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1.
对取自昆明两个香料厂的蓝桉叶油脚油进行系统的GC及GC-MS分析,在已检出的70余个成分中鉴定了48个化合物,证明其主要成分为α-松油醇(样品A:27.9%,样品B:5.5%)和(+)-香木兰烯(A:17.8%;B:26.8%)。其它成分有愈创木烯,别香木兰烯,表蓝桉醇,喇叭茶醇,古芸烯,双表喇叭茶醇(Diepipalustrol)等。它们可作为萸的前驱体化合物使用,即可经脱水,脱氢转化为萸类化合  相似文献   

2.
土蜂(Tiphiapopiliavora)是蛴螬的外寄生天敌,蜜源植物在土蜂的生活中起着重要作用。据观察,土蜂蜜源植物主要有以下几种:蛇床(Cuidiummonnieri)、水芹(Oenanthejavania)、老山芹(Heracleummoelendorffi)、茴香(Foeniculumvulagre)、珍珠梅(Sorbariasorbifolia)、东方蓼(Polygonumorientale)、香蓼(Polygonumviscosum)、老牛错(Carduuscrispus)、烟管蓟(Crisiumpendlum  相似文献   

3.
青梅的迁地保护研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文报道了国家三级保护植物青梅(Vatical mangachapoi)在我国迁地栽培的结果,表明该树种生长较快,树高、胸径年平均生长量为0.61~0.73m和0.82~1.15cm,超过原产地和其它引种地同龄的植株;抽梢萌芽、开花结果均比原产地有所推迟;种子不耐贮藏,应随采随播,种子发芽率可达96.7%,利用种子已繁衍了3代并扩大种植186株。木材极耐腐耐水湿,材质坚硬,为我国优良工业用材,值得在我国热带地区大力发展。  相似文献   

4.
云南紫荆(CercisyunnanensisHuetcheng)是1种良好的庭园绿化树种和石灰岩山地的造林树种。在对滇中云南紫荆集中分布区进行调查的基础上,通过分析云南紫荆矮林群落的植物成分和生态特征,对该树种的生物学特性及生态习性,适宜的生境条件有了较深刻的认识,为云南紫荆的引种驯化及栽培提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
松针叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏挥发物质化学组成的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
松针叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质含量与树种有关。分析鉴定表明:马尾松叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质含量为2%~4%,从该挥发物质分离出的30个色谱峰中鉴定出24个化合物,其中主要成分为a-蒎烯(21.24%)、β-蒎烯(9.63%)和长叶烯(21.83%)。鉴定出的组分占总挥发物质的94.12%;赤松叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质的含量为3%~5%。从该挥发物质分离出的30个色谱峰中鉴定出24个化合物,其中主要成分为a-揽香烯(21.90%)、a-香柠檬烯(14.16%)和长叶烯(9.70%),已鉴定组分占总挥发物质的95.89%;樟子松叶绿素。胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质的含量为4%~6%,从该挥发物质分离出的30个色谱峰中鉴定出24个化合物,其中主要成分为、木罗烯(16.23%)、a-草烯(9.24%)和乙酸龙脑酯(8.20%)等,鉴定出的组分占总挥发物质的94.00%  相似文献   

6.
普陀鹅耳枥(CarpinusputoensisCheng)属国家濒危种,二级重点保护植物,九江珍稀濒危植物种质库和庐山植物园,为拯救此物种,先后赴浙江舟山、杭州引种,分别植于庐山海拔120m和1100m,经两地4~8年培植,在低海拔处,幼树年平均高达89.0cm,地径达0.92cm,其中4年生幼树,最高达411.0cm,地径达5.0cm。在高海拔处,幼树年平均高达60cm,地径达0.83cm,有好于原产地之势。并在九江珍稀濒危植物种质库,经无性(嫁接)和有性繁殖苗木,已达50余株。从而,普陀鹅耳沥在庐山移地保存扎了根。  相似文献   

