优良的野生花卉——白藓

白藓Dictanmus albus L．var．dasyearpus(Tircz.)T．N．Liou et Y．H Chang(云香科，白藓属)。     

保松灵防治松墨天牛的林间试验

松材线虫病 [Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle]严重威胁我国的森林资源。浙江等地每年因该病造成大量松树枯死 ,防治松材线虫病刻不容缓。当前 ,我国防治该病主要措施是清理枯死松树 ,降低媒介昆虫松墨天牛 (Monochamus alternatus Hope)密度 ,减缓病害扩散蔓延。但在风景名胜区的松林和古树名木等 ,一旦发生该病 ,仅清理死树是不够的 ,必须采取保护性措施 ,防止因病害导致大量宝贵松树枯死。在日本 ,长期以来主要措施是在松树树冠进行空中或地面喷洒杀螟松、倍硫磷、西维因等农药 ,杀灭松墨天牛成虫 ,从而防治松…     

我国境内野生红豆杉的生物学特性及资源现状

比较分析了我国境内天然红豆杉4种1变种,即东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc.)、云南红豆杉(T.yunnanensis Cheng et L.K.Fu)、中国红豆杉(红豆杉)(T.chinensis(Pilger)Rehd.)、西藏红豆杉(T.wallichianaZucc.)和南方红豆杉(美丽红豆杉)(T.chinensis var.mairei(Lemee et Levl.)Cheng et L.K.Fu)的生物学特性和资源情况,为珍贵树种红豆杉的保护及可持续利用提供依据。     

拟松材线虫与松树萎蔫病

一、问题的提出 日本在松树萎蔫病的调查过程中,Mami-ya和Ende于枯死松树中发现一种与松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner etBuhrer)Nickle极相似的线虫,它的雌虫和幼虫的尾部有一明显的指形突与B.xylophilus不能交配,被定为新种—Bursaphelenchusmucronatus(Mamiya et Ende),即拟松材线虫。据日本报道,拟松材线虫分布范围比     

松材线虫自然侵染对黑松、马尾松针叶含水量、色素及抗氧化酶活性的影响

松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是国际上公认的重要检疫性有害生物,其引起的松材线虫病是一种毁灭性森林病害。该病自20世纪初在日本首次发现以来,已从北美扩散蔓延至亚洲、欧洲等多个国家,造成大批松树死亡(Fielding et al.,1996)。     

毛竹林的碳密度、碳贮量及其空间分布

森林作为生物圈的主体，维持着全球植被碳库的86％和土壤碳库的73％(Woodwell et al．，1978；Olson et al．，1983；Post et al．，1982)，因而它对全球的碳平衡起着十分重要的作用。20世纪90年代以     

应用微生物制剂有效控制马尾松毛虫十年

<正> 马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatusWalker)在台湾北部是松树上一种重要的食叶害虫,在中、南部也有少量发生(Yie et al.,1966)。其最适分布海拔高度为0—500米,少数可高达1,000米。1945年后,松毛虫每年或隔几年发生一次。然而,1952年由琉球岛引进琉球松后,每年松毛虫都成灾。1954年在阳明山温顺林区松毛虫大发生,毁灭了24,659棵12年生的松树。有的年份受灾面积多达上千公顷。     

松材线虫等5种有害生物在贵州省的风险分析

参照国内外专家对有害生物风险评价的分析方法，结合贵州省森林资源状况和病虫害发生发展情况，对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（Steiner et Buhrer）Nickle、拟松材线虫B.mucrona-tus Mamiya et Enda、云南木蠹象Pissodes yunnanensis Langor et Zhng、萧氏松茎象Hylobitelus xi-aoi Zhng、纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda Linnaeus 5种松树病虫在贵州的潜在风险性进行了分析和评价，结果表明松材线虫、拟松材线虫为高度危险，萧氏松茎象、云南木蠹象、纵坑切梢小蠹属中度危险。     

