马尾松诱根嫁接技术研究

马尾松诱根嫁接,将接穗接在砧木根颈处,接后培土,诱导接穗生根,形成新植株。本试验嫁接成活率与成活接株生根率均达70％以上。该嫁接方法的优点是:接部愈合与接株生长良好,并可降低树冠层,扩大结实面;同时接穗形成自生根,防止后期不亲和。这是马尾松无性系良种繁育的一项新技术,可供生产应用。     

几种影响水曲柳嫁接成活与生长的因素分析

水曲柳的最佳嫁接方法为舌接法,其次为劈接和贴接;在本试验地5月均适于嫁接,最佳嫁接时间为中、下旬（2005年结果）,高生长也达到最大;舌接带顶芽接穗嫁接成活率（97．2％）显著高于无顶芽接穗（43．1％）,当年高生长量差异不显著;水曲柳接穗嫁接成活率雌株（87．2％）高于雄株（79．2％）,但生长量相反;不同无性系接穗的嫁接成活率及当年高生长差异极显著;高砧嫁接成活率与低砧嫁接差异不显著,但接穗当年平均高生长低于低砧嫁接。     

杉木优株挖蔸移栽嫁接促萌试验

对杉木优株挖蔸移栽嫁接促萌试验表明，嫁接后树蔸获得的萌条比未嫁接树蔸获得的萌条多９１．１％，这为杉木优株转化无性系提供了新途径。     

腾冲红花油茶不同无性系嫁接成活率研究

采用双向完全随机区组试验,选择1月、5月不同时间嫁接和39个无性系2因素,每区组嫁接株数不低于120株,设置3个试验重复,嫁接成活稳定后调查成活率及统计分析。结果表明:不同无性系间嫁接成活率差异显著,嫁接时间及无性系与嫁接时间交互作用达极显著水平。39个无性系中,其嫁接成活率最高达77.667%、最低值为9.167%;5月份较1月份更适合腾冲红花油茶嫁接;不同无性系与时间交互极显著,最高组合成活率达85.67%,最低值仅7.33%。     

杉木种子园无性系球果年龄段分布调查

对嫁接７年生的杉木１．５代种子园无性系球果进行年龄段分布调查，结果表明：（１）杉木种子园母树球果分布较为密集Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ４个年龄段，占７个年龄段总球果数的７８．８％，其中Ⅳ年龄段结实量最多，其着果比例为２３．２％。（２）杉木无性系年龄段着果量变异由无性系的遗传因素和种子园的地理环境因素综合作用所致。平均变异系数无性系间为５３．７％（３８．９％～７５．２％），无性系内分株间为５９．２％（６．７％～     

嫩苗硬枝嫁接一苗多繁技术研究

为加快经济林的无性繁殖速度，保持品种的优良特性，提高经济效益，对银杏、板栗、油茶三个主要树种进行无性高效繁殖技术研究，于播种后，待长出嫩苗时采用嫩苗硬枝嫁接、嫩苗梢扦插足嫩苗根嫁接等方法，繁育出多株无性系苗木。应用本项技术，提高了种子利用率２—３倍，降低苗木成本１１８．７％，加快了苗木繁殖速度，取得了明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

湿地松、加勒比松及湿加松大树嫁接促花效果分析

通过大树嫁接促进接穗提早开花是缩短林木育种周期的重要手段。研究以湿地松（Pinus elliottii）精选种子园 3 个无性系为中间砧木,湿地松、加勒比松（P. caribaea）3 个变种和他们的杂交子 代湿加松（P. elliottii×P. caribaea）共 10 个无性系大树的新梢为接穗,研究砧木无性系、砧木无性系分 株、接穗树种、接穗无性系及其交互作用对接穗成活率、开花性别及数量的影响。结果显示：嫁接 258 条接穗,共成活 240 条,砧木 AE19 对 5 个树种的接穗都表现出最好的亲和力;嫁接 10 个月后,成活接 穗中有 129 条接穗开花,64.3% 的穗条产生了雌球花,17.8% 产生了雄花序,17.8% 接穗产生了雌雄花; 砧木无性系、接穗无性系均对雌球花量、雄花序量有显著的影响,一些砧木无性系对某一性别花量促进 有倾向性;砧木无性系分株、接穗树种对雌球花量有显著的影响。     

锥栗幼砧嫁接板栗技术初报

采用新鲜的板栗枝条和运用春季单芽嵌合枝接方法,可较好解决锥栗砧木直接嫁接板栗母树接穗不易成活的技术难题,经大批量苗木嫁接试验,其成活率在70％以上。经4年观察,成活株生长正常,未发现后期不亲和现象。     

