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1.
抚育间伐为促进林木生长创造良好的营养空间和环境条件,是实现森林生态系统可持续经营的关键性措施。通过改变森林生态系统树种组成、空间分布、层次结构,进而对森林生态系统主要水文生态过程产生影响。该文综述了抚育间伐对森林生态系统主要生态过程水文生态功能的影响,为实现新时代条件下森林生态系统的可持续经营提供理论参考。  相似文献   

2.
森林生态系统服务功能是指森林生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用。它支撑和维护了地球的生命保障系统、生命物质的地化循环与水文循环、生物多样性、大气化学成分的平衡与稳定。文章根据当前国内外森林生态系统生态服务功能与价值研究现状,选用森林的涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、养分物质贮存、净化大气、生物物种保育、森林游憩等7大类指标,对阿尔山森林生态系统生态服务功能价值进行评估。  相似文献   

3.
森林粗木质物残体(CWD)的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
森林粗木质物残体(CWD)在保持森林生态系统的完整性方面发挥着重要的生态功能,影响着系统内外相关的生物和非生物过程,不仅为微生物、节肢动物、鸟类以及哺乳动物提供栖息环境,也是生态系统中重要的碳库和养分库,而且在减少土壤侵蚀和森林水文生态方面具重要的作用.文章总结了CWD的研究历史及状况,系统地阐述了CWD的形成和来源、贮量、分解、碳元素和营养元素的贮藏功能以及CWD对森林的更新作用、对生物多样性的维持和水文生态功能等.对今后CWD研究的重点及方向提出了建议.  相似文献   

4.
为了明确流域湿地森林生态系统的边界范围,根据流域湿地森林生态系统定义和森林水文作用过程,选取土地覆盖类型、郁闭度、坡度、坡向作为分析指标,提出了流域湿地森林生态系统实体边界和水文功能边界的划分方法。以资江流域为案例,划分出了资江流域湿地森林生态系统实体边界和水文功能边界。研究结果能为流域湿地森林生态系统的经营管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
从第21届国际林联世界大会看全球“森林与水”研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
从森林的水文生态功能研究、林业生产经营活动对林地土壤侵蚀的影响研究、高新技术在森林水文学研究中的应用、森林生态系统的水文生态模型研究等4个方面论述了第21届国际林联世界大会关于“森林与水”的研究进展。从森林生态系统的观点出发,结合森林的结构和功能以及生产力和系统能量及物质循环的研究,揭示各种森林水文现象发生和发展的规律及其内在联系,依然是森林与水关系研究的基本思路,尤其是森林植被对集水区水量平衡和水土流失的影响及尺度转换、森林流域经营和生态系统管理、遥感和稳态同位素等新技术在森林水文学研究中的应用、现代森林水文学研究中的模型和模拟技术等,将是21世纪“森林与水”研究的前沿问题。  相似文献   

6.
中国森林生态系统水源涵养功能分析   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33       下载免费PDF全文
根据水源涵养的机理、森林的水文效应,对我国森林生态系统的水源涵养功能作了分析,并对我国不同地域的森林生态系统类型的水源涵养功能进行了综述。  相似文献   

7.
从森林林冠层、林下枯落物层、土壤层3个生态作用层对冀北山地森林生态系统水文生态效应进行研究,运用层次分析与数学软件MATLAB相结合的方法,综合评价冀北山地落叶松桦木针阔混交林、山杨桦木阔叶混交林、油松蒙古栎针阔混交林3种主要森林植被类型的涵养水源功能的强弱,并进行了排序。结果为:落叶松桦木针阔混交林(0.348 4)>油松蒙古栎针阔混交林(0.334 1)>山杨桦木阔叶混交林(0.317 5)。事实证明,层次分析法是评价森林涵养水源功能的一种非常有效的数量化方法。  相似文献   

8.
论森林生态系统与降水的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
降水与森林生态系统是作用与反作用的关系。因为降水量决定森林植被的存在与否 ,其次才是森林生态系统的水文功能发挥调节降水。但这种反作用是有限的 (如增加降水频率 ,减弱雨强而对年降水量无显著影响 )。事实上 ,规律性的大气环流与大地形及局部地形共同决定水汽的输送路径和输送量 ,从而决定降水总量。植树造林的根本目的是利用森林生态系统的水文生态功能和森林植被—土壤系统的水分涵养功能而产生的“时滞”效应 ,为水资源的有效利用创造条件。  相似文献   

