光对红皮云杉形态建成的影响

以18年生红皮云杉人工林为研究对象，着重考察在土壤、地质、地貌、气候、水分等条件相同，而光照不同的立地条件下的生长状况，并从叶面函数分布、叶绿素合量、叶片中营养元素含量等方面进行了论述．结果表明，不同的光能分布和吸收使红皮云杉的形态产生了差异，光是影响红皮云杉人工林生产量的重要因子之一。     

吉林地区红皮云杉苗木培育及造林技术

红皮云杉生长速度较快，且具备较好的耐寒、耐旱特性，在东北及华北地区适应性较强，属于吉林地区的主要树种，观赏价值与建筑价值较高。文章从吉林地区红皮云杉种植情况入手，分析了该地区红皮云杉苗木培育方法，提出红皮云杉造林技术要点，为该树种的繁殖利用提供参考。     

红皮云杉人工林经营最优密度表的编制

通过对东北林区红皮云杉人工林密度调查，分析了密度对红皮云杉人工林生长的影响，根据动态规划方法与理论，导出红皮云杉人工林分最优密度模型，编制了红皮云杉人工林最优密度表。     

长白山地区红皮云杉人工幼龄林生长与光照关系的研究

为探讨红皮云杉人工幼龄林直径、高生长与光照的关系,采用随机抽样方法,抽取不同光照条件下的红皮云杉进行测树调查。调查结果揭示了红皮云杉人工幼龄林生长与相对照度关系,并提出了相应的生产经营措施。     

落叶松人工林下红皮云杉和青海云杉的幼苗更新

落叶松幼苗在其人工林内难以更新。为探讨红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗是否具有在落叶松人工林内成功定植并替代落叶松更新的潜力,采用红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗在不同落叶松人工林(样地Ⅰ:1 300株·hm^-2的平地,样地Ⅱ,660株·hm^-2的平地;样地Ⅲ,330株·hm^-2的平地;样地Ⅳ,660株·hm^-2的坡地)下进行人工更新。结果表明:1)样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅱ更适宜红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗的存活,且同一样地内,红皮云杉幼苗的成活率均高于青海云杉的;2)同一样地内,红皮云杉幼苗的地上生物量均高于青海云杉的,并且在样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅱ红皮云杉的地上生物量显著高于青海云杉的;3)在不同落叶松人工林样地,红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗的1级根均有较好的外生菌根侵染;4)红皮云杉幼苗的1级根直径受环境影响较大,而青海云杉幼苗的1级根皮层厚度受环境影响较大。同一样地内,2种云杉幼苗的1级根解剖结构除在样地Ⅳ表现出明显的差异外,在其它样地基本无显著差异。红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗均适宜在落叶松人工林内存活,但相对高密度的林分更适宜云杉幼苗的生长,且红皮云杉比青海云杉更具生长优势。     

遮荫对红松、红皮云杉苗木生长的影响

研究不同年龄红松，红皮云杉在全日照、70％、40％、30％及10％光照条件下的生长情况，结果表明，红松、红皮云杉苗木均在相对照度70％的条件下，树高生长量最大。全日照不利于苗木高生长。地径生长随着光照强度的增大而增大。相对照度70％条件下，红松、红皮云杉（小）平均单株生物量最高。红皮云杉（大）在全日照下平均株生物量最高。随着苗龄的增长对光的需要量增大。     

红皮云杉速生丰产林生长量指标的研究

】针对东北林区营造红皮云杉丰产林的各个年龄阶段应达到的生长量，从产区、立地等方面进行全面的调查与分析，应用逐步回归分析等数理统计方法，提出各产区培育红皮云杉速生丰产林应达到的生长量指标，为营造和检查检收红皮云杉速生丰产林提供科学的依据。     

不同种源的红皮云杉在大兴安岭东坡的生长表现试验

】对红皮云杉按地理位置和气候条件进行种源划分是适宜的。根据红皮云杉的自然分布，可划为４个种源区：小兴安岭东南部种源区；大、小兴安岭交界种源区；完达山——老爷岭种源区；干旱草原种源区。各不同种源区内，红皮云杉的高、径生长存在显著的差异。大、小兴安岭交界区和小兴安岭东南部种源生长表现较好；干旱草原区种源生长表现最差。在整个大兴安岭东坡的红皮云杉造林，可根据具体情况选择最适宜的种源。     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。     

城市绿化红皮云杉树冠结构研究

以白城市不同地区9个样点的红皮云杉为研究对象,根据各树冠结构因子实测数据,建立了红皮云杉枝条基径、枝条长度与其着枝深度的关系模型,给出了弦长、着枝角度以及树冠半径的预估模型,并对红皮云杉树冠横断面和纵断面的基本形状进行了描速.     