油茶低产林嫁接无性系改造效果及其无性系测定的研究

１９８６～１９９３年在闽侯侗口林场完成油茶低产嫁接无性系改造面积３０．１３ｈｍ＾２，本文对１９８６年首批改造的０．１３ｈｍ＾２低产林的改造效果进行分析，结果表明，１９９１～１９９４年平均产油量２６１．７５６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，比改造前增产６．７６倍，比对照增产５．９８倍，结合嫁接无性系改造进行的无性系测定，新筛选出闽１５，闽７５－８，闽７５－７，闽８４四个优良无性系，其平均年产油量５６７．０００～７１     

甜柿砧、穗及其接合部位解剖结构观察

主要研究了甜柿砧、穗的解剖结构，并观察了其接合部位的愈合情况。结果表明：富有／君迁子组合表现不亲和，富有／浙江柿、次郎／君迁子、次郎／浙江柿亲和性较好，而禅寺丸／浙江柿、禅寺丸／君迁子组合最亲和。但甜柿砧木和接穗解剖结构的相似度并不能预测其嫁接亲和性。     

红锥嫁接"假活"现象原因探讨

针对龙眼洞林场红锥种子园中采用腹接法嫁接的接株出现的“假活”现象进行了调查和分析。结果表明：在110株嫁接成活株中,后来又死亡的假活株数有22株,占20％,使嫁接成活率由55％下降至44％。引起假活的原因主要是接穗和砧木选择不当,其假活株数比例为59．1％,其他原因还有接口部位太高和管护不当造成的接株损伤和白蚁危害。掌握正确的嫁接技术、提高工人的嫁接水平并加强对接株的管护是解决“假活”问题的主要对策。     

Histological analyses of the host response of two aspen genotypes to wounding and inoculation with Hypoxylon mammatum

Ramets derived from root sprouts of two quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) parents were either mechanically wounded or wounded and inoculated with mycelium of Hypoxylon mammatum. Female aspen parents were considered either resistant or susceptible based on a 30-year field trial of their open-pollinated progenies that had 21% and 93% mortality, respectively, caused by H. mammatum. Each stem was wounded twice at the base and in the nonlignified zone. Samples were taken 5 mm above the site of wounding at 7 and 14 days. Histochemicals used were phloroglucinol-HCl and Sudan Black B to detect lignin and suberin, respectively. Thin sections of the resistant aspen ramets showed intensive staining phloroglucinol-HCl, which was localized along both sides of the wound margin. Collenchyma callus was well developed by day 7 and was derived from the phloem tissue internal to the cell walls staining positive for phloroglucinol-HCl, near the vascular cambium. In contrast, the tissues of susceptible aspen ramets were less stained, the stained cells were less scattered and less collenchyma callus had formed than on the resistant ramets. The presence of the fungus increased the amount of staining observed with phloroglucinol-HCl and delayed wound closure in both aspen genotypes. No distinguishing pattern could be identified between the two aspen genotypes with respect to suberin formation. When comparing stem response to phloroglucinol-HCl with respect to the tissue type on the same stem (succulent versus woody), the inoculation of older woody tissue resulted in a more defined host response and thus were better in separating the two aspen genotypes.     

木麻黄青枯菌的根表吸附及根内增殖与其致病性关系

对 3个不同致病的青枯菌菌株和 7个不同抗病性的木麻黄无性系苗的研究得出 ,各菌株对寄主根表吸附量具有显著差异 ,吸附量与致病性呈负相关 :各菌株在寄主根内的增殖量差别明显 ,增殖量与致病性呈正相关。病菌脂多糖 (LPS)对幼苗根的预处理 ,可使其供体菌的吸附量减少5 8.5 %　 97.3% ,但胞外多糖 (EPS)对供体菌的吸附量无明显影响。洗去EPS和LPS的菌体较完整菌体对根表的吸附量减少 6 3.3%　 74 .2 %。而仅洗去EPS的菌体对根表的吸附有所增加 ,最高达19.1%。各菌体SDS PAGE电泳图谱显示出一定差异 ,其中强毒菌株 6 0 1B具有Rf=0 .35的特异谱带。结果表明青枯菌对木麻黄的致病性与其在寄主根表的吸附情况和在根内的快速增殖具有密切关系。LPS在此病理系统中 ,起着细菌识别因子的作用 ,EPS对LPS进行掩盖 ,二者都是病菌致病性的重要因子     

