壤酶与肥力因素的分析研究表明,混交林下土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性都高于杉木纯林;脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶几乎与所有土壤肥力因素呈显著或极显著相关;杉木桤木混交林下土壤酶活性的提高,有利于土壤有机质的转化和土壤养分含量的增加。     

小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林土壤酶活性的异质性

利用传统统计学与地统计学相结合的方法对小兴安岭谷地不同死亡程度云冷杉林表层土壤（0~20cm）酶活性空间异质性和格局进行研究。结果表明：①土壤脲酶变异函数曲线的理论模型符合线性模型,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的理论模型符合指数模型或球状模型。②土壤酶活性各项指标的空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性指标的空间自相关程度均属较强以上（空间结构比均在75%以上）,土壤转化酶为中等（空间结构比均在25%以上）,土壤脲酶在较弱到中等之间变化。③云冷杉林表层土壤过氧化氢酶的自相关范围最大（0.58~3.08 m）,转化酶和碱性磷酸酶分别为1.41~3.98 m和0.91~4.29 m,而土壤脲酶自相关范围最小（15.426~16.673 m）。④土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的空间格局明显,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和土壤脲酶的分数维分别为1.930~1.990,1.910~1.986,1.923~1.997和1.936~1.970。     

油茶-花生间作土壤酶活性与养分的关系

本研究比较了丘陵地区油茶单作、花生单作及油茶-花生间作三种种植模式下五种土壤酶(蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶)活性的差异,并采用相关分析、通径分析对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的相关性进行了研究,旨在探讨油茶种植模式对土壤酶活性的影响,以期为油茶生产中培肥和改良土壤提供参考。结果表明,不同种植模式对土壤酶活性影响明显。与油茶单作相比,油茶-花生间作显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶及过氧化氢酶的活性,以及10~20 cm土层蔗糖酶活性;与花生单作相比,油茶-花生间作显著提高了0~10 cm土层土壤蛋白酶活性。相关性分析表明土壤酶活性与土壤养分的相关性较高,特别是脲酶和酸性磷酸酶。通径分析结果表明,土壤速效磷和速效钾对蔗糖酶产生显著的直接影响,有机质和速效磷是影响蛋白酶的主导因子,土壤全氮是影响脲酶的重要因素,土壤全氮和速效磷是直接影响酸性磷酸酶的重要因子。综合看来,与油茶单作相比,油茶-花生间作模式可以改善土壤质量,提高土壤酶活性,对提高土壤肥力有着重要意义。     

杉木桤木混交林土壤酶与土壤肥力的研究

对杉木桤木混交林和格木纯林土壤酶与肥力因素的分析表明，混交林下土壤过氧化氢酶，脲酶，磷酸酶，蔗糖酶活性都高于用木纯林，脲酶，磷酸酶，蔗糖酶几乎与所有土壤肥力因素呈显著或极显著相关；杉木桤木混交林下土壤酶活性的提高，有利于土壤有机质的转化和土壤养分含量的增加。     

徐淮平原农田防护林树木根系对土壤酶活性影响的研究

研究了徐淮平原农田防护林树木奶系对土壤中蔗糖酶，碱性磷酸酶，脲酶和蛋白酶活性的影响，得到如下结论：（１）在林带附近土壤酶活性较高，距林带较远处酶活性较低，根际土土壤酶活性大于非根际土；（２）各土壤酶活性的垂直变化规律比较复杂，蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性自上而下逐渐减小，尤其是蔗糖急剧下降，脲酶和蛋白酶活性变化幅度较小；（３）树林根系，尤其是根径小于１ｍｍ的吸收根和细根数量的增加，能够显著提高土壤酶的活     

间伐对重阳木人工林土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性影响

以太仓市20年生重阳木人工林为研究对象,研究了间伐4a后的重阳木人工林土壤微生物量碳氮含量以及土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性的变化.结果表明:间伐显著降低了土壤pH值、表层土(0～10 cm)C/N、亚表层土(10 ～20 cm)可溶性碳含量,增大了亚表层土壤微生物量碳含量和微生物量碳占总碳的比例,对微生物量氮无显著改变;间伐显著减小了过氧化氢酶活性,增大了亚表层脱氢酶活性,消除了蔗糖酶活性在不同土层之间的显著差异.     

