以绿道建构城乡绿地生态网络——构成、特性与价值

以绿道建构城乡绿地生态网络是一种构筑完整连续的生态系统的重要方法,其于结构、功能及系统层面建立起人类与自然保护之间的连接,是生态向着城乡演进的一种空间战略、发展模式与生态策略。文中侧重从生态视角解析绿道由本体、边缘区、影响辐射区3个要素构成,提出绿道在生态网络建构过程中体现出的统领性、生态性、系统性3大特性,并分别从其与城乡的空间形态演进、系统耦合关系及价值驱动机制3个方面分析绿道及绿网对于城乡发展的意义与价值,为探知、建构合理高效的城乡绿地生态空间提供了新的视角。       

扬州古运河风光带绿地树种配置分析

扬州古运河城区段大水湾——便益门桥的绿地树种调查表明,共88种,分属43科、67属。乡土树种与外来树种比为1.44:1,常绿类树种与落叶类树种比为0.63:1,乔木与灌木比为1.5:1;观花树种42种,花期主要分布在3~7月。论文对绿地模式的功能定位、模式结构、树种配置等作了论述,并对进一步的绿地树种规划和完善提出对策和建议,以更有利于绿地生态效益、环保功能及保健功能的表达。       

合肥市城市绿地系统防灾避险规划

采用实例分析——合肥市城市绿地系统防灾避险规划,通过对规划结构布局,基础设施布置,植物种植设计分析,指出合肥市避灾绿地规划将构建合理的城市防灾绿地网络,有利于城市的防灾和减灾。       

厦门岛城市绿地可达性研究

文章应用RS技术结合GIS工具,以厦门岛Landsat TM卫星影像作为研究数据来源,并结合厦门岛用地现状图、远景绿线规划图等数据资料制作厦门岛数字地图,以绿地可达性为评价指标,衡量厦门岛的当前绿地系统及远景绿地规划为居民提供生态服务的有效性;通过现状绿地与远景规划绿线之间的整体绿地可达性对比,对远景绿线规划进行评价;对绿地可达性不佳区域,以多种来源的数据作为分析依据,对绿地建设工作提出改进意见,为绿地建设工作提供了一种有效的决策支持平台。       

合肥环城公园廊道景观及生态环境作用分析

从景观生态学角度分析合肥市环城公园,具有鲜明的廊道结构特征,对城市空间格局,城市景观及生态环境起着重要的作用,合肥市绿地系统的建设目标,应以市域范围内生态廊道为依托,真正形成环状与放射状结合,楔形绿地切入的框架结构。       

休闲绿地活动空间设计

从"以人为本"的理念出发,通过对居住区中心绿地的道路、广场、植物、建筑的空间分析,提出活动空间设计方法和有关对策。       

休憩绿地居民生态需求及功能满足

文章探讨了休憩绿地居民生态需求、使用功能的最大满足,试述了两者结合的途径,为城市休憩绿地的设计与改造提供借鉴。       

旧城改造中街头绿地建设

随着社会的发展,街头绿地的作用日益受到人们的重视,同时,在城市建设中,尤其是旧城区改造过程中街头绿地的建设也存在着许多问题。街头绿地不仅仅是一个形态空间,更是一种社会现象、一种社会空间。文章从人文的角度对城市街头绿地进行深入的分析并提出街头绿地建设的相关建议。       

城市绿色空间建设的内涵与存在的问题

现代城市绿色空间的概念与内涵包括城市森林、园林绿地、都市农业、绿色廊道、滨水绿地以及立体空间绿化等在内的复合生态系统中的绿色空间。其生态服务功能的强弱取决于生态规划的合理性和管理的适宜性。本文从研究角度、研究尺度、服务功能、评价指标、规划方法和建设方式等方面分析总结了当前城市绿色空间建设中存在问题,并从复合生态系统角度提出了调控策略和整合能力建设措施。       

银川市休闲绿地规划建设初探

从银川市园林绿化现状、城市休闲绿地现状、开发城市休闲绿地功能的有利条件、城市休闲绿地存在问题人手,提出了城市休闲绿地的主副结构布局、规划分区、分类规划、休闲设施的配置和休闲活动类型,以促进银川市创建"运动休闲城市"的进程。       

林区不同土地利用模式对土壤理化性质与酶学特性的影响

土壤在调节地球气候和物质循环方面起着重要作用,但是由于人为因素的影响,不当的土地经营模式（如居民用地、农业耕地、毁林开荒）对土壤质量产生了深刻影响,使土壤质量发生变化。本研究对黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山林场的4种不同的土地利用与经营模式（森林土壤、农田土壤、场部用地和森林迹地）下的土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性进行测定与分析,探讨不同土地利用模式对其土壤理化与土壤酶学特性的影响。研究发现4种土壤类型的10个采样点的10个土壤理化指标和5个土壤酶活性指标间存在显著差异,土壤质量从高到低依次为：森林土壤,森林迹地,林场场部用地,农田用地。相关分析表明土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶与土壤含水量、土壤全氮、土壤全碳、土壤有机碳、可溶性全碳和可溶性有机碳含量之间成显著正相关;多酚氧化酶与土壤pH成显著正相关。因此,不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性产生显著影响。     

土地利用变化对土壤肥力影响研究进展

随着人类活动对土地利用的范围不断扩大、强度不断加剧, 不同的土地利用方式改变了土壤的理化性质、养分状况、土壤酶活性, 进而对土壤肥力造成了不同程度的影响.文中从土壤微生物、养分状况、土壤酶活性和土壤的物理性质个方面综述了土地利用变化对土壤肥力的影响.     