7.
九嶷香杉精油的化学成分   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机(GC/MSD)联用技术.首次研究了九嶷香杉精油的化学成分,鉴定出38种化合物.主要成分为柏木脑(cedrol)24.8%,α-蒎烯(α-pinene)17.5%,柏木烯(α-cedrene)13.25%,γ-荜澄茄烯(γ-cedinene)7.5%,柠檬烯(limonene)3.55%,榄香烯(elemene)3.2%.其次是α-檀香烯(α-santalene),β-檀香醇(β-santnlol),月桂烯酸(myrcenol),1.8-桉叶素(1.8-cineole)等化合物.此外,本文还报道了在杉木精油中首次发现的21种化合物.  相似文献   

8.
贵州特有种子植物种质资源与利用评价研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
邹天才 《林业科学》2001,37(3):46-57
贵州植物区系起源古老,特有和孑遗种类较多。贵州特有种子植物约有280余种,分属66科、144属,占全种子植物科属种的比值分别为33.8%、10.3%和5.3%,而且分布31个中国特有单型属和黔苣苔属(Tegia)、辐花苣苔属(Thamnocharis)、假胡麻属(Centrantheropsis)和歧柱蟹甲草属(Dicercodados) 4个贵州特有属。这些贵州特有植物是贵州森林资源组成的不同替代成分,并都具有多种生物学和重大经济价值。本文从重要用材林和园林观赏树种中遴选出如梵净山冷杉(Abies fanjingshanensis) 等60余种,对其自然分布地域及生境、经济价值及利用评价、资源现状、种质资源的保护与利用、狭限分布机理等进行了广泛的调查和统计分析;选择20种代表植物开展引种栽培与种苗扩繁试验取得了成功,其原产地与引入地海拔高度相近地区(1000m左右)的物种植株迁地栽培成活率和采种播种出苗纺的概率加权平均值均较高(75%-95%),并且这两和数学期望值的坐标 曲线极为相似;供试植物的扩繁系数为0.61-1。还提出了贵州特有植物种质资源的可持续利用途径及模式探讨。  相似文献   

9.
魔芋北移引种试验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
进行了12年的魔芋北移引种试验。结果表明,魔芋引种在陕西渭河流域,能够完全生育周期,产量和品质与原产地无显著差异;魔于引种在陕西榆林和辽宁盖县,能够生长,品质与原产地相近,产量略低于原产地。在引种区栽培魔芋的最佳参数是:渭河流域播种期4月下旬,陕西榆林毛乌素沙区和盖县播种期4;球茎种重350-500g种植,种植密度50cm*50cm,荫蔽度50%-60%,采收期;渭河流域10月下旬,榆林毛乌素沙区  相似文献   

10.
榛子种子的贮藏与繁殖技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
榛子(CorylusheterophyllaFisch.),又称平榛、榛,属榛科(Corylaceae)榛属(Cory-lus)植物。其果仁富含营养及多种矿物质元素,为我国北方重要野生坚果和食用油料树种。野生榛子多为萌生起源,寿命短,抗逆性差,持续结实时间较实生植株缩短57%;以营养繁殖建立的榛园更新周期短,相对成本提高;实生榛子寿命长,抗逆性强,结实期持续时间长。但由于榛子以萌生繁殖极其容易,因此,对榛子种子贮藏与繁殖技术研究资料不多,而该项技术为榛子引种与栽培实验所必须。1研究方法1.1材料…  相似文献   

11.
杨梅树叶、皮、根部精油成分及其抗氧化活性物质   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
采用GC-MS技术结合Kovats保留指数(KI)对比法分析鉴定了采自南岭自然保护区的乌杨梅(Myrica rubravar.astropureaTsen.)叶、皮和根部芳香精油的成分,同时运用薄层层析(TLC)筛分法对其抗氧化活性物质进行了对比分析。杨梅树根和树皮精油的主要成分为5-羟基菖蒲烯(相对含量分别为74.66%和60.32%)和油酸(7.74%和11.39%),而树叶精油的主体成分为5-羟基菖蒲烯(30.44%)、石竹烯(11.61%)、异石竹烯(10.17%)、(E)-橙花叔醇(9.57%)和油酸(4.40%)。树根、树皮到树叶部位的次生代谢物明显出现越来越复杂的分化特性。5-羟基菖蒲烯是3个部位精油的主要抗氧化活性物质,但叶部精油中的倍半萜烯类物质也表现出一定的二苯代苦味酰(DPPH)自由基清除活性。  相似文献   