9.
通过参加国际林联第24届世界林业大会, 结合会议论文和现场报告等资料可以看出, 森林和水不仅可以提供生态产品和服务, 而且还存在相互作用。研究森林和水的相互作用对于理解陆地生态系统功能、保护环境和应对气候变化具有重要意义。文中在了解全球森林和水相互作用研究现状的基础上, 总结森林与水研究的趋势和热点问题, 重点阐述在生态水文认知、干旱适应综合研究、土地利用变化与生态水文过程、森林和水管理及其生态系统服务等方面的研究进展, 以期借鉴国际森林和水生态系统保护、研究和管理理念, 拓宽我国生态水文及相关领域的研究思路。  相似文献   

10.
中国森林生态系统水源涵养功能分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据水源涵养的机理、森林的水文效应,对我国森林生态系统的水源涵养功能作了分析,并对我国不同地域的森林生态系统类型的水源涵养功能进行了综述。  相似文献   

11.
Climate is a critical factor affecting forest ecosystems and their capacity to produce goods and services. Effects of climate change on forests depend on ecosystem-specific factors including dimensions of climate (temperature, precipitation, drought, wind etc.). Available information is not sufficient to support a quantitative assessment of the ecological, social and economic consequences. The present study assessed shifts in forest cover types of Western Himalayan Eco-region (700?4500 m). 100 randomly selected samples (75 for training and 25 for testing the model), genetic algorithm of rule set parameters and climatic envelopes were used to assess the distribution of five prominent forest cover types (Temperate evergreen, Tropical semi-evergreen, Temperate conifer, Subtropical conifer, and Tropical moist deciduous forests). Modelling was conducted for four different scenarios, current scenario, changed precipitation (8% increase), changed temperature (1.07°C increase), and both changed temperature and precipitation. On increasing precipitation a downward shift in the temperate evergreen and tropical semi-evergreen was observed, while sub-tropical conifer and tropical moist-deciduous forests showed a slight upward shift and temperate conifer showed no shift. On increasing temperature, an upward shift in all forest types was observed except sub-tropical conifer forests without significant changes. When both temperature and precipitation were changed, the actual distribution was maintained and slight upward shift was observed in all the forest types except sub-tropical conifer. It is important to understand the likely impacts of the projected climate change on the forest ecosystems, so that better management and conservation strategies can be adopted for the biodiversity and forest dependent community. Knowledge of impact mechanisms also enables identification and mitigation of some of the conditions that increase vulnerability to climate change in the forest sector.  相似文献   

12.
13.
陕西省长江流域生态地貌功能分区与评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用10个主要生物气候指标,结合地形地貌及相的地带性植被和地带性土壤,对陕西省长江流域31个县(市)进行动态聚类综合分析,本区可归并为2个森林植物气候带,5个生态地貌功能区。即:低山丘陵区北亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林生物气候区,包括安康盆地,汉中盆地,热暖温带针阔混交林、针叶林生物气候区;包括秦岭南坡东部中山,低山区,秦岭南坡中、西部中、高山区和巴山北坡中山、低山。各生态地貌功能区的生物气候特征明显,符  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how forests on subtropical mountains, which resembled tropical and temperate forests, were assembled, and to examine the compression and overlap of vegetations. We established 344 sample plots (400 m2) located at different altitudinal gradients ranging from 16 to 3,500 m above sea level (ASL) in Hsueshan Range northern Taiwan. Vegetation types were classified by TWINSPAN and the results of DCA were used to analyze the changes in vegetation types along elevation. Vegetation I was composed of the species of Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Rubiaceae, which were taxa of tropical floristic elements, and the extent of this vegetation was limited below 1,500 m ASL. Vegetation II was defined into two subtypes, which were distributed from 1,000 to 2,500 m ASL, and were composed predominantly of Chamaecyparis and Tsuga, respectively. Our data also revealed that vegetation II contained co-dominants of species from families Lauraceae and Fagaceae. Moreover, evergreen broadleaved trees similar to tropical mountain forests were found to have narrower altitudinal ranges on subtropical mountains, whereas coniferous forests resembled temperate areas and were characterized by endemic conifer species. Vegetation III, from 2,500 to 3,500 m ASL, was characterized by endemic conifer species, Abies and Tsuga. Interestingly, deciduous forest was almost absent in this area and Fagus was the only tree type on a small mountain ridge. Data obtained from this study will help in raising conservation awareness for subtropical mountains since unique patterns of compression and overlap characteristics of tropical and temperate resembling forests were evident.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Beech trees occur in significantly lower latitudes in continental East Asia than in Europe and North America. They are common deciduous trees in the deciduous forests of the temperate zone in Europe, the eastern part of North America and Japan. In continental East Asia, however, they are absent in the deciduous forests of the temperate zone, but occur in the forests of mountains in the moist subtropical zone, south of 34° Northern Latitude. The lower limits of their distribution in these mountains show a significantly different pattern from the usual distribution pattern of plants and vegetation: it declines as the latitude decreases. The altitudinal belts of beech species lie higher in the northern than in the southern parts of their distribution areas in China. Based on an analysis of the climate and the phenology of these deciduous trees, we show that the prevailing monsoon conditions are the main factor affecting the distribution of the Chinese beech species.  相似文献   

