复合发泡剂对纳米防火涂料阻燃性能的影响

采用HC-2 氧指数测定仪、HRR3热释放率系统等仪器,测定表面涂覆不同配比发泡剂的纳米聚氨酯防火涂料的马尾松胶合板试件的燃烧热释放率(HRR)和氧指数值,并比较纳米SiO2的用量对试件阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:1)复合发泡剂的较佳配比尿素与双氰胺为1∶3;2)随着纳米SiO2在基料中加入量的增加,试件的氧指数值显著增大,最高热释放率、2 min总热释放量显著降低,但加入量＞3%以后,其各项指标变化不大,且成本显著增加.     

膨胀型水性改性氨基树脂木材阻燃涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能

以聚乙酸乙烯酯树脂(PVAc)与脲醛树脂(UF)共混物为成膜物质,磷酸脒基脲(GUP)-聚磷酸铵(APP)-季戊四醇(PER)-三聚氰胺(MEL)为膨胀阻燃体系,制得膨胀型水性氨基树脂阻燃涂料(C).利用锥型量热仪(CONE)分别对市售阻燃涂料(A)、自制阻燃涂料成膜树脂(B)、自制膨胀型阻燃涂料(C)涂敷的胶合板以及胶合板素板(S-JHB)进行系统测试和对比分析.结果表明:阻燃涂料C大幅度降低了胶合板的热释放速率(HRR)和总热释放量(THR),提高了残余物质量分数(Mass),显著延长了点燃时间(TTI),降低了CO释放速率(PCO)、烟释放速率(SPR)和总烟释放量(TSP),具有十分优秀的阻燃性能和抑烟性能并且明显优于商品涂料A.热重分析(TGA)结果显示:阻燃涂料C中成膜物质的热解过程由于膨胀阻燃体系的加入而变得缓慢,并且成炭效果显著.     

阻燃型水性丙烯酸木器涂料的研究

为了改善涂料的阻燃性能,以水性丙烯酸乳液为基料制备了水性丙烯酸阻燃木器涂料。探讨聚磷酸铵(APP)-漂珠协效阻燃剂对水性丙烯酸阻燃涂料阻燃性能的影响。采用氧指数(OI)和锥形量热仪(CONE)试验对阻燃性能进行分析,结果表明:在APP的基础上添加漂珠所组成的协效阻燃涂料氧指数可达到28.7%,相比于未添加阻燃剂的水性丙烯酸涂料提高了31.8%。同时,协效阻燃剂能够降低涂料的热释放速率和烟释放速率,减少总热释放量和烟释放量;相比于仅添加APP的阻燃涂料,APP-漂珠协效阻燃涂料在燃烧过程中峰值热释放速率(pk HRR)降低了17.3%,烟释放总量(TSP)降低了12.9%,并且具有更好的阻燃抑烟效果,有利于促进木材成炭,减少CO和CO_2等烟雾毒气释放,降低火灾危险。     

有机膨胀型防火涂料

有机膨胀型防火涂料ＺＱ－９６０有机膨胀型防火涂料是一种以合成树脂乳液为基料，以水为分散介质，并选用多种新型阻燃剂复合而成的新型防火涂料。该涂料无毒无污染，不燃不爆，施工方便，干燥快，阻燃性能优良。可广泛用于礼堂、影院、宾馆、科研院所、学校、医院、机关...     

超薄膨胀型钢结构防火防腐涂料

现有的防火涂料和防腐蚀涂料都只有单一功能,很大程度上限制了它们的应用领域,本发明采用高氯化聚乙烯和自行合成的有机硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂为主要成膜物质,并在通常所用的聚磷酸氨类防火助剂的基础上,加入三聚氰胺磷酸盐和可发性膨胀石墨作为发泡材料组成,大大提高了涂层的发泡率,发泡层厚度可达原涂层厚度的30至50倍,耐火极限可达90分钟(厚度涂层2mm)。本发明具有如下优点:1.由于本发明的防火涂料是在通常所用的聚磷酸氨类防火助剂的基础上,加入三聚氰胺磷酸盐作为成碳催化剂和发泡剂,并且加入膨胀石墨作为发泡材料,该膨胀石墨是一类天然矿…     