12.
The essential oils obtained from fifteen relevant and commonly used plants belonging to Cruciferae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Apiaceae, and Zingiberaceae were screened using an in vitro model of peroxynitrite-induced tyrosine nitration. Almost complete inhibition of 3-nitrotyrosine formation (91% at 300 microg/ml) was achieved only with the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Laurus nobilis. 1,8-Cineol, accounting for a 50% of this essential oil, which resulted as inactive in this model, thus evidencing a major role for the minor volatile compounds present in the leaves.  相似文献   

13.
The present study focused on inhibitory activity of freshly extracted essential oils from three legal (THC < 0.2% w/v) hemp varieties (Carmagnola, Fibranova and Futura) on microbial growth. The effect of different sowing times on oil composition and biological activity was also evaluated. Essential oils were distilled and then characterized through the gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thereafter, the oils were compared to standard reagents on a broad range inhibition of microbial growth via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Microbial strains were divided into three groups: i) Gram (+) bacteria, which regard to food-borne pathogens or gastrointestinal bacteria, ii) Gram (?) bacteria and iii) yeasts, both being involved in plant interactions. The results showed that essential oils of industrial hemp can significantly inhibit the microbial growth, to an extent depending on variety and sowing time. It can be concluded that essential oils of industrial hemp, especially those of Futura, may have interesting applications to control spoilage and food-borne pathogens and phytopathogens microorganisms.  相似文献   

14.
野生和人工栽培缬草香精油的GC/MS分析对比研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
应用GC/MS/DS分析对比研究野生和人工栽培香料油,分别鉴定出34个和28个化合物,两种香精油其相组分21个。占总精油组分的91%-96%,主成分基本相同,占精油总量的78%-85%,其成分上的差异对其在香料工业、日化、食品、饮料、医药工业上的应用没有影响,为缬草开发利用建立家种缬草原料基地,保证缬草香料油工业化生产提供依据。  相似文献   

15.
The essential oils of four medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae were explored for phytonematode control. The four oils inhibited (P<0.05) nematode motility butMentba spicata was generally more effective in reducing the numbers of active nematodes followed byThymus vulgaris, Majorana bortensis andMentba longifolia. The main corresponding compound of each oil, determined by GLC analysis, was carvone (58.14%), P-cymene (40.5%), terpinen-4-ol (41.6%) and carvone (70.36%). Soil stages of the reniform nematode were more affected by the oil than those of the ring and lance nematodes. When transferred to water, the total nematodes that regained their activeness ranged from 12% forT. vulgaris to 60% forM. longifolia. The four 0.1 oil solutions inhibited more than to about 3.5% at the control. The content of oxygenated compounds in these oils ranged from 45.79% to 96.5% and may be partially responsible for the nematicidal effects.  相似文献   

16.
对韩国品种种植于韩国(KvKc),中国品种种植于中国(CvCc),和中国品种种植于韩国(CvKc),韩国品种种植于中国(KvCc)等4种芝麻样品的化学成分进行了比较。4品种芝麻的出油率分别为47.8%,48.8%,48.6%和46.3%。色度检测(L值),KvKc和CvCc芝麻油表现为暗褐色,而KvKc颜色较浅。KvKc和CvCc芝麻油中的中性脂质、聚脂和磷脂含量分别为93.2%,6.6%,0.2%和94.7%,4.6%,0.8%。KvKc和CvCc中主要为不饱和脂肪酸,如油酸和亚油酸,二者总脂肪酸组成几乎相同,为84.6%,而KvKc中油酸和亚油酸组成为47.1%和37.5%,CvCc中为46.5%和44.3%。必需氨基酸的含量,CvCc和CvKc分别是428mg%和391mg%,比韩国品种的芝麻中的含量要高。  相似文献   