不同施肥方式对速生巨尾桉生长效果的影响

为探讨施肥方式、坡位及肥料含量对速生巨尾桉生长量的影响,确定速生巨尾桉最佳施肥方案,以巨尾桉为试验对象,按不施肥、施基肥、施二次肥,采用上坡、中坡、下坡3因素3水平进行随机区组试验,调查各施肥方式下巨尾桉生长情况.结果 表明:与不施肥相比,在下坡施二次肥时,巨尾桉的生长量最高,较不施肥分别增加33.33％、62.61％...     

Effects on stem growth of Scots pine 33 years after thinning and/or fertilization in northern Sweden

Thinning and fertilization are two common and important stand treatments in forest management. In terms of area treated, thinning is the single most common form of stand treatment. The extent of forest fertilization on the other hand, has varied widely in recent decades and is currently not very common. Thinning is done primarily to promote stand properties while fertilization is done to increase growth before future final felling. After thinning stands of Scots pine, overall growth decreases, while growth of residual trees increases. An experiment was established outside Vindeln in northern Sweden where the long-term growth effects after thinning and/or fertilization were evaluated after 33 years. Experimental set-up was a randomized block design including 12 replications of four treatments. Treatments were control, fertilization, thinning, and thinning and fertilization combined. Thinning decreased overall and annual volume growth ha^?1, and increased green crown size and diameter growth at breast height (1.3 m, DBH) for the individual trees. No positive growth responses to fertilization could be seen after 33 years. In summary, this study showed that thinning can have long term effects on the growth of a Scots pine stand in northern Sweden. Possible reasons for the lack of positive response following fertilization are discussed.     

磷施肥水平对油茶植株营养生长的影响

为了提供科学合理的施肥依据,在氮、钾肥最佳用量的基础上,依次设置5个磷水平处理,对油茶幼林开展施磷肥试验。结果表明:低于每年900 g/株磷肥水平时,油茶植株的株高、地径、冠幅乘积增幅、叶绿度、叶面积及叶片养分N、P、K随着磷素供应水平的增加而增大;在每年900 g/株磷肥水平下,各项指标达到最大值;大于每年900 g/株磷肥水平时,各项生长指标没有增加反而降低了。说明过度施入磷肥,导致植株磷肥利用率的降低,影响植株体内干物质积累,不利于植株生长;不同磷水平处理中,对油茶各指标的影响呈先增大后减少的趋势。叶片养分与油茶树体指标间呈极显著相关性,施磷肥与各项指标关系密切。油茶植株营养生长对磷水平的响应,说明合理施用磷肥有利于油茶植株树体的生长和叶片养分的累积。     

施肥对紫薇生长开花特性的影响研究初报

本文研究施肥对5年生紫薇生长和开花特性的影响,结果表明：不同施肥处理对幼龄紫薇地径及冠幅生长影响不显著,对苗高生长有显著影响,施肥后,紫薇营养生长综合指标OD值的从大到小的次序为PK＞NPK＞NP＞CK＞NK;不同施肥处理间紫薇花序宽、花枝比、着花数有显著差异,但施肥对花序长的影响效果不显著,施肥后紫薇开花质量综合指标OD值的从大到小的次序为NP＞NPK＞CK＞NK＞PK.总体来看,施肥对紫薇开花特性的影响大干营养生长,P是影响该地幼龄紫薇营养生长及开花质量最主要因素,NP和NPK处理对幼龄紫薇生长及开花具有明显促进作用.     

施肥对园林绿化灌木景观的影响研究

试验选择信阳市城区10种灌木,采取1～3年施肥1次和每年施2～4次肥等频次,观察施肥效果.结果表明：施肥对灌木枝叶生长量、枯死枝叶量和景观效果的影响显著.每年施肥3次,灌木枝叶生长量可以达到最大值,每年施肥2次,灌木可以达到最佳景观效果.对于观花灌木,在花后增施1次肥,能够保证第2年大量开花.     

DRIS-based fertilization efficiency of young hybrid poplar plantations in the boreal region of Canada

In order to maximize early growth and establishment of planted hybrid poplars in the boreal region of Eastern Canada, growth response of four clones to fertilization was tested in two plantations. The first two fertilization treatments were based on Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), a method based on nutrient ratios: DRIS I was based on previously established norms from a study that had been conducted in the same area, and DRIS II was based on DRIS norms developed from hybrid poplars in northern Ontario, Canada. Nutrient status and growth of trees under these 2 treatments were compared to unfertilized trees and to trees under standard (STD) fertilization treatment (40 N–20P–20 K). Leaf nutrient concentrations and DRIS indices showed that fertilization treatments, and especially DRIS I corrected N deficiencies but failed to correct P deficiencies. Fertilization increased volume relative growth rate by 7.51, 4.76 and 13.25 % on average at the agricultural site for DRIS I, DRIS II and STD treatments respectively, compared to no fertilizer application. At the forest site, fertilization treatments based on DRIS indices (DRIS I and DRIS II) increased growth rates (6.67 %) slightly more than the standard treatment (5.80 %). Overall, although DRIS-based fertilization treatments generally increased growth rates, they were often equal to or less efficient than the STD treatment, and may not be as practical as using a standard fertilization recipe.     

