徐州市园林绿化植物钻蛀性害虫种类的调查研究

通过调查 ,初步摸清了徐州市园林植物钻蛀性害虫的种类、分布范围、危害程度等情况 ,编写了徐州市园林绿化植物钻蛀性害虫名录。     

杨树主要钻蛀害虫生活史、幼虫、危害状鉴别及防治

报道杨树钻蛀类害虫生活史，成虫以彩图展示其鉴别点，对其幼虫期形态与危害状特点的区别以检索表形式进行描述；根据钻蛀类害虫不同的虫态危害特点，提出多种防治方法。     

大斑啄木鸟对阿勒泰地区蛀干害虫种类的控制与保护利用

大斑啄木鸟属于鴷形目,啄木鸟科食虫鸟。食性以昆虫为主,其中蛀干害虫占较大比例,对于其他鸟类难以捕食以及人工不易防治的天牛、吉丁虫、小蠹虫类等蛀干害虫有很好的控制作用。为尽快保护和增加该鸟类的数量,阿勒泰地区野生动植物保护办公室和阿勒泰地区森林病虫害防治检疫站结合新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关项目＂额河流域主要森林病虫害种类调...     

第六讲 枝梢果实害虫及其防治

一、枝梢害虫危害林木枝梢的害虫种类较多,习性复杂,根据危害特点,可分为钻蛀、刺吸两大类: (一)钻蛀类:某些螟蛾、小卷叶蛾、透翅蛾、木蠹蛾的幼虫,钻蛀枝梢髓心,在内部形成蛀道,使枝梢枯萎、折断,影响林木的生长。1.松梢螟:分布全国,成虫为小型的蛾子,灰褐色,前翅中央有一白点,两侧有3-4条波纹,后翅灰白色。幼虫淡绿色或灰褐色,各节散生深色斑点(见图1)。幼虫钻蛀松树中央顶梢、侧梢及球果。顶梢被害使松树     

杨凌地区柳树行道树蛀干害虫危害及防治

本文通过对杨凌示范区城市园林绿化树种蛀干害虫危害现状及防治措施的调查,揭示当前关中地区城市园林蛀干害虫发生特点及主要应对策略,为城市园林中控制蛀干害虫扩散、危害提供决策依据。     

钻蛀性害虫的生物防治技术和方法

文章阐述玉米植物钻蛀性害虫的特点、危害程度等情况,采用生物防治技术杀灭玉米螟,能够得到更好的人工生物大分子灭虫效果,进而提升作物抗病虫害能力。     

石安高速公路绿化植物病虫害调查初报

通过对石安高速公路主线段、互通区、服务区及收费站绿化植物的调查,鉴定整理出绿化植物的病虫害共计54种,其中,食叶类害虫39种,蛀干及根部害虫7种,病害8种。为综合防治病虫害提供科学的理论依据。     

沙棘主要钻蛀性害虫综合防治技术

提出对沙棘钻蛀性害虫沙棘绕实蝇、沙棘象鼻虫、红缘天牛、木蠹蛾类,采用地面喷粉、林冠喷雾、干部注药的化学防治措施与选择混交类型、平茬复壮、绝花绝果、保护天敌等营林、生态、生物防治技术,在生产实践中可有效地控制沙棘钻蛀性害虫的发生危害。     

沙棘主要钻蛀性害虫综合防治技术

对沙棘钻蛀性害虫沙棘绕实蝇、沙棘象鼻虫、红缘天牛、木蠹蛾类，采用地面喷粉、林冠喷雾、干部注药的化学防治措施与选择混交类型、平茬复壮、绝花绝果、保护天敌等营林、生态、生物防治技术，可有效地控制沙棘钻蛀性害虫的危害。     

园林植物钻蛀害虫的防治

<正>钻蛀害虫绝大多数为害木本的观赏植物,只有少数为害草本植物。各类钻蛀害虫的成虫一般不为害或为害轻微,如啃食一些嫩枝的树皮、叶子、不会引起严重的危害。钻蛀危害的都是幼虫期,一般幼     