17.
【目的】植物精油是一类安全环保且具有抑菌特性的天然产物,在木材霉变防治领域的应用潜力很大。开展植物精油对我国常见木材霉菌及变色菌的综合抑菌效力的研究,可为天然环保型木材霉变防治剂的开发提供重要依据。【方法】配制经植物精油修正的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基,通过评价霉变菌在培养基中的生长状况,对比分析19种植物精油对6种木材霉变菌的抑菌效力。【结果】在体积分数为0.05%的条件下,19种植物精油对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger、桔青霉Penicillam citrinum、绿色木霉Trichoderma viride、可可球二孢Botryodiplodia theobromae、串珠镰刀菌Fusarium moniliforme和链格孢霉Alternaria alternata的抑菌效力分别为0~100%、0~100%、0~100%、0~100%、11%~100%和20%~100%。聚类分析表明,肉桂、丁香花和百里香精油的综合抑菌效力最高,在体积分数0.05%的条件下对6种霉变菌的抑菌效力均达到100%,而尤加利、甜橙和松树精油的综合抑菌效力最低。相关分析表明,植物精油对6种霉变菌的抑菌效力之间均表现出显著相关性(P=0.01),其Pearson相关系数为0.777~0.959。【结论】不同植物精油的抑菌效力之间表现出较大差异,肉桂、丁香花和百里香精油是可以用于木材霉变防治的较优品种。  相似文献   

18.
Damiana is a medicinal plant with many traditional uses and a reputation as an aphrodisiac. Essential oils produced by this plant are used in traditional medicine, and for the preparation of liquors and tea. The composition of essential oils from wild damiana, plants grown with micropropagated methods involving cell suspension, and explants in solid medium, is presented. Relevant differences are observed in oils coming from wild and micropropagated plants, where micropropagated plants being more uniform with respect to quality and quantity. The most abundant constituents of the oils were caryophyllene oxide, caryophyllene, delta-cadinene, elemene and 1,8-cineol.  相似文献   

19.
Eucalyptus plants cultivated in greenhouses, nurseries and clonal minigardens are vulnerable to attack of Oidium eucalypti (powdery mildew). Essential oils and decoctions prepared from the traditional Brazilian medicinal plants Aloysia gratissima, Cordia verbenacea and Hyptis marrubioides have been shown to be effective in the control of some plant diseases. In this study, the local and systemic effects of these preparations in the control of O. eucalypti were evaluated by assessing the progress of the disease in saplings of a highly susceptible hybrid population of eucalyptus (‘urocam’). The systemic effects were also assessed by investigating the ability of the preparations to induce disease resistance, as indicated by increased peroxidase activity. The natural products were found to be as effective as a commercial fungicide (mixture of pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole) for the control of Oeucalypti in eucalyptus plants under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the essential oil and decoction of A. gratissima were able to exert systemic control over O. eucalypti and induce peroxidase activity in Oidium‐inoculated plants. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the oils and decoctions from the three species exhibited direct fungitoxic activities on O. eucalypti as shown by lysis of hyphal walls and shrinking of conidia. The results presented herein suggest that oils and decoctions from A. gratissima, C. verbenacea and H. marrubioides may offer an effective, practical and ecofriendly strategy for the control of O. eucalypti in eucalyptus.  相似文献   

20.
The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the leaves of Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus, Pistacia lentiscus and the resin of Pistacia lentiscus were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. alpha-Pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol were found to be the major components. The antifungal activities of the above oils and P. lentiscus resin (total, acidic and neutral fractions) against the growth of three agricultural pathogens, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sambucinum were evaluated. Some doses of P. terebinthus, P. vera and P. lentiscus leaf oils and total and neutral fraction of P. lentiscus resin significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. However, all samples did not show antifungal activity against P. ultimum and F. sambucinum, but increased the growth of F. sambucinum.  相似文献   

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