基于SBE法的北京城市绿道植物景观美景度评价

在全面踏查北京市现有绿道的基础上,选取60个典型绿道植物群落景观为研究对象,采用心理物理学派的景观美景度评价法(SBE法)对其植物景观进行美学质量评价。结果表明:影响植物群落景观美景度的主要因子为植物物种组成、植物群落结构、树种彩色效果以及林冠线优美程度。不同群体在城市绿道植物景观审美方面存在普遍的一致性。物种组成相对丰富、群落结构乔灌草复层搭配、色彩相对鲜艳,而且林冠线优美动感、林缘线曲折自由的植物景观更受群众的欢迎。     

陇东老区农业发展中的几个关系

一、林业与农业的关系 在甘肃省陇东老区农业结构中，种植业比重达70％以上，林业约占7％，50％的土地属于荒山、荒坡，森林覆盖率却只有20％多一点。林业比重明显偏低。要改变这种状况，一是必须努力保护和扩大国有子午岭天然林区，积极争取林线逐步向外延伸。二是积极探索林区、林缘区产业结构新模式，试行以林为主，农业向林业的产业转移。     

广州公园植物景观构成初探

公园植物景观的研究对于城市园林的发展具有推动意义，通过对广州各公园植物景观的全面调查，结合树木的不同组合形式及相应的植物配置实例，从植物设计的平面构成，立面构成，色彩构成三方面初步研究了广州公园植物景观的构成，并总结出林缘线与林冠线设计的几种主要形式。     

林缘带燃烧性及点烧技术研究

山东森林属农业发达地区森林，农林地界紧连，森林火灾主要由林外荒火向林内蔓延形成。根据森林燃烧环网理论，划分了３个林缘地带类型和３个燃烧性类型；对火环境研究表明，林缘地带燃烧性强，是预防森林火灾工作的重点。传统上对林缘带人工清除可燃物，既不经济也不现实，经对林缘采用以火防火的试点烧证明，技术上可行、安全，经济上合算。试点烧总结了林缘点烧种点，控火技术及点烧季节，时机，点烧组织和方法。     

林缘带燃烧性及点烧技术研究

林缘带燃烧性及点烧技术研究郭衡，马洪奎，程谋策（山东农业大学）（昌乐县孤山林场）在林缘地带用火防火的试验和研究。在山东省尚属首次．根据山东农区林业特点、研究林缘地带地表可燃物燃烧性、点烧技术和火行为指标．具有极重要的实际意义和经济效益。ｌ材料与方法１...     

改侧柏林缘为阻火林带可行性分析

应用生物阻火层次分析法，分析侧柏可燃物、侧柏树种、侧柏林分、侧柏林缘带类型４个层次生物阻火条件和能力。认为侧柏虽属易燃树种，但不同侧柏林分仍具有一定的阻隔火功能，主要取决于林分郁闭状况，且林分郁闭度在０．６以上可满足阻隔火的气象条件。据此划分林缘带类型，提出改侧柏林缘为阻火林带具有现实意义和可行性     

绿竹生物带防火效能试验及应用研究

选择绿竹作为山脚林缘防火生物带，以木荷、杉木、马尾松等树种为对照，进行防火性能和阻火效果试验研究，对绿竹防火生物带的配套应用技术进行了试验与总结，并对比分析了不同防火工程类型经济效益问题，旨在为选择一种既有较好的防火效果，又有较高的经济效益，并易于推广应用的山脚林缘生物防火带提供科学依据与配套应用技术。     

阔叶林下人工更新红松幼树光合作用研究

利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,对天然次生林下、林缘、林窗环境中红松幼树的净光合速率进行测定,同时记录光合生理因子和环境因子。分析了林下、林缘、林窗不同条件下红松幼树的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、光能利用率、水分利用率日进程及其差异。结果表明：日平均气温林下〈林缘〈林窗;空气相对湿度林下〉林缘〉林窗;林窗阳面叶光合有效辐射呈单峰型曲线,阳面叶光合有效辐射最大值林窗〉林缘〉林下;红松幼树净光合速率阳面叶大于阴面叶,林窗处阳面叶净光合速率日变化呈单峰型曲线,林缘呈双峰型曲线,林下呈多峰型曲线,净光合速率最大值林窗〉林缘〉林下;红松阳面叶的光能利用率林下〉林缘〉林窗;红松阳面叶蒸腾速率日变化呈单峰型曲线,且蒸腾速率林窗〉林缘〉林下,阳面叶〉阴面叶;红松阳面叶水分利用率林下〉林窗〉林缘,阳面叶水分利用率〉阴面叶水分利用率。     