竹亚科的几个新植物

本文发表了产于四川的竹亚科1新种,1重新拟名种,4新变型,1新组合。它们是波柄玉山竹 Yushania crispata Yi,冬竹Dendrocalamus factitius Yi,黑蓉城竹 Phyllostachys bissetiiMcClure f.denigrata Yi et H.R.Qi,金黄百夹竹 Ph.nidularia Munro f.sulfurea Yi et C.G.Chen,黄秆绿槽百夹竹 Ph.nidularia Munro f.speciosa Yi et C.G.Chen,绿秆黄槽百夹竹 Ph.nidularia Munro f.mirabilis Yi et C.Q.Shen,绿秆花黔竹 Dendrocalamus tsiangii(McClure)Chia et H.L.Fung f.striatus(Yi et H.R.Qi)Yi etH.R.Qi。补充记载了黔竹 D.tsiangii(McClure)Chia etH.L.Fung 的花、果形态特证。     

松材线虫枯萎病

由松材线虫Bursaphclenchus xylophilus(Stcine et Bwhrer,1934)引起的松枯萎病,广泛蔓延在全日本的赤松(Pinus densiflora Sjeb和Iucc)黑松(p.thunbergii parl)的林分中。在日本,首次发生松枯萎病要追溯到本世纪的初期。森林昆虫学家Yano(1913)报道了九州岛的长崎松树死亡的情况,但当时对病因不清。至1930年初,在整个九州和本州的Seto Inland海沿海,受害面积逐渐蔓延。     

Züchtung von Reinkulturen des Pilzes Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev. zur Entstehung von sexuellen Fruchtkörpern (Hysterothecien)

Production of hysterothecia from pure cultures of Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev. A method is described for the production of hysterothecia from pure cultures of L. pinastri. Previously sterilized needles of Finns sylvestris, after being overgrown on the culture dish are removed and put on living moss under natural conditions. In 2–2,5 months hysterothecia appear.     

外生菌根真菌菌剂的制备及其对松苗生长效果的研究*

从不同林型下分离获得的外生菌根真菌纯培养菌株中,选择了劣味乳菇、美味红茹、赭丝膜菌、彩色豆马勃四株菌根菌,进行菌剂制备及其对松苗生长效果的试验。结果表明,PDMA和PD培养基是培养外生菌根真菌较适合的培养基,木屑、麸皮、米糠、玉米粉、珍珠岩、蛭石等是培养菌根菌菌剂较适宜的基质。供试菌对油松、马尾松、落叶松、樟子松、红松苗都具促进生长作用,效果较明显的是丝膜菌,其次是劣味乳菇、美味红菇、彩色豆马勃;对促进火炬松苗生长效果最明显的是劣味乳菇,其次是美味红菇、彩色豆马勃。四种菌对湿地松苗生长效果均高于对照。     

Epidémiologie du Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev.

Epidemiology of the needle-cast fungus of pines (Lophodermium pinastri): results of four years studies with the aid of a Hirst spore trap . This study is dealing with the results of laboratory and forest (Haguenau) observations on the biology of the needle cast fungus of pines. The spores were harvested during a period of four years with a Hirst spore trap and their germination rate was studied. The results obtained permit to apply chemical treatments with a certainty of success.     

Two biotypes of Lophodermiul11 pinastri in Scotland

Two biotypes of Lophodermium pinastri, perhaps differing in their pathogenicity, were recognised on Pinus sylvestris in NE Scotland. These biotypes are described in artificial culture and are shown to be associated with definite habitats on pines, both in the plantation and in the nursery. In the discussion it is suggested that the present results might help to explain the difficulty many workers have experienced in trying to infect artificially young pine needles with L. pinastri.     

针叶树斑痣盘菌科真菌病原调查*

本文研究了安徽一些针叶树上的斑痣盘菌，共３属５种。其中：皖南散斑壳（Ｌｏｐｈｏｄｅｒ－ｍｉｕｍｗａｎｎａｎｅｎｓｅＣ．－１．Ｈｏｕ）为一新种，杉木小鞋孢盘菌（Ｓｏｌｅａｌｌａｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｅ），汉德尔舟皮盘菌（Ｐｌｅｉｏｄｅｒｍａｈａｎｄｅｌｉｉ）等４种为国内已知种，对新种作了汉文和拉丁文描述，记载了已知种的生态习性。     

Physiologische Untersuchungen über die unterschiedliche Resistenz von Pinus sylvestris gegen Lophodermium pinastri

Physiological studies on variation in resistance of Pinus sylvestris to Lophodermium pinastri. I. Buffer capacity in needles. Studies on the buffering of hydrogen-ion concentration in needles of resistant and susceptible pines showed that the pH-value was changed by the growing fungus from about pH 3.7 to 5, The buffer capacity of homogenized needles varied greatly between clones, The change of pH-value as well as the buffer capacity were significantly different between resistant and susceptible clones.     