施P肥和外生菌根菌接种对蓝桉林产量和养分积累的影响

主要研究施P肥和接种外生菌根菌对蓝桉生长、生物量和养分积累的影响。在云南楚雄的试验表明：接种外生菌根菌只能在幼林期促进树木生长，3a后这种促进作用不显著。施P肥能在幼林期促进蓝桉树高和胸径的生长，但4．5a后这种促进作用也变得不显著。由于施P肥提高了蓝桉的保存率，所以也显著地提高了蓝桉林的生物量。低P处理时，树木保存率低，较大的生长空间促进了树木的后期生长，可能会导致施P肥对后期单株蓝桉树高和胸径生长作用不显著。施P肥还增加了树木N、P和K的养分积累量，提高了上述养分的利用效率。施P肥同时还明显增加了林下植被和林下凋落物P的积累量，但不能明显增加N和K的养分积累量。树木叶片和土壤分析结果进一步说明施P肥对蓝桉幼林作用明显。试验表现出接种外生菌根菌只能在低P情况下促进树木生长，不能在高P情况下促进树木生长的基本趋势。     

Long-term Growth Effects Following Forest Nitrogen Fertilization in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies Stands in Sweden

Forest nitrogen (N) fertilization induces changes in the soil and soil microorganisms that could hypothetically affect the long-term productivity of the soil. The tree growth response following a normal (i.e. 150 kg N ha^?1) single shoot N fertilization has a duration of 7–10 yrs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any residual effects on tree growth persist, which could be attributed to previous N fertilization. The study included six Pinus sylvestris L. and three Picea abies (L.) Karst. experimental sites, sampled for growth parameters 14–28 yrs after the last fertilization. Residual growth effects were on average small, and not statistically significant. Negative residual growth effects of varying duration could be discerned, especially at low-fertility P. sylvestris sites. However, there was an overall tendency for growth to increase in the long term after N fertilization. The main conclusion is that operational forest N fertilization with a normal N dose should not be regarded as a threat to long-term forest production.     

施用城市固体垃圾肥对杉木生长的影响

采用完全随机区组设计,分别对杉木造林前穴底、幼林及中龄林施城市固体垃圾肥,以研究该肥对杉木生长的影响．结果表明,杉木造林前穴底施垃圾肥肥效显著,以每穴施 ３７．５ ｋｇ 肥效最好,第２ 年地径、树高生长量分别比对照增加２７．６８％ 和２５．４１％ ;幼林施垃圾肥对杉木生长有一定促进作用,当年肥效不明显,其中 ３７．５ｋ ｇ／株垃圾肥处理在第 ３ 年胸径、树高生长量分别比对照增加２１． ２９％ 和 ２４．１４％ ,不同施肥处理第 ３ 年对杉木生长效应排序为：垃圾肥 ３７．５ ｋｇ／株（记为 Ｌ３７．５）＞ Ｌ２５＞ Ｌ１２．５＞ Ｎ０．２５（尿素０．２５ ｋｇ／株）;杉木中龄林施垃圾肥具有明显增产效应,随时间推移,各施肥处理对杉木生长效应排序为：Ｌ３７．５＞ Ｌ２５＞ Ｎ０．２５＞ Ｌ１２．５．,且肥效渐趋明显     

配方施肥对印楝人工林产量和生长性状的影响

对元谋干热河谷印楝人工林经3 a施肥试验表明,配方施肥对印楝林分的生长和结实产量均产生显著影响:(1)施肥当年对林分生长未显明显肥效,施肥效应主要表现在施肥后第1年,到施肥后第2年肥效总体呈下降趋势;各生长性状对施肥配方反应的敏感性排序为:冠幅＞株高＞地径＞胸径;以株高和冠幅生长为评价依据,第14处理(300 g氨肥+300 g磷肥+200 g钾肥)为最优施肥组合方案.(2)不同施肥配方处理间以及不同年份之间,印楝的结实产量均存在显著差异;有机肥与P、K肥的组合配方对印楝结实量产生明显增益,其中第1处理(8 kg有机肥+200 g磷肥+200 g钾肥)为增加印楝结实产量的最佳施肥方案;各年份施肥处理间结实产量的排序为:施肥后第1年＞施肥后第2年＞施肥当年.此外,施肥前的林分本底值对林木生长产生极显著影响,在一定程度上干扰了施肥效应.