竹丝炭化时间对风力发电机叶片阻燃性能的影响

风力发电站常常安装在偏远的海岛、高山或沙漠地区,叶片在使用过程中常受到高温、闪电、野火等等不利因素的影响而烧损,因此,风电叶片材料阻燃性能的选择就显得十分重要.采用HRR3热释放率系统、HC-2氧指数测定仪等仪器,测定并分析经由不同炭化时间处理的竹丝制造的竹增强复合材料的阻燃性能.结果表明:竹丝经10 min炭化处理制造的竹增强复合材料,试件在HRR3热释放率系统测试实验中产生的热释放量峰值最低(99.44 kw/m2),且在5 min内总热释放量最低(339.15 kW·min/m2),氧指数值最高(52),其阻燃性能较好.     

天然矿物粉阻燃涂料

阻燃涂料按基料来分,可分为无机型和有机型。无机型阻燃涂料是以无机粘接剂为基料;有机型阻燃涂料以天然的或合成的有机树脂、有机乳液为基料;从阻燃方式来分,可分为非膨胀型和膨胀型。     

可膨胀石墨与聚磷酸铵对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的协同阻燃作用(英文)

采用锥形量热仪(CONE)研究可膨胀石墨(EG)与聚磷酸铵(APP)对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的协同阻燃作用。CONE测试结果表明:EG和APP均可降低木粉/聚丙烯复合体系的热释放速率(HRR)、总热释放(THR)和烟释放速率(RSR),提高成炭率;与APP相比,EG表现出更好的抑烟效果。当EG与APP的总添加量为15%、复配比例为2∶1时,能形成稳定致密的膨胀炭层,阻燃协同效应显著。力学性能测试结果表明:即使在马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯相容剂(MAPP)的存在下,EG和APP阻燃剂的添加对复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度仍有不利影响,但EG的添加可提高复合材料的弯曲模量。     

用CONE法研究膨胀型阻燃聚乙稀的燃烧性能

用锥形量热法研究了膨胀型阻燃剂对低密度聚乙烯燃烧和发烟性能的影响.结果表明：当膨胀型阻燃剂引入低密度聚乙烯时,热释放速率峰值从466kW·m^-2下降为244kW·m^-2,总热释放量从91.05MJ·m^-2降低为77.09MJ·m^-2;在整个燃烧过程中,质量损失速率明显降低,残重显著增加.有效燃烧热分析结果表明：膨胀型阻燃剂对低密度聚乙烯的阻燃作用主要是凝聚相阻燃机理;膨胀型阻燃低密度聚乙烯与未阻燃低密度聚乙烯相比,烟释放速度峰值相当,但前者的总烟释放量大;在低密度聚乙烯中引入膨胀型阻燃剂燃烧时尾气中CO浓度增大,CO2浓度降低.CONE研究结果表明：膨胀型阻燃剂对低密度聚乙烯具有显著的阻燃作用,但在阻燃的同时使其发烟量和CO量增大.     

过渡金属氧化物对木粉/PVC复合材料燃烧性能的影响

用锥形量热仪(CONE)和热重分析法(TGA)研究金属氧化物CuO、La2O<,3>和TiO2对木粉/PVC复合材料(WF-PVC)燃烧性能的影响.结果表明,这3种过渡金属氧化物的加入对WF-PVC均有阻燃作用.其中,CuO使热释放速率(HRR)和总热释放量(THR)降低较多,阻燃效果明显;加入金属氧化物使WF-PVC的烟释放速率(SPR)和总烟释放量(TSP)都有所降低,其中,CuO在有焰燃烧阶段烟释放量最低,抑烟效果最好.这3种氧化物都能增加成炭量.结合热重分析的结果,3种金属氧化物对WF-PVC的热降解影响是不同的.PVC和木粉之间存在相互作用,PVC显著促进了木粉的热降解,木粉的加入推迟了PVC的降解,明显提高了PVC体系的成炭量;WF-PVC的热降解行为,具有更多的PVC降解的特征.     