Lophodermium needle cast,insect defoliation and growth responses of young Scots pines in Estonia

Using a retrospective approach, based on historical needle cast disease and insect pest records, data series of needle losses (reconstructed by the use of the needle trace method), tree growth parameters and meteorological data were studied to determine the impact of the appropriate pointer (epidemic or calamity) years on the annual radial and height increment of 46 sample trees in six Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in Estonia from 1887 to 2006. First, the needle cast epidemics during the last 120 years were retrospectively determined, with resulting 4.6 epidemics per decade as a mean frequency. If the sum of precipitation from May to August reached 300 mm (the mean of 12 epidemic years studied: 361 ± 15 mm), an epidemic of needle cast caused by Lophodermium seditiosum might follow the next year in young plantations. For insect defoliators, similarly clear triggering threshold values of precipitation or temperature could not be determined, although dry and warm summers and mild winters supported the calamities. We separately detected that both larger needle losses and growth reductions in trees related to Lophodermium needle cast epidemic years lasted until the same age of pines, 22–24 years, but for insect pest (diprinoid sawflies) calamity years the growth reduction lasted longer. The relevance of these findings for the prediction of Lophodermium needle cast epidemics is briefly discussed.     

Pines versus oaks: effects of fire on the composition of Madrean forests in Arizona

I examined contrasts in response to moderate-intensity fire between two pine species (Pinus leiophylla Schiede and Deppe and P. engelmannii Carr.) and four oak species (Quercus hypoleucoides Camus., Q. arizonica Sarg., Q. emoryi Torr., and Q. rugosa Nee.) in Madrean forests in southeastern Arizona. Stem survival of pines after fire was greater than for oaks, but oaks sprouted more successfully after top-kill than did the only sprouting pine species, P. leiophylla. As a result, post-fire decline and subsequent recovery in oak populations was more marked than for the pines, and the ratio of oaks to pines decreased as a result of fire but increased during recovery. In typical forest stands, most individuals established from 1860 to 1920 at the interface between a period of high fire frequency and the onset of fire exclusion. Ages of Q. hypoleucoides were more clustered than for the pines, suggesting post-fire sprouting rather than long-term top-survival of fire. The results point to contrasts in mechanisms of persistence in this fire-prone ecosystem: fire resistance in the pines versus post-fire sprouting in the oaks. As a result, fire regime controls the balance between the two groups, with moderate-intensity fire favoring the pines and periods of low fire frequency – due to natural causes or anthropogenic fire exclusion – favoring the oaks. The species and community response patterns found in this study may apply generally to other pine-oak communities.     

松落针病药剂防治试验

通过测试多菌灵、百菌清、炭疽福美、福美双、代森锌、代森锰锌、甲基托布津、代森铵、苯菌灵、退菌灵、炭特灵、克菌丹等12种不同杀菌剂对松针散斑壳菌(Lophodermiumpinastri(Schrad )Cher )孢子萌发的抑制作用,认为不同杀菌剂对松针散斑壳菌作用效果不同,药剂筛选结果表明代森铵、多菌灵、百菌清和退菌特等杀菌剂对松针散斑壳菌有较好的抑制作用。对马尾松幼林的松落针病作小区和林间防治试验,结果表明,林间应用45%代森铵水剂防治效果最佳,平均防效达81 2%。     

Invasive brown spot needle blight caused by Lecanosticta acicola in Estonia

Lecanosticta acicola (Thüm.) Syd., a serious foliage pathogen of pines in many regions of the world, is an emerging invasive species in northern Europe. After the first record of L. acicola on Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. in northern Estonia in 2008, monitoring was started to investigate the spread and host range of the fungus in the country. By the beginning of 2015, L. acicola was also recorded on P. uncinata Mill. ex Mirb., P. mugo Turra and on P. mugo var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari, being the northernmost records of the fungus in Europe. So far, the single native pine species Pinus sylvestris L. has not been found to be infected. Molecular analysis proved infection of L. acicola on pines in five different localities of Estonia: in Tallinn (mainly in the Botanic Garden, northern Estonia), in Tori and Kärdla (western Estonia), in Vasula and Kärevere (east-central Estonia). The sexual state (teleomorph) of the fungus was not found, but the existence of the both mating types, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, was confirmed.