红脂大小蠹诱捕效果影响因素分析

采用在红松纯林不同位置放置诱捕器的方法,分析了影响红脂大小蠹诱捕的因素。结果表明：距林缘距离越大,诱捕效果越差;对于林内、林外和林缘来说,林缘诱捕效果最好;随着郁闭度的增大,诱捕数量减少。因此,在用诱捕器防治红脂大小蠹时,应将诱捕器放置在林缘或者郁闭度较小的地方。     

广州市海珠区赤岗涌景观品质提升改造

以海珠区赤岗涌景观提升改造为例,基于现状对项目进行SWOT分析,制定精简、细致、节约、生态的改造原则及适当修剪树形、丰富景观天际线和林缘线、注重景观细节处理、营造岭南景观文化的改造方法。有效改善了赤岗涌的周边环境,保留了其原汁原味的岭南水乡景观底蕴。     

长沙市边缘区城市森林景观格局梯度分析

本文以2003年长沙市森林资源二类清查数据和2003年TM遥感数据为主要信息源,借助3s技术平台,运用景观生态学原理和方法对长沙市边缘区城市森林进行了景观格局梯度分析,结果表明：在斑块类型水平上,城市森林景观类型在样带梯度上表现出明显的“梯度特征”,城市森林在沿样带移动过程中,大致呈“V”型分布,其景观比例在城市外边缘处最大;在景观水平上,城市森林在中心城区分布最少,但较为集中,破碎化程度不高,形状比较规则,在向边缘区移动的过程中,其分布趋于零碎化,形状趋于自然。     

重庆主城区城市边缘的景观梯度变化分析

城市边缘区是城市的边界,兼具城市和乡村景观特征,是特殊的城乡过渡带.山地城市受地形影响,城市边缘区景观还具有特殊的梯度变化.选取重庆主城区铜锣山西坡的南山立交区域作为研究对象,运用景观生态学原理,从用地类型、林地组成特点、林地郁闭度等角度,分析重庆主城区城市边缘区伴随海拔变化呈现的景观梯度变化.总结在山地条件下城市边缘区的景观特点.     

Factors affecting changes in a landscape structure dominated by both primary and coppice forests in theFagus crenata forest region of central Japan

In order to clarify the effects of both the social and natural environment on the changes in landscape structure we analyzed landscape elements using aerial photographs taken in different years in the primary and coppice forests in theFagus crenata forest region of central Japan. The present landscape diversity calculated by Shannon's diversity index (H′) appeared to be higher than that observed in photographs from the earlier year. The site with no residential areas and dominated by primary forests had a lower level of landscape diversity than the site which included some residential areas and coppice forests. These results show that the intensity of human activities contributes to changes in landscape diversity. The landscape diversity on private land was higher than that in the national forest, and the changes in landscape structure in the national forest were different from those seen on private land. This suggests that land ownership significantly affects the changes in landscape structure. Topographic factors also affect the changes in landscape structure. Consequently, not only the natural environment (topography), but also the social environment (intensity of human activity and land ownership) strongly influence the changes in landscape structure.     

勐腊县林地景观格局分析

利用2006年勐腊县森林资源二类调查数据,在ARCGIS 9和FRAGSTAT 3.3软件支持下,选取有代表性的林地景观格局指标:景观斑块密度、分维数、聚集度、破碎化、多样性指数、优势度、均匀度等来描述勐腊县林地景观格局.结果显示研究区优势度较低,异质性不高;景观中有一定的优势类型,以自然景观占优势.橡胶林景观破碎化程度较低,斑块较为完整.混交林景观连通性好,结构稳定.半自然景观、农地景观破碎化程度较高.     

勐腊县林地景观格局分析

利用2006年勐腊县森林资源二类调查数据，在ARCGIS9和FRAGSTAT3．3软件支持下，选取有代表性的林地景观格局指标：景观斑块密度、分维数、聚集度、破碎化、多样性指数、优势度、均匀度等来描述勐腊县林地景观格局。结果显示研究区优势度较低，异质性不高；景观中有一定的优势类型，以自然景观占优势。橡胶林景现破碎化程度较低，斑块较为完整。混交林景观连通性好，结构稳定。半自然景观、农地景观破碎化程度较高。     