Combustion gas toxicity,hygroscopicity, and adhesive strength of plywood treated with flame retardants

Summary The results of tests of combustion toxicity, hygroscopicity, and adhesive strength for fire retardant-treated plywood are described. The plywood was prepared from veneers treated with diammonium phosphate and ammonium bromide, and from glue mixed with poly (ammonium phosphate). Furthermore, the plywood boards were coated with boric acid. High ammonium phosphate and low or 0 ammonium bromide contents with the boric acid-coatings gave the greatest improvement in the combustion toxicity. Influence of almost all the treatments on the hygroscopicity was not significant. In all treatments the dry adhesive strength and the cyclic boil adhesive strength were slightly and considerably reduced, respectively.     

Effects of intumescent formulation for acrylic-based coating on flame-retardancy of painted red lauan (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Parashorea</Emphasis> spp.) thin plywood

Acrylic emulsion based painted red lauan plywood (Parashorea spp.) is most commonly used for indoor furnishings. This study investigated the enhancement of the fire retardance of painted plywood by interaction among four major components of intumescent formulation: (1) acrylic emulsion resin as binder resin (BR), (2) pentaerythritol as carbonizing substance (CS), (3) melamine as foam producing substance (FPS) and (4) ammonium polyphosphate as dehydrating agent (DA). Effects of changing BR/CS ratios (designated as FRA series) and FPS/DA ratios (designated as FRM series) on flame-retardance of painted plywood were investigated using a cone calorimeter. The intumescent formulation significantly enhanced fire retardancy of painted plywood by exhibiting lower peak release rates and longer times to reach peak release rates, compared with uncoated plywood (UP) panel and plywood panel solely coated with acrylic emulsion resin. Lower BR content in the FRA series and lower FPS content in the FRM series were shown to enhance flame retardancy of painted plywood. The positive correlation between total heat release values under increasing combustion duration and incremental changes of BR and FPS contents in two series further verified the above findings. Consistent with the observed flame retardancy enhancement of painted plywood, lower heats of combustion and weight losses for paints in the FRM series were also identified by oxygen bomb calorimeter measurements and thermogravimetrical analysis. Infrared analysis of the chars indicated the formation of phosphate ester linkages with the lowest BR content in the FRA series and the lowest FPS content in the FRM series showing superior enhancements of flame retardancy for painted red lauan plywood.     

山杨复合胶合板的制作

本文描述了利用山杨材制和复合胶合板的研究，研究结果表明，以其优质材料旋切的单板为表层材料，以劣质木材制作的刨花板为芯层材料制作和复合胶合板的主要物理力学性能指标与传统的胶合板板基本相同。     

Susceptibility of thermo-hydro-treated birch plywood to mould and blue stain fungi

In this study, mould and blue stain susceptibility, capillary water uptake (CWU) and microstructural properties of two thermo-hydro-treated (THT) birch plywood products A and B were investigated. Plywood A represented a THT industrial plywood glued with a phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. Plywood B represented panels from THT veneers glued with a PF film. The THT regimes were (temperature, °C/time, min): 150/10, 150/50, 160/10 and 160/50. Both THT plywood products and untreated samples were resistant to mould and blue stain growth in 1 month of exposure in laboratory and outdoor conditions. A statistically significant correlation between fungal growth in laboratory and outdoor conditions for plywood products A and B was not found (P?>?.05). Artificial weathering of both plywood products provided adverse fungal growth results compared to the natural weathering test outdoors. The fungal growth on plywood A and B samples mutually strongly correlated (P?相似文献   

