结构人造板防腐防虫技术的应用及发展

为提高人造板的附加值,拓展人造板的应用领域,对结构人造板用防腐、防虫药剂种类,及木质原材料防腐防虫预处理、生产过程中防腐防虫处理一体化、成品防腐防虫处理3种处理工艺进行了总结,并提出了我国结构人造板防腐防虫处理研究的主要方向.     

木质复合材料与实木的防腐性能比较

防腐是提高木材和木制品耐久性、延长其使用寿命、节约木材的重要措施之一.随着新产品的开发和新用途的拓展,木质复合材料防腐能力日渐引起重视.简要分析了木材和木质复合材料防腐能力影响因子,着重比较了木质复合材料和实木两类产品防腐技术的异同,并初步讨论了复合材料防腐能力评价的方法和指标.     

综合信息

国家颁文规定城镇新建住宅中禁用天然珍贵树种等生产门窗及其地板国家建设部、经贸委、质量技监局、建材局于１９９９年１２月１３日颁发了建住房［１９９９］２９５号文《关于在住宅建设中淘汰落后产品的通知》第２条款指出，自２０００年６月１日起，在城镇新建住宅中禁止使用长江、黄河上中游等天然林保护、生态建设工程地区的天然林及天然珍贵树种为原料生产门窗、地板。使用速生丰产林木材生产门窗、地板要经过干燥、防腐、防虫、防潮、阻燃、改性处理，提高其使用寿命。要提高木材综合利用率，积极开发生产、推广应用新型复合木质门窗…     

强化复合地板市场前景好

为保护森林资源,我国政府已明确规定,自今年 6月 1日起,城镇新建住宅中禁止使用以长江、黄河上中游等天然林保护、生态建设工程地区的天然林及天然林珍贵树种为原料生产的门窗、地板;使用速生林生产门窗、地板要经干燥、防腐、防虫、阻燃、改性处理,以提高其使用寿命;积极开展生产、推广应用新型复合木质门窗、地板,鼓励采用木材采伐加工的剩余物、竹材、农作物秸秆、回收旧木材生产复合门窗、地板。而近年来,已被市场认可和接受的强化复合地板恰恰与这一政策相吻合。该产品多以高密度纤维板作基材,其表面铺以经过热固性氨基树脂浸…     

美国调查表明：全国消费者青睐小地板

美国：美国国家住宅建筑协会（NAHB）的3家主要的木制品协会最近的一次消费者偏好调查结果显示，相比于混凝土板，美国消费者更青睐木质结构地板。     

科技通讯

积极开发和推广木材防腐技术木材防腐(包括防虫、防裂等)可延长其使用年限3—5倍,节约木材效果显著,而且处理设施简单、投资少,能在短期内显示它的经济效益。仅以木质海洋渔船和建筑用材为例,现在全国有木质海洋渔船约30万艘(包括养殖渔船),每年新造近     

木质仿古地板机械加工技术研究现状与发展趋势

简述了木质仿古地板的类型和特征,介绍了国内外木质仿古地板表面成型加工技术的现状,以及数控加工技术在木质仿古地板加工中的应用,指出了木质仿古地板数控加工技术研究中需要解决的技术问题及发展趋势。     

生命周期评价体系在我国木材加工领域的应用

生命周期评价(LCA)是评价产品、工艺等对能源与材料使用和环境排放影响的一种评价体系,在木材加工领域的应用始于上世纪90年代.文中论述了欧美等发达国家在木材加工领域LCA的应用,从研究林产品碳平衡方法开始,细化到木质面板、地板生产以及住宅用木制品的LCA研究;研究范围也从传统的木材加工行业到新兴产品诸如木塑等新产品,以及目前较为新兴的生物质能源领域.LCA在中国木材加工领域的应用则侧重于传统的木材加工业,包括木制品、竹制品、木质与非木质复合材料、地板、家具等领域.针对目前我国存在的一些诸如理论和方法上的不足、研究结果代表性不明确、数据质量不高等问题,提出了研究内容细致化、建立符合中国国情的木材加工业的生命周期评价模型、开发自主评价软件、建立符合中国国情的生命周期数据库等对策.     

地采暖用木质地板基于甲醛释放的承载量计算方法解析

根据地采暖用木质地板甲醛释放量及室内空气中甲醛浓度限量，提出地采暖用木质地板承载量的计算方法，介绍该方法的推导过程，并对计算公式进行验证。建立地板产品标准和室内空气质量标准的对应关系，为建立基于甲醛释放限量的地采暖用木质地板承载量规范奠定理论基础。     

木材防腐防虫剂的配制

人们在日常生活中，经常会遇到木材腐朽或虫蛀的情形。怎么办呢?好办，用防菌、防虫剂处理就得。木材防腐防虫剂大致可分为油质防腐剂、油溶性防腐剂、水质防腐剂三大类，常用的就有几十种，多数是复合防腐剂。这里介绍几种常用的木材防腐防虫剂的配制，以及配制时的注意事项。一、药剂的计算：各种配方所用的化学成分都应按纯品计算。但我们从市场上买来的往往都是工业品，因此，我们在配制防腐防虫溶液时，要根据化学药剂的纯度进行换算，以确保所配制的防腐防虫剂溶液的准确。如要配制复合剂，其配方的五氯酚钠6.4％，氟化钠1.6.、水92％…     

ACQ木材防腐剂及防腐处理木材

为使民众更多的了解和使用ACQ木材防腐剂和防腐处理木材，本文对其基本理化性质、防腐性能、对人、畜和环境的安全性、对木材性质的影响、处理工艺以及注意事项等作了详细的介绍。     

