绿色环保制冷剂

在制冷设备与空调的生产领域中,80%以上的制冷系统采用蒸汽压缩制冷的方法.蒸汽压缩制冷所用的传统制冷剂,大多为氯氟烃,它们不仅破坏大气臭氧层而且还会产生严重的温室效应,已经或即将被禁止使用.     

抑制“温室效应”净化生存环境

人类的生存,离不开能源。随着工业的发展,石油、天然气、煤炭等的用量日益增多,这些物质燃烧后,会产生二氧化