基于WebGIS的东风农场橡胶树施肥信息管理系统的设计与实现

以西双版纳东风农场为例,基于开源WebGIS软件GeoServer建立橡胶树施肥信息管理系统,实现橡胶园基础信息查询、橡胶树营养和胶园土壤养分空间查询以及橡胶树施肥配方自动判断等多种功能。     

马来西亚小胶园考察报告

<正> 应马来西亚橡胶研究院(RRIM)的邀请,农垦司于1992年5月8日至22日陈盈祥等一行五人对马来西亚小胶园橡胶栽培技术、种植管理、胶园更新、橡胶加工、培训学校和国家对小胶园的有关政策进行了考察。现将考察情况报告如下: (一)马来西亚小胶园的发展概况     

从西双版纳植胶土壤特点看胶园土壤管理的几个问题

西双版纳是云南植胶的主要垦区,植胶已有20余年历史。在长期的生产实践中,广大农垦职工根据植胶土壤特点,对胶园土壤管理积累了丰富的经验。在当前轰轰烈烈的“农业学大寨”的群众运动中,为了进一步搞好胶园土壤管理,为胶树速生、丰产创造良好的土壤条件,本文根据群众的经验,结合我所及有关单位试验研究,对胶园土壤管理的几个主要问题加以总结,供参考。     

云南农垦生态胶园建设实践与思考

分析云南农垦生态胶园发展现状和存在问题,明确云南生态胶园的基本含义、界定标准,讨论了生态胶园建设模式,提出生态胶园建设的设想与思考。     

橡胶栽培技术探讨

橡胶产业作为海南省的重要经济农作物,对推动海南的农业发展具有一定的积极作用。介绍了橡胶的生态特征,就品种选择、胶园建设、胶园管理及割胶等方面探讨了橡胶栽培技术。     

两类不同营养状态橡胶园的产量和死皮病情的调查研究

对甲等宜林地二代胶园和丙等宜林地一代胶园GT1品种橡胶树产量和死皮病率的调查结果:甲等宜林地二代胶园的干胶产量极显著(P<0.01)地低于丙等宜林地一代胶园;而死皮病率极显著(P<0.01)地高于后者,分析认为主要原因是二代胶园土壤营养不足。     

东莞林科园植被信息管理系统的构建

利用全站仪对地形和植被进行定位,结合CAD技术形成数字化地形图,应用GIS技术开发具有W indows风格用户界面的东莞林科园植被管理系统,系统具有查询、检索、统计和打印等功能,极大地提高植被管理的效率,在东莞林科园植被管理过程中发挥巨大的作用。     

林科园植被信息管理系统的构建

利用全站仪对地形和植被进行定位,结合CAD技术形成数字化地形图,应用GIS技术开发具有Windows风格用户界面的林科园植被管理系统,系统具有查询、检索、统计和打印等功能,极大地提高植被管理的效率,在东莞林科园植被管理过程中发挥巨大的作用.     

橡胶栽培技术探讨

橡胶产业作为海南省的重要经济农作物,对推动海南的农业发展具有一定的积极作用.介绍了橡胶的生态特征,就品种选择、胶园建设、胶园管理及割胶等方面探讨了橡胶栽培技术.     

云南省农垦总局新一代胶园的验收标准和办法

<正> 胶园更新,建设新一代胶园,是充分利用和开发我省有限热带植胶土地资源,提高橡胶产量和经济效益的重大措施之一。近几年来,云南农垦已开始进行了胶园更新,取得了初步的经验,并在这个基础上制定了《云南省农垦总局胶园更新技术暂行规定》,为了保证《暂行规定》的贯彻执行,建设好新一代胶园,就其验收标准、验收办法和经费补贴作如下规定:     

Possibilities of diverse rubber based agroforestry systems for smallholdings in India

Rubber growers in South East Asian countries are facing acute crisis due to the price volatility, sharp increase in cost of cultivation, increasing drought and declining soil fertility. With an objective to generate additional income and improve small-holder welfare by integrating diverse crops in rubber ecosystem, three experiments were conducted in Rubber Research Institute of India during 2001–2014 period. In one experiment, coffee, vanilla on Glyricidia standards, Garcinia and nutmeg were cultivated along with rubber without altering the planting design and density of rubber trees. Growth of rubber was significantly higher under mixed planting and yield was not influenced. Soil moisture status during summer and microbial population were higher in mixed planting system and soil nutrient status was maintained. Yield of all the intercrops was good during initial years. As the shade from rubber canopy intensified, Garcinia perished but vanilla and coffee continued to yield reasonably well. In another experiment, nine shade tolerant medicinal plants were evaluated in mature rubber plantation. All the medicinal plants established well and produced reasonable biomass, but the performance of Strobilanthes cuspida and Alpinia calcarata were comparatively better. In another study, it was observed that short duration vegetables like amaranthus and salad cucumber can be cultivated during the annual leaf shedding period in mature rubber plantations to meet part of the household requirement. The results showed that diverse crops can be integrated with rubber without any adverse effect on growth and yield of rubber. Crop diversification generated additional income, mitigated drought and sustained soil fertility.     