17.
阔叶林发展的主要途径和模式选择   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
发展阔叶林是新时期林业建设的战略性工作。提出了阔叶林(含针阔混交林)发展的原则和主要途径,探索了阔叶林发展的主要树种和模式。  相似文献   

18.
We examined patterns of variation in richness, diversity, and composition of understory vascular plant communities in mixedwood boreal forests of varying composition (broadleaf, mixedwood, conifer) in Alberta, Canada, before and for 2 years following variable-retention harvesting (clearcut, 20 and 75% dispersed green tree retention, control). Broadleaf-dominated forests differed from mixedwood or conifer-dominated forests in that they had greater canopy cover, litter depth, soil nitrogen, warmer soils, as well as greater shrub cover, herb and shrub richness and diversity (plot scale). In contrast, conifer, and to a lesser extent mixedwood, forest had greater β diversity than broadleaf forest. Overall, mixedwood and conifer forests were similar to one another, both differed from broadleaf forest. Several species were found to be significant indicators of broadleaf forest but most of these also occurred in the other forest types. Understory composition was related to canopy composition and edaphic conditions. Variable-retention harvesting had little effect on understory cover, richness, or diversity but resulted in reduced richness and β diversity at a larger scale. The clearcut and 20% treatments affected composition in all forest types. Early successional species and those common in disturbed sites were indicators of harvesting while evergreen, shade-tolerant understory herbs were indicators of the control forest and 75% retention harvest. We conclude that it is important to maintain a range of variation in canopy composition of mixedwood forests in order to conserve the associated understory communities. The presence of conifers in these forests has a particularly important influence on understory communities. The threshold for a lifeboat effect of variable-retention harvesting is between 20 and 75% retention. Examination of richness and β diversity at a variety of scales can provide interesting information on effects of harvesting on spatial reorganization and homogenization of understory plant communities.  相似文献   

19.
无量山自然保护区南段4种森林类型的林地土壤特性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对设于云南省无量山自然保护区南段(景东段)常绿落叶阔叶混交林、中山湿性常绿阔叶林、山顶苔藓矮林、温凉性针叶林4种森林类型的10块监测样地的土壤进行了调查研究,结果表明:4种森林类型的林地土壤类型主要是黄棕壤、棕壤;其土壤的物理性状存在差异;10块样地土壤的有机质、有效氮、有效钾含量丰富,而全磷、有效磷的含量及盐基饱和度较低。在4种森林类型中,温凉性针叶林的林地土壤为砂壤,肥力较其它3种森林类型的林地土壤低。其他3种森林类型林地的土壤肥力没有较大的差异。  相似文献   

20.
We estimated the potential of plantation forests for the restoration of the original plant community. We compared the understory vegetation in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa [Sieb. et Zucc.] Endlicher) plantations at the understory re-initiation stage and in adjacent natural forests. To estimate the effect of the original natural forests on the understory species composition of plantation forests, we established study sites in five types of natural forests (mature evergreen broadleaf, mature deciduous broadleaf, mature evergreen coniferous, immature deciduous broadleaf warm-temperate, and immature deciduous broadleaf cool-temperate) and nearby plantation forests. The understory vegetation of the plantation forests had a higher species richness, a higher proportion of early-seral species, and a higher proportion of herb or fern species than the natural forests. The differences between natural and plantation forests varied according to the species composition of the natural forests. The composition of the understory vegetation of the plantations at the understory re-initiation stage was similar to that of the immature deciduous forests. The characteristics of immature, disturbed forests remained in the understory vegetation of the hinoki forests. No great loss of species was observed. Our findings suggest that most of the original forest species still survive in the understory of the plantation forests. These forests have the potential to follow the successional pathway to broadleaf or mixed forests via thinning or clear-cutting without planting.  相似文献   

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