Predatory potential of three hunting spiders inhabiting the rice ecosystems

Present study was designed to assess the prey preference behaviour of three most dominant hunting spiders [Lycosa terrestris Butt, Anwar and Tahir 2006 (Araneae: Lycosidae), Pardosa birmanica Siman 1884 (Araneae: Lycosidae) and Oxyopes javanus (Thorell 1887) (Araneae: Oxyopidae)] of rice ecosystems both in the laboratory and in the field. Two types of laboratory experiments, i.e., choice and no choice feeding, were performed using only adult male and female specimens of the spiders. No choice test showed that each of the three hunting spiders readily consumed larvae and nymphs of rice pests offered. Female hunting spiders consumed more prey compared to male hunting spiders. Results of choice feeding test indicated that L. terrestris and P. birmanica preferred nymphs of rice insect pests while O. javanus preferred larvae of rice insect pests. Results of direct observations showed that in August, dipterous insects were the most numerous rice pests consumed by L. terrestris, P. birmanica and O. javanus, comprising over 56.3, 38 and 48% of their respective diets. In contrast, in September, the proportion of dipterous insects decreased dramatically and hoppers become the most numerous pests, comprising over 50, 51 and 41% of all prey and spiders consumed by L. terrestris, P. birmanica and O. javanus, respectively. In October, aquatic Heteroptera were frequently observed in their diets. Predatory potential of these hunting spiders differed statistically in the laboratory as well as in the field. It is concluded from the results of present project that studied species of spiders could successfully be used to control insect pests of rice ecosystems.     

Geographic distribution of chestnut feeding insects in Greece

Greece has been traditionally considered as a chestnut-producing country; yet, chestnut production has experienced a dramatic decline in the last decades, mainly due to chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica and chestnut feeding pests. Though chestnut blight is partially under control, little attention has been granted on chestnut feeding pests in Greece. Two species are described as major pests, i.e., Cydia splendana and Curculio elephas, without any information regarding their distribution. This study aimed to identify species diversity that feed on chestnuts trees using genetic markers and further to obtain insight into their distribution. Besides C. splendana and C. elephas, three additional species were determined namely Cydia fagiglandana, Curculio glandium as well as a Curculio sp. that has never been genetically determined before. The distribution of these species was inhomogeneous in Greece. These results demonstrate clearly the need for a carefully planned pest management approach adapted to the local mixture of chestnut feeding pests of each area rather than one general approach.     

松山自然保护区核桃楸扁叶甲的发生与防治

2007年6月在松山自然保护区发现核桃楸扁叶甲虫害严重,通过对扁叶甲的生活形态、世代、食性、天敌的观察及核桃楸受虫害程度的普查,得出了虫害的特点,并针对其发生面积大,制定了以生物、物理和化学方法为主要手段的可控防治措施,以期为有关部门提供采取可控防治措施的参考资料,有效控制病虫害,对保护松山地区的特殊植被具有重要意义。     

生物农药博落回防治黄杨绢野螟室内药效研究

为了明确生物农药博落回对园林害虫黄杨绢野螟的防治效果,分别以博落回生物杀虫剂1%可湿性粉剂500倍液、1000倍液、1500倍液、2000倍液,处理黄杨叶片,观察并记录浸有农药的黄杨叶片对绢野螟老熟幼虫的毒杀作用,结果显示:24h后,大部分叶片已被取食,初步判断主要是胃毒死亡。经方差检验,处理组的黄杨绢野螟幼虫平均死亡率均显著高于对照,平均死亡率大于85%,校正死亡率在80%以上。     

中国红树林的害虫种类及其综合防治

通过查阅文献资料,共统计中国红树林害虫128种,隶属2纲7目55科,其中以鳞翅目、半翅目昆虫为主,分别占总数的52.4%和26.6%。危害无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala、桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum、秋茄Kandelia obovata、白骨壤Avicennia marina、海桑Sonneratia caseolaris的害虫分别有45种、45种、37种、32种和20种。广东红树林害虫种类最多,共95种;广西其次,49种。鳞翅目害虫主要包括海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp.、桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick、棉古毒蛾Orgyia postica Walker、蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati Heylaerts、丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida Cramer等,多以幼虫取食为害;半翅目害虫主要有考氏白盾蚧Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli(Cooley)、广翅蜡蝉Ricania sp.等,以幼虫、成虫吸食植物汁液为害。在害虫的综合防治中,以生物防治为主,如利用寄生蜂、苏云金杆菌、白僵菌、捕食性天敌和生物制剂等进行防治,结合物理防治可以提升防治效果。同时,探讨分析了红树林虫害暴发的原因和机制。     