高低产毛竹林地土壤酶活性比较分析

高产竹林地土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶的活性都高于低产竹林地;磷酸酶活性两种地类间无明显不同。低产竹林地各类酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮及有效磷含量均有显著或极显著相关性;高产竹林地土壤有效磷含量与所有酶活性都无相关性,磷酸酶活性和土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮及有效磷含量相关性也不显著。     

人工沙棘林地土壤酶分布及其与土壤理化性状间关系的研究

对黄土高原沟壑区１０龄人工沙棘林地土壤酶进行了分析研究，土壤酶活性随立地、土层、地类呈现出较规律的变化；８种土壤酶中，脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、脱氢酶具有很好的肥力效应，在酶促作用中存在着共性关系，过氧化氢酶与肥力水平呈负相关；土壤酶活性总体水平与土壤综合理化性状间有着紧密对应关系，研究结果表明了土壤酶活性可以作为反映土壤综合肥力水平的指标。     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用方式土壤酶活性特征

选择黄土高原丘陵沟壑区甘肃省天水市吕二沟流域为研究区,以其林地、果园、耕地、草地和撂荒地5种主要土地利用类型为研究对象,探讨不同土地利用方式下土壤酶活性的变化规律。结果表明,除蔗糖酶外,脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶总体变化规律相似,林地土壤酶活性显著高于其它土地利用方式;其次是果园和耕地、草地较低,撂荒地酶活性最低。蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶等相互之间关系密切,并与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾等主要养分含量呈显著正相关。土地利用方式对土壤酶活性与养分均有显著影响,土壤酶活性可作为土壤质量评价的一个参考指标。积极巩固退耕还林恢复工程和减少人为活动的干扰,将有利于土壤质量的提升。     

Rhizosphere and bulk soil enzyme activities in a Nothotsuga longibracteata forest in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China

The rhizosphere, distinct from bulk soil, is defined as the volume of soil around living roots and influenced by root activities. We investigated protease,invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of six Nothotsuga longibracteata forest communities within Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, including N. longibracteata + either Phyllostachys pubescens, Schima superba, Rhododendron simiarum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, or Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and N. longibracteata pure forest. Rhizosphere soils possessed higher protease, invertase, cellulase, urease,and acid phosphatase activities than bulk soils. The highest invertase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities were observed in rhizosphere samples of N. longibracteata+ S.superba. Protease was highest in the N. longibracteata + R. simiarum rhizosphere, while cellulase was highest in the pure N. longibracteata forest rhizosphere.All samples exhibited obvious rhizosphere effects on enzyme activities with a significant linear correlation between acid phosphatase and cellulase activities(p \ 0.05) in rhizosphere soils and between protease and acid phosphatase activities(p \ 0.05) in bulk soils. A principal component analysis, correlating 13 soil chemical properties indices relevant to enzyme activities, showed that protease, invertase, acid phosphatase, total N, and cellulase were the most important variables impacting rhizosphere soil quality.     

筇竹不同林分类型土壤酶活性的垂直分布特征

在云南省大关县木杆镇选择4种筇竹林分类型：天然筇竹—阔叶树混交林、天然筇竹—山茶混交林、天然筇竹—人工黄皮树混交林、人工筇竹—黄皮树混交林等，研究不同筇竹林分类型、不同土层深度(0~20、20~40和40~60 cm)的土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性。结果表明：1)天然筇竹—阔叶树混交林的土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性高于其他3种林分类型，人工筇竹—黄皮树混交林的土壤蔗糖酶活性高于其他3种林分类型，说明人工施肥处理对提高蔗糖酶活性有一定的作用；2)除天然筇竹—阔叶树混交林的蔗糖酶外，4种林分类型的土壤酶活性在土层0~20 cm达到最大值，并且随着土壤土层深度的增加而降低；3)除天然筇竹—人工黄皮树混交林的蔗糖酶和脲酶与过氧化氢酶、人工筇竹—黄皮树混交林和天然筇竹—山茶混交林的酸性磷酸酶与过氧化氢酶、天然筇竹—阔叶树混交林的酸性磷酸酶与蔗糖酶无显著相关外，其他酶活性之间均存在显著或极显著相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。研究表明林分类型和土层深度是影响土壤酶活性的重要因素。     

矿渣肥对华西雨屏区白夹竹林土壤化学性质及酶活性的影响研究

华西雨屏区是我国西部地区以阴湿为主要特征的特殊气候地理单元,区域内竹林资源丰富,但由于降雨量大,林地土壤酸化现象较为严重。矿渣肥具有高效化、复混化、缓释化的特点,同时也是酸性土壤改良剂。文章以华西雨屏区主要经济竹种白夹竹为对象,研究氮、磷、钾有效养分含量为45%(N:P2O5:K2O=21:0.67:0.48)的矿渣肥(KZFA)在4种施肥水平上对林地土壤化学性质及土壤酶活性的影响。施肥3年后研究结果表明:1)KZFA施用量为1.225 t/hm2时,对白夹竹林地土壤酸碱性、有机质含量和氮素、磷素、钾素的综合改良效果最好;2)施肥对脲酶活性的影响最大,施肥量、碱解氮(夏季)、速效磷、速效钾含量均与脲酶活性呈显著正相关;3)土壤化学性质的变化对过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性的影响存在明显的季节性差异,各指标间的相关性普遍为冬季大于夏季,但均未达显著水平。     