海南东部垦区部分农场橡胶树叶片营养元素含量分析

对海南省东部部分农场PR107和RRIM600不同产量水平的成龄胶园叶片养分分别进行了研究,结果表明,两个品种的高、中、低产胶园叶片养分状况都存有明显差异,PR107品种高产胶园的全氮和全磷显著高于中、低产胶园;RRIM600不同产量水平的胶园中全钾和钙存在显著差异。高产胶园中,PR107和RRIM600品种间叶片养分含量存在显著差异,因此,要因树施肥,合理配比,达到增产的目的。     

云南天然橡胶产业现状及发展对策探讨

简述云南天然橡胶产业现状及在云南省经济中的地位与作用、产业发展面临的主要问题，提出利用西部大开发的机遇和世贸组织的“绿箱政策”， 加快天然橡胶优良品种的更新换代和推广种植，加大科技投入，建立云南天然橡胶产业发展基金，组建云南天然橡胶产业股份有限公司等产业发展对策。     

橡胶人工林生态系统氮素循环模型

根据海南儋州地区不同树龄PR107无性系橡胶人工林生态系统养分循环规律,应用系统动力学原理,构建了土壤、胶树和凋落物层3个分室之间的养分循环分室模型及其微分方程组,并测定了各分室中氮素(N)现存量、流通量和流通率。结果表明:1)土壤、胶树、凋落物层中氮素现存量的平均值分别为3069.61kg/(hm2.a),580.22 kg/(hm2.a),62.94 kg/(hm2.a),随着树龄的增加(4~24a),土壤中氮素现存量变化为先减少后增加,胶树、凋落物中氮素贮存量则呈逐年增加的趋势;2)土壤、胶树、凋落物分室之间氮素流通量变化规律为吸收量、归还量、分解量都随树龄增加而逐渐增大,而胶乳中氮素流失量在24a有所下降;3)氮素在土壤、胶树与凋落物层各分室之间的流通率大小各不相同,4~24a胶树的吸收系数为0.0640~0.1588,并随树龄增加呈指数递增的趋势,归还系数、分解系数、流失系数的平均值分别为0.1335,0.6621,0.0279。此外,本文所建分室模型可以实现对橡胶林生态系统养分动态的精确模拟和预测,并可望用于指导人工施肥。     

Species richness and guild composition in rubber plantations compared to secondary forest on Hainan Island, China

Currently, the one of great threats to tropical biodiversity is the conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture, and this threat is particularly critical on Hainan, the largest tropical island in China and a global biodiversity hotspot. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) has been planted on Hainan since the 1950s, resulting in extensive replacement of native forest, and the rate of this transformation has increased with latex prices since the 1990s. Rubber plantations now cover ca. 506,680 ha on Hainan and reach ca 1,000 m in elevation. To investigate the effect of this land-use change, we compared avian communities between a rubber plantation and a native secondary semi-deciduous monsoon forest. We found that species richness was higher in the native forest than in rubber, and that community composition differed greatly between the two habitats. No strict frugivores were recorded in rubber and no granivores in semi-deciduous monsoon forest. In both richness and abundance, more nectarivores and fewer insectivores occurred in rubber than in the native forest. Some common forest species, as well as protected species, were found only in native forest, including Hainan Partridge (Arborophila ardens), Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), Black-browed Barbet (Megalaima oorti), Blue-rumped Pitta (Pitta soror), Puff-throated Bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus), and Chestnut Bulbul (Hemixos castanonotus). Although ten babbler species were found in the native forest, only two were in rubber. Among the species missing in rubber was the endemic Hainan species Grey Laughingthrush (Garrulax maesi). Its endangerment through habitat conversion is of particular conservation concern.     

橡胶树冷应答转录组cDNA-AFLP分析

以橡胶树11个抗寒无性系和12个不抗寒无性系为研究对象,利用cDNA-AFLP技术对23个橡胶树无性系低温处理前后的基因表达谱进行差异分析。结果表明:通过100对引物组合的扩增筛选,共获得12条在2组材料中表现一致的差异片段(GenBank登录号:GO269543-GO269554);BLASTn和BLASTx比对分析显示,TDF7-8,TDF5-15,TDF16-103条片段分别与植物抗逆相关的ABC转运蛋白、3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯庚酮糖-7-磷酸合成酶(DAHPS)、WRKY基因有较高相似性,其余9条片段在GenBank未比对到同源序列。     

西双版纳橡胶林下恢复雨林树种的配置模式研究

在橡胶林下种植望天树、羯布罗香、格木、铁力木、降香黄檀、高阿丁枫等雨林树种,进行7种配置模式的种植试验,通过调查不同配置模式的生物量和碳贮量与橡胶纯林对比,选择出最佳的配置模式,结果表明:橡胶林下种植以格木为最佳模式,同时可以适当配置羯布罗香、望天树和铁力木。     

巴西橡胶树产胶与排胶机制研究进展

从产胶形态结构及生理学研究、分子生物学研究、排胶机制研究、割胶及乙烯刺激对产胶排胶的影响等方面对巴西橡胶树的产胶与排胶机制进行综述.     

桉树人工林的社会、经济和生态问题

按树具有很好的社会和经济效益。按树人工林不但提供各类木材和非木材产品,而且对农田风沙防护、园林绿化以及水土保持等也有重要作用。但长期以来,对按树人工林的生态问题存在很多争论,本文就此作了详细的论述。     

杜仲橡胶颗粒结合蛋白的分离、纯化及抗体制备

采用重复漂洗，离心法分离纯化了杜仲橡胶颗粒，SDS—PAGE分析发现杜仲橡胶颗粒含有十几种蛋白，其中以56ku、30ku2种蛋白的丰度较高，分别称之为EuRPP56和EuRPP30。对杜仲雌雄株的比较表明，杜仲雌株叶片、雌株树皮及果皮中橡胶颗粒蛋白均是EuRP30含量高于EuRPP56，而雄株叶片、雄株树皮中正相反。进一步分离纯化了杜仲橡胶颗粒中丰度较高的30ku蛋白，并制备了该蛋白的抗体。免疫细胞化学分析结果表明，在叶片的含胶细胞中有阳性反应，而其它细胞无阳性反应。以上工作为研究杜仲胶粒结合蛋白功能以及阐明杜仲胶生物合成机制奠定基础。