褐喙尾(虫脩)灾害防治研究

该属的种类在世界上不到10种,尚未有较深入研究,由于种群密度大,取食量惊人,危害树种多等特点,对此进行了被害寄主调查,生物学特性观察,防治试验,灾害评估等研究。     

Toxicity and persistence of three pyrethroids for the control of cereal bugs on common wheat

Journal of Pest Science - Sunn pests are responsible for serious kernel damage on wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae), affecting bread-making quality from their feeding at the late milk-ripe...     

云杉花墨天牛取食倾向初报

为探究云杉花墨天牛Monochamus saltuarius Gebler的取食倾向,在养虫箱内对红松Pinus koraiensis、油松Pinus tabulaeformis和日本落叶松Larix kaempferi枝条饲喂的云杉花墨天牛成虫体质量和取食选择性进行研究。结果发现,云杉花墨天牛对红松、油松和日本落叶松均具有取食行为,取食红松和油松的体质量显著高于取食日本落叶松的;对不同松树取食部位也有较大差异,主要取食红松新梢,油松新梢、新枝和针叶,落叶松针叶;对3种寄主植物的取食倾向由高到低为红松,油松,日本落叶松。     

Repellent and attractive effects of herbs on insects in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants

There is increasing interest in the use of vegetation such as aromatic plants as intercrops to biologically control insect pests in agroecosystems and orchard ecosystems. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the repellent effects of aromatic plants on orchard pests (e.g., scarabaeid pests) can lead to improved application of intercropping cultivation practices in orchards. We tested eight intercropping treatments, each containing a different species of aromatic plant, in a pear orchard, along with a natural grass treatment and a clean tillage (control) treatment. The results showed that intercropping reduced the annual cumulative number and abundance of scarab beetles relative to the control. The annual dynamics of scarab populations were also significantly altered where intercrops were used. However, with the exception of Ichneunmonidae, the natural parasites of scarabs showed no preference for the aromatic plants. A correlation analysis indicated that the reduction in some of the scarab beetle species was related to the abundance of certain specific natural enemy species. In addition, the diversity, evenness and degree of dominance of natural enemy species may have contributed to the decrease in scarab populations. This study shows that intercropped aromatic plants can be applied to control the scarab beetles in orchard ecosystems, but that effects vary across aromatic plant species.     

Host acceptance behavior of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali and its aphid-host Eriosoma lanigerum on two Rosaceae plant species

The presence of a natural enemy in a habitat refuge is no guarantee of emigration by these into crop fields, when pest population outbreaks occur. Parasitoids from a refuge may not prefer foraging on the pest crop, exhibiting host fidelity, and therefore not constituting a source of natural enemies for improving biological control. An effective refuge must not only be a suitable sink for natural enemies, providing an acceptable host when these are not present in the crop, but it must also be a suitable source of parasitoids that readily accept the aphid-host on the crop. Therefore, crop-originated parasitoids would have to accept pests from the refuge as hosts to lay eggs in, and refuge-originated parasitoids would have to accept and lay eggs in pests from the crop. We here study the host fidelity of populations of Eriosoma lanigerum originating from two host plants (firethorn and apple) through reciprocal transfer experiments. Thereafter, the host fidelity of parasitoids from populations in the two host plants (firethorn and apple) was assessed. Reciprocal transfer experiments of parasitoids did not show an association between apple-originated parasitoids and their preference for any of the aphid hosts. Conversely, parasitoids from firethorn exhibited a higher number of attacks and in less time when aphids from apple were offered, suggesting a preference for apple-originated aphids. If future field work confirms these findings, firethorn could become an important management tool for enhancing biological control of woolly apple aphid in apple orchards, without being a substantial source of aphids.