森林美剖析—主论森林植物的形式美

本文强调了森林美的多重性，系统地阐述了森林美的各种层次，分析了森林植物自然美的特征，并提出了森林植物自然美的构景原理，将路离和审美对象尺度两者相结合把森林植物景观区分为７个层次，即（１）细部景观；（２）个体景观；（３）林内景观；（４）林道景观；（５）近景观；（６）中景观，（７）远景观。对各个层次的界定主要构景因子进行了系统的说明，提出了在对森森景观进行评判研究时必须明确其对象的层次归属，最后，对１５个构景因子的近景，中景，远景中的重要性差异作了分析比较。     

Landscape pattern and diversity of natural secondary forests in the eastern mountainous region, northeast China： A case study of Mao＇ershan region in HeUongjiang Province

Mao‘ershan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, northeast of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Mao‘erhshan region were sudied by combining the forest type map (1:10 000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation and land utilization map (1:10 000). The selected indices included patch number, patch size, patch density index, richness index,dominance index, evenness index and diversity index. The results showed that the landscape dominant forest type in Mao‘ershan region was softwood broad-leaved forest. In all landscape types, the average patch area of natural secondary forests was bigger than that of artificial forest. The patch density index of each landscape formed in artificial forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index of natural forest were highest, the landscape heterogeneity was also, but the landscape dominance was lower. In natural forest, the control effects of landscape elements on landscape-structure, function and its change were weakened. The artificial forest was on the contrary.     

Simulating restoration strategies for a southern boreal forest landscape with complex land ownership patterns

Restoring altered forest landscapes toward their ranges of natural variability (RNV) may enhance ecosystem sustainability and resiliency, but such efforts can be hampered by complex land ownership and management patterns. We evaluated restoration potential for southern-boreal forests in the ∼2.1 million ha Border Lakes Region of northern Minnesota (U.S.A.) and Ontario (Canada), where spatially distinct timber harvest and fire suppression histories have differentially altered forest conditions (composition, age–class distribution, and landscape structure) among major management areas, effectively resulting in forest landscape “bifurcation.” We used a forest landscape simulation model to evaluate potential for four hypothetical management and two natural disturbance scenarios to restore forest conditions and reduce bifurcation, including: (1) a current management scenario that simulated timber harvest and fire suppression practices among major landowners; (2) three restoration scenarios that simulated combinations of wildland fire use and cross-boundary timber harvest designed to emulate natural disturbance patterns; (3) a historical natural disturbance scenario that simulated pre-EuroAmerican settlement fire regimes and windthrow; and (4) a contemporary fire regime that simulated fire suppression, but no timber harvest. Forest composition and landscape structure for a 200-year model period were compared among scenarios, among major land management regions within scenarios, and to six RNV benchmarks. The current management scenario met only one RNV benchmark and did not move forest composition, age–class distribution, or landscape structures toward the RNV, and it increased forest landscape bifurcation between primarily timber-managed and wilderness areas. The historical natural disturbance scenario met five RNV benchmarks and the restoration scenarios as many as five, by generally restoring forest composition, age–class distributions, and landscape structures, and reducing bifurcation of forest conditions. The contemporary natural disturbance scenario met only one benchmark and generally created a forest landscape dominated by large patches of late-successional, fire-prone forests. Some forest types (e.g., white and red pine) declined in all scenarios, despite simulated restoration strategies. It may not be possible to achieve all objectives under a single management scenario, and complications, such as fire-risk, may limit strategies. However, our model suggests that timber harvest and fire regimes that emulate natural disturbance patterns can move forest landscapes toward the RNV.     

基于MapInfo的塞罕坝地区植被景观空间结构分析

运用景观生态学原理,借助M apInfo技术,选取斑块密度、边缘密度、景观多样性、景观优势度等指标,分析塞罕坝地区不同地貌下景观类型的空间分布和空间格局特征,深入探讨了森林景观的林分类型、起源和分布特点,结果显示塞罕坝山地的斑块密度、边缘密度、破碎度,分别都高于沙地和曼甸,但山地的景观多样性低于曼甸和沙地。森林景观以落叶针叶林面积最大,为38 306.7 hm2,其次是阔叶林和常绿针叶林,分别为16 470.5hm2,9 455.5hm2,灌木林和混交林面积最小。曼甸以落叶针叶林景观优势度最高,且多为落叶松人工纯林;山地以落叶针叶林和阔叶林景观优势度较高,其中,阔叶林多为天然次生林,树种以桦树为主;沙地以落叶针叶林和常绿针叶林优势度较高,其常绿针叶林多为人工樟子松纯林。     

森林景观资产等级评价

选择景观面积、游人规模和森林景观质量等三个指标对森林景观资产类型进行等级期分并评估了北京市各森林景观资源类型的资产等级。