阻燃桉树胶合板的初步研究

以磷酸二氢铵（MAP）溶液为阻燃剂,通过浸泡尾叶桉单板,研究了单板的载药量;以Ⅱ类胶合强度为指标,利用正交试验对常规胶合板生产工艺进行了优选。在此基础上,选取浸泡时间和最优生产工艺试制了阻燃桉树胶合板,并对其Ⅱ类胶合强度和燃烧性能进行了检测。结果表明：不同厚度尾叶桉单板的载药量随浸泡时间的延长呈现相似的增长规律;试验所得常规尾叶桉胶合板最优生产工艺为施胶量210 g.m-2、热压温度130℃、热压时间8 min,该条件下胶合板的Ⅱ类胶合强度达到了2.01 MPa;单板浸泡8h后,单板平均载药量为32.05 kg.m-3,所制得阻燃胶合板氧指数提高了13.9%,炭化长度减少了8.3 mm（26.2%）,阻燃性能明显提高,而胶合强度也达到了Ⅱ类胶合板的国家标准。研究初步证明利用常规桉树胶合板生产工艺生产阻燃桉树胶合板是可行的。     

中山杉单板防腐处理对胶合板性能的影响

以CCA为木材防腐剂,对中山杉单板进行防腐处理,然后热压成胶合板。研究结果表明:中山杉单板经防腐处理后制造的胶合板含水率、密度、胶合强度要略高于未经防腐处理的中山杉胶合板,且含水率与胶合强度均达到I类胶合板要求。单板经防腐处理后的胶合板弹性模量、静曲强度差异不显著。不同方法处理单板对胶合板载药量影响很大,其中满细胞法最高,浸泡法和双真空法相近,涂刷法最低。     

橡胶木胶合板阻燃技术研究Ⅲ.橡胶木阻燃胶合板的吸潮性

采用在相对湿度为１００％的环境中,测定材料因吸潮而增重的方法对６种橡胶木阻燃胶合板吸潮率、药剂吸潮率以及胶合板吸药率为１５％时与未阻燃处理的橡胶木胶合板吸潮率进行了对比和评估。其中磷氮系阻燃剂的吸潮性明显高于ＷＦＲ树脂型阻燃剂。所有阻燃处理的橡胶木胶合板吸潮性均高于未处理的普通橡胶木胶合板。     

利用单体燃烧试验装置检测装修板材的燃烧性能

为了量化考察装修材料在真实火灾中对燃烧的反应和燃烧性能,并规范其使用范围,选取常用的4种装修板材,采用单体燃烧试验装置,测定材料的燃烧增长速率、总热释放、烟气增长速率和总生烟量等参数。结果表明,单体燃烧试验装置能够准确评定各材料的燃烧性能;由于材料主体成分及处理工艺不同,防火涂料涂刷细木工板和难燃胶合板的各项指标,明显优于普通细木工板和橡塑保温板。     

氯化原位接枝制备无甲醛胶合板黏合剂

采用氯化原位接枝法将顺丁烯二酸酐(MAH)接枝到聚乙烯(PE)主链上,制备的酐基化PE(PE-cg-MAH),可对单板进行粘合,是一种不含甲醛和其他挥发性有机有毒物质的胶黏剂.以FT-IR、接枝率等手段对PE-cg-MAH结构进行了表征,探讨了PE-cg-MAH与木材间的反应过程,并测定了PE-cg-MAH与单板粘合材料的性能.结果表明,胶合板有较高的耐水性,其胶合强度可达国家Ⅰ类板标准;     

潮湿与真菌腐朽对室外用铁杉胶合板力学性能影响的研究

Hem-fir plywood were exposed to two brown rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta, and one white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, to investigate the effect of fungal decay on mechanical properties of plywood. Results showed that modulus of rupture （MOR） and modulus of elasticity （MOE） of hem-fir plywood declined significantly by inoculating fungi, and weight loss of sample had a modest decrease. The fungi also made a greater effect on MOR than on MOE. Of three fungi, Postia placenta caused a most significant weight loss, and Gloeophyllum trabeum resulted in a largest flexural properties loss. Substantial declines in MOR and MOE of hem-fir plywood were also observed when the plywood samples were stored under wet conditions over 15 weeks, even in the absence of fungal attack.