松嫩平原星星草无性系种群的数量特征

通过对星星草种群的取样调查,定量地分析了松嫩平原碱化草甸开花期和籽实成熟期两样地星星草种群分蘖株的数量与生物量的数量动态。结果表明,在种群的平均水平上,开花期两样地均以营养蘖占优势地位,其中割草地营养蘖占63.48%,放牧地占54.69%,割草地略高于放牧地。籽实成熟期生殖蘖数量割草地是放牧地的2.05倍。在生物量分配上,开花期生殖蘖生物量割草地大于放牧地;籽实成熟期生殖蘖生物量割草地小于放牧地。     

Horizontal distribution of stolons of a temperate lianaWisteria floribunda DC. and its ecological significance

The spatial distribution of stolons ofWisteria floribunda DC. was investigated, and the ecological significance of clonal growth of this temperate liana is discussed. The study plot (0.15 ha) was located in a secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated byQuercus serrata in central Japan. The tree canopy was almost closed with a mean openness of 4.2%.W. floribunda was dominant among lianas accounting for 86% of their total basal area.W. floribunda stolons of three individuals branched numerous times and intersected among individuals, and showed a large horizontal “web-like” extension on the ground. The total length of stolons was 66.0, 260.2, and 310.6 m, respectively, for each individual. A mean of 25 ramets were established on stolons per individual, and one-third of the ramets obtained a host tree. These results suggested that the expansion of stolons was effective in obtaining host trees forW. floribunda individuals. On the other hand, clonal growth ofW. floribunda did not always contribute to vertical growth of ramets in the study forest, since few ramets reached the forest canopy. Lack of sub-canopy trees in this forest appeared to constrain the vertical growth ofW. floribunda ramets, since sub-canopy trees are thought to bridge lianas from smaller trees to canopy trees.     

筇竹无性系种群生物量结构与动态研究

依据Harper的构件结构理论 ,从群落和个体两个水平上研究了筇竹无性系种群的生物量结构与动态。结果表明 :(1)筇竹无性系种群分株的生物量优化模型为 :W =344 .0 96 3D - 2 2 .6 0 12。(2 )筇竹无性系种群中各分株生物量在 1　 5年生的分配为 31.94 %、37.0 1%、13.30 %、16 .2 4 %、1.5 1% ;生物量在各构件单位的分配为秆 4 2 .72 % ,枝 5 .82 % ,叶 6 .5 2 % ,根 6 .70 % ,鞭 2 7.13% ,篼11.11%。(3)筇竹无性系分株生物量在笋 -幼竹生长时期符合Logistic增长 ;叶生物量季节变化明显 ,其峰值出现在 10月份 ,最低值出现在 2月份     

筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分生物量模型构建

本研究以筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分为研究对象,测定分析了1~4年生分株地上部分各构件生物量及含水率,建立人工筇竹分株地上部分各构件的生物量及总生物量模型,以期为人工筇竹林的经营管理及其碳汇项目的开发提供科学依据。结果表明：随着筇竹分株年龄的增加,各构件含水率和生物量均逐渐减少,筇竹1~4年生分株地上部分平均含水率分别为57.62%、53.40%、50.01%、42.66%,平均生物量分别为133.99、123.31、109.76、85.39 g/m²;各年龄分株地上部分生物量的分配均呈现出秆＞枝＞叶的变化规律。不同年龄分株的胸径与秆、枝、叶生物量及地上部分总生物量均有极显著相关性(P＜0.01)。以胸径为自变量建立的各年龄筇竹分株地上部分总生物量模型的决定系数(R²)均在0.93以上,具有较高的可信度,也有着较强的适用性,可用于类似立地条件下的筇竹分株生物量估测。     

日本落叶松高龄一轮采穗圃无性系生根变异

以河北省茅荆坝林场一轮日本落叶松无性系采穗母株为试材,研究了幼年实生母株与其一轮分生株11-12a后生根率的变化和一轮无性系采穗圃无性系间生根性状的遗传变异。结果表明,一轮无性系分生株与其幼年实生母株相比总体生根率大幅度下降。但无性系间生根率下降幅度有明显不同,约37．5％的无性系与原株相比生根率没有下降或下降幅度小（0—12．5％）。一轮无性系采穗圃无性系间生根率、生根量等性状均有明显差异,且生根率、生根量等性状的重复力高。因此,对一轮落叶松无性系采穗圃进行生根性状再选择有助于筛选出受老龄化影响小、生根性状优异的无性系,以推动日本落叶松无性系育林事业的发展。     