The role of land tenure in conservation of tree and shrub species diversity in miombo woodlands of southern Malawi

Biodiversity is declining throughout southern African miombo woodlands due to poor land use practices that are detrimental to soil, vegetation and habitat. We aimed at examining tree and shrub species diversity and distribution in Uapaca kirkiana-dominated woodlands under three land tenure types; forest reserves, customary and leasehold land. The study was conducted at different forest sites within similar agroecological zone in southern Malawi. Study sites were located at a range of altitudes between 900 and 1,200 m a.s.l. Three circular plots each with 32.60 m radius were established at each study site to sample tree and shrub species composition, structure and distribution under three land tenure types. We found that forest reserves had higher species diversity with an average of 16 tree families, 27 genera and 34 species as compared to only 10 tree families, 6 genera and 6 species on customary forest lands. Comparisons of diameter at breast height size class distributions showed that customary land had significantly low numbers of small (5.0–10.0 cm) and very large (≥30 cm) diameter classes suggesting lower levels of regeneration and high rate of anthropogenic activities. The high species diversity and richness in forest reserves and leasehold land indicate high potential for protected lands to restore tree species diversity. It is concluded that levels of human activities as influenced by land tenure type reduce tree species diversity, composition and distribution at the different sites, and this confirms the hypothesis that open access lands are not compatible with conservation of tree and shrub species diversity because of high anthropogenic activities.     

Insecticidal activities and active components of the alcohol extract from green peel of Juglans mandshurica

The extract of green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim was extracted by common method for studying its insecticidal activities and analyzing the active components. Results showed that the alcohol extract and the chloroform part of extract （separated with chloroform from alcohol extract） form green peel of J. mandshurica have insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity against larvae of Lymantria dispar L.. After application of the extracts for five days, the corrected mortality of larvae of Lymantria dispar for both extracts was more than 50% in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity at the concentration of ≥ 5 g·L^-1. The insecticidal activity for both alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract is more effect in contact toxicity than in stomach toxicity, but no significant difference in the insecticidal activities was found between alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract. The active components in the chloroform part of extract from green peel of.J. mandshurica were analyzed by GC-MS. The analyzed results showed that the active components in the chloroform part of extract are： （1） joglone （5-hydroxy-1,4- naphthaoquinone）, the relative content 27.11%, （2） 1,5-Naphthalenediol, the relative content 9.52%, （3） 7-Methoxy-1-tetralone, the relative content 6.81%, （4） Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, the relative content 6.76%, （5） 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, the relative content 3.99%, （6） 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, the relative content 3.05%.     

Estimation and Analysis of Green Land Variation Based on Similarity Theory

The similarity theory was systematically introduced,by combining the theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and taking the dynamic changes of two-stage green land patches in Shenzhen as an example,the patches similarity of each district and each green land type were estimated.The location,shape and areas of green land unit were used as the similarity elements.Then the similarity coefficients can be defined.The overlapping number of green land patches indicated the location variation of green land.The ratio of minimum and maximum shape index of green land indicated the shape variation of green land.With the same method,the areas variation coefficient was also obtained.The results shows that based on similarity theory and method the estimation of green land variation is feasible,which can provide effective methods and accordance for the further assessment of green land development in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.     

盐城义丰镇绿地系统规划

文章以义丰镇绿地系统规划为例,分析快速城市化背景下小城镇绿地建设出现的问题。提出构建稳定镇域大环境生态绿地格局、发展森林式绿地、体现地域文脉及实现多功能复合的小城镇绿地系统规划思路。       

南昌市花园城市建设中存在的问题及对策措施

南昌市花园城市建设中存在绿地发展不平衡、建筑密度过大、绿地结构不合理、缺乏防护林、对绿量与景观质量的综合考虑不够等问题，据此提出了科学规划、加强旧城改造、增强绿地域特色、重视防灾功能等对策措施。     

基于生态安全的慈溪市坎墩街道绿地系统规划

以景观生态安全理论为指导,提出浙江慈溪市坎墩街道绿地系统规划思路,注重维护城市绿地系统的完整性与稳定性,进行城市绿地系统的安全布局,旨在构建与当地经济社会发展相适宜的城市生态绿地系统,为城乡绿地系统规划及生态建设提供参考。       

The role of NGOs in improving social forestry practice: Do they promote livelihood, sustainability and optimal land use in Bangladesh?

The encroachment rate in forests in Bangladesh is high and increasing — accelerated by rural poverty and the demand for dwelling space and forest products — causing environmental degradation as well as loss of forest cover and productivity. The forests are managed by the Forest Department, although a substantial area of marginal land belongs to other semi-public agencies including Roads and Highways and the Water Development Board. This marginal land has been left unused or underutilized. In contrast, nongovernmental organizations have an appropriate accessibility and technology disseminating ability to utilize this land in reducing poverty and enhancing rural livelihood, and have been highly active and successful in rehabilitating encroached forests. NGOs have added a new dimension to forest management, which has ensured community participation and protection of the forests, both planted and natural. This study evaluates the social forestry activities of four large NGOs, namely BRAC, Proshika, Caritas and CARE-Bangladesh, as well as national social forestry activities. By adopting a common partnership between public and private authority, property right conflicts have been resolved and rural livelihoods enhanced, and scope has been created for utilizing marginal land. The NGO partnership has been effective in reducing poverty and improving livelihoods. As an outcome of this common partnership, 33,472 km of roadside planting and 53,430 ha of reforestation activities have been carried out during the last two decades.