Rhizosphere and bulk soil enzyme activities in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothotsuga longibracteata</Emphasis> forest in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China

The rhizosphere, distinct from bulk soil, is defined as the volume of soil around living roots and influenced by root activities. We investigated protease, invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of six Nothotsuga longibracteata forest communities within Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, including N. longibracteata + either Phyllostachys pubescens, Schima superba, Rhododendron simiarum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, or Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and N. longibracteata pure forest. Rhizosphere soils possessed higher protease, invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities than bulk soils. The highest invertase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities were observed in rhizosphere samples of N. longibracteata + S. superba. Protease was highest in the N. longibracteata + R. simiarum rhizosphere, while cellulase was highest in the pure N. longibracteata forest rhizosphere. All samples exhibited obvious rhizosphere effects on enzyme activities with a significant linear correlation between acid phosphatase and cellulase activities (p < 0.05) in rhizosphere soils and between protease and acid phosphatase activities (p < 0.05) in bulk soils. A principal component analysis, correlating 13 soil chemical properties indices relevant to enzyme activities, showed that protease, invertase, acid phosphatase, total N, and cellulase were the most important variables impacting rhizosphere soil quality.     

辽东山区次生林土壤酶对土壤微生物呼吸的影响

以蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）林、杂木林和胡桃楸（Juglans mandshurica）林3种天然次生林土壤为研究对象,通过生长季节内表层土壤（0～30 cm ）淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤微生物呼吸速率的测定,探讨了辽东山区土壤酶活性与土壤微生物呼吸之间的关系。结果表明：辽东山区蒙古栎林、杂木林、胡桃楸林土壤酶活性与土壤微生物呼吸具有一定的季节波动,但相关性不显著。除胡桃楸林微生物呼吸与过氧化氢酶活性之间具有显著关系外,蒙古栎林和杂木林微生物呼吸与4种酶活性之间均无显著相关性。研究结果为进一步系统了解辽东山区次生林植物群落土壤碳循环过程提供了参考。     

Canonical correlation analysis of soil nutrients, microorganisms and enzyme activities in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in northwestern Hunan Province, China

With the aid of canonical correlation analysis, the relations among soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, and soil enzyme activities were studied in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in the Nverzhai watershed in northwestern Hunan. The main results were as follows: the key factors in soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities were N and P elements, number of bacteria, carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass and the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, phosphatase, and invertase. The activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase are related to the inversion of N and P elements that had important impact on the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass. Moreover, the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, and phosphatase could promote carbon accumulation in microbial biomass; however, invertase activities inhibited the accumulation of microbial biomass nitrogen. On the other hand, urease activities were beneficial to the N element content in soils but unfavorable for P elements. There is a negative relation between polyphenol oxidase activity and N element content. For every canonical variable group, the tendencies of soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities to accumulate in different soil layers in different vegetation restoration communities could offer some scientific basis for the diagnosis of the health of the soil and the site type division in the process of vegetation restoration.     

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较陈ｆ竣（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）李传涵（华中农业大学土化系武汉４３００７０）关键词杉木,根际土壤,土壤酶,杉木中毒由于林木生长的影响,使得林木根际土壤ｐＨ值、养分含量、微生物数目、生化活性等性质发生...     

林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

以崇阳雷竹林分为研究对象,通过设置标准地,调查研究了林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明:土壤微生物数量具有明显的季节性变化特征,各类微生物数量变化的趋势一致,冬季数量最低,夏季最高。季节性林地覆盖对土壤固氮菌数量的影响不显著,对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌及氨化菌数量的影响均极显著。林地覆盖对雷竹林地土壤蔗糖酶活性影响极显著,在林地未覆盖条件下土壤蔗糖酶水解作用更强,林地覆盖抑制了蔗糖酶的水解作用。林地覆盖对土壤脲酶活性影响极显著,林地覆盖能显著地提高脲酶活性。林地覆盖对土壤蛋白酶的影响极显著,林地覆盖提升蛋白酶活性,使土壤有效氮含量增大。林地覆盖在一定程度上提高了土壤肥力。     

桉树人工林地土壤酶活性与营养元素含量关系研究

运用典范相关分析 (canonicalcorrelationanalysis)对桉树人工林地土壤酶活性和土壤营养元素含量关系的研究表明 ,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性与营养元素全P和全N含量关系最大 ,即正效应较大 ,它们对N、P的转化具有重要作用。转化酶活性在一定程度上对土壤养分K、P和Mg含量有一定的负相关作用。“综合土壤酶因子”可作为土壤肥力评价的一个指标