Serial exposure technique for assessing performance of wood preservatives

Summary The performance of copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA) and two quaternary ammonium compounds as wood preservatives was compared using a serial exposure technique, involving successive 10-week exposures in conventional soil jars. All preservative treatments were successful in preventing decay of Pinus radiata sapwood after the first exposure, but successive 10-week exposures clearly distinguished those treatments likely to offer long-term protection. The progressively increasing times of exposure with test fungi overcame the time lag for decay initiation in wood treated to preservative retentions above the toxic threshold established by conventional laboratory methods. Consequently, an additional and higher toxic threshold could be calculated. Examination of data from field stake tests suggested that a series of toxic thresholds established by a serial exposure technique could be related to preservative retentions which protect wood in the field from decay for increasing periods of time. Results of all tests are discussed in relation to the development of a laboratory procedure which may predict field performance of wood preservatives.     

3种季铵盐木材防腐剂的防腐性能和抗流失性比较

以杨木为试材，比较了3种季铵盐木材防腐剂的防腐性能和抗流失性，结果表明，当二癸基二甲基氯化铵（季铵盐-1），二癸基二甲基乙酸铵（季铵盐-2）和二癸基二甲基丙酸铵（季铵盐-3）药剂的保持量分别为3.8,3.8和3.9kg/m^3时，经白腐采绒钳盖菌[Coriolus versicolor(L.exFr.)Quel]腐朽后，试样的质量损失率分别为7.2%,7.9%和7.6%。达到强耐腐等级，另外，二癸基二甲基乙酸铵与木材作用后，对中性和碱惺 溶液性质较为稳定，而二癸基二甲基丙酸铵对酸性溶液较为稳定。     

我国与欧美浸渍纸层压木质地板标准的比较

浸渍纸层压木质地板是我国重要的木地板产品之一,分析我国与美国、欧洲标准体系中,浸渍纸层压木质地板的标准结构及技术内容的主要差异,为我国浸渍纸层压木质地板的标准的制修订和贸易,提供参考。     

Efficacy of wood preservatives formulated from okara with copper and/or boron salts

As a substitute for high-cost copper azole (CuAz) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) wood preservatives, alternative wood preservatives were formulated with okara, which is an organic waste from the production of tofu, and copper chloride and/or borax. Each preservative was used in treatment of wood blocks in a reduced-pressure method to measure its treatability. The treated wood blocks were placed in hot water for 3 days to examine the stability of the preservatives against hot-water leaching. The preservatives successfully penetrated into wood blocks, probably due to the use of ammonium hydroxide as a dissociating agent. However, the stability of okara-based preservatives dropped as the concentration of acid in the solutions used for hydrolysis of okara increased. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives were not affected by hydrolysis temperature but were negatively affected by the addition of borax. Leached wood blocks treated with okara-based preservatives and exposed to decay fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta over 12 weeks showed good decay resistance. Okara-based wood preservatives can protect wood against fungal attack as effectively as CuAz, and have potential for use as environmentally friendly wood preservatives.     

ACQ木材防腐剂的性能改良

针对ACQ木材防腐剂现存的防霉、抗金属腐蚀和化学稳定性差等问题，通过采取添加防霉剂，更换季铵盐，调整溶剂配比，及加入一定的助溶剂和表面活性剂等措施，进行改良试验研究。测试结果表明，改良后ACQ的防霉、抗金属腐蚀和化学稳定等性能均有较大程度的改善。     

松香在木材防腐中的应用

从松香降低木材吸湿性、对水基木材防腐剂的固着以及抑木腐菌松香衍生物的制备3个方面讲述了松香在木材防腐中的应用现状.较高浓度的松香乳液处理对提高木材的耐腐性能有一定帮助,较低浓度的松香乳液处理就表现出对易流失的铜盐类防腐剂较好的固定作用.以松香为原料合成的松香胺类、季铵盐等衍生物能够赋予木材较好的耐腐性能,咪唑啉等其它活...     

意杨单板层积材地板的涂饰加工与成本分析

介绍一种新开发的意杨单板层积材地板的涂饰加工工艺,并检测其相关性能。结果表明:单板层积地板的浸渍剥离、表面耐磨、漆膜附着力等指标,均可达到国标要求;生产成本介于中高档实木复合地板和强化地板之间。     

木材防护工业的技术进步和面临的问题

介绍了近年来木材防护业在木材防护剂、木材防护处理工艺及木材改性等方面所取得的主要成就;剖析了面临着来自于环境的担心、消费者的需求以及与其它产品的市场竞争等问题;最后对今后发展木材防护技术提出了一些想法.     

Biodegradation of new quaternary ammonium compounds in treated wood by mould fungi

The degradation of seven potential wood preservatives based on imidazolium compounds (ICs) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) with a modified anion structure by mould fungi was determined using soil-block method. Experiments were carried out on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. Two-phase titration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were used to detect and quantify the degradation products. The performed soil-block tests showed that the ICs and QACs with alkoxymethyl substituents were leached from the experimental wood when in contact with moist soil and revealed their fungal detoxification by mould fungi, especially by Gliocladium roseum. The degree of biological decomposition of new compounds was higher than didecyldimethylammonium chloride and didecylmethylpoli(oxyethyl)ammonium propionate. The observations of the colonization by mould fungi were made using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Decay of treated wood by mould fungi showed its tolerance to QACs.