从C、N、P化学计量特征分析雷竹氮素克隆整合分株年龄效应

[目的]研究雷竹不同年龄分株叶片C、N、P化学计量特征对氮素克隆整合的响应机制,探讨雷竹林施肥的适宜立竹年龄,为雷竹林精准化、减量化施肥提供参考。[方法]以1年生和2年生雷竹分株组成的克隆整合单元为研究对象,通过给不同年龄分株竹腔注射15NH415NO3的方法,设置3个氮素添加水平(低浓度N,4.07 mol·L^-1;中浓度N,8.13 mol·L^-1;高浓度N,12.20 mol·L^-1),测定各处理1年生、2年生立竹叶片在时间梯度上的C、N、P含量,分析雷竹不同年龄分株间氮素整合方向及传输效率等差异。[结果]雷竹克隆分株间存在强烈的氮素传导功能,1年生立竹会部分传输氮素至2年生立竹,而2年生立竹会将氮素大量传输至1年生立竹,即2年生立竹的氮素传导能力显著强于1年生立竹,同时具有一定的时间效应和氮素浓度效应,氮素浓度过低或过高均会减弱分株间氮素传输能力,试验的中浓度N是整合功能显著变化的"拐点"。1年生、2年生立竹氮素处理均能提高相连分株叶片N、P养分利用效率,且随氮素处理浓度增大及处理时间延长而减弱,但都能维持相对稳定的N/P,并使立竹叶片C、N、P含量及其化学计量比关系产生适应性调节作用。[结论]雷竹氮素克隆整合存在明显的分株年龄效应,宜选择2年生立竹进行株穴法施肥,可以大幅度提高肥料利用率,显著减少肥料的使用量。     

Detecting mislabeling and identifying unique progeny in Acacia mapping population using SNP markers

Acacia hybrids offer a great potential for paper industry in Southeast Asia due to their fast growth and ability to grow on abandoned or marginal lands. Breeding Acacia hybrids with desirable traits can be achieved through marker assisted selection(MAS) breeding. To develop a MAS program requires development of linkage maps and QTL analysis. Two mapping populations were developed through interspecific hybridization for linkage mapping and QTL analysis. All seeds per pod were cultured initially to improve hybrid yield as quality and density of linkage mapping is affected by the size of the mapping population. Progenies from two mapping populations were field planted for phenotypic and genotypic evaluation at three locations in Malaysia,(1) Forest Research Institute Malaysia field station at Segamat, Johor,(2) Borneo Tree Seeds and Seedlings Supplies Sdn, Bhd.(BTS) field trial site at Bintulu, Sarawak, and(3) Asiaprima RCF field trial site at Lancang, Pahang. During field planting, mislabeling was reported at Segamat, Johor, and a similar problem was suspected for Bintulu, Sarawak. Early screening with two isozymes effectively selected hybrid progenies, and these hybrids were subsequently further confirmed by using species-specific SNPs. During field planting, clonal mislabeling was reported and later confirmed by using a small set of STMS markers. A large set of SNPs were also used to screen all ramets in both populations. A total of 65.36% mislabeled ramets were encountered in the wood density population and 60.34% in the fibre length mapping population. No interpopulation pollen contamination was detected because all ramets found their match within the same population in question.However, mislabeling was detected among ramets of the same population. Mislabeled individuals were identified and grouped as they originated from 93 pods for wood density and 53 pods for fibre length mapping populations.On average 2 meiotically unique seeds per pod(179 seeds/93 pods) for wood density and 3 meiotically unique seeds per pod(174 seeds/53 pods) for fibre length mapping population were found. A single step statistical method was used to evaluate the most informative set of SNPs that could subsequently be used for routine checks for mislabeling in multi-location field trials and for labelling superior clones to protect breeder's rights. A preliminary set of SNPs with a high degree of informativeness was selected for the mislabeling analysis in conjunction with an assignment test. Two subsets were successfully identified,i.e., 51 SNPs for wood density and 64 SNPs for fibre length mapping populations to identify all mislabeled ramets which had been previously identified. Mislabeling seems to be a common problem due to the complexity involved in the production of mapping populations. Therefore, checking for mislabeling is imperative for breeding activities and for analyses such as linkage mapping in which a correlation between genotypic and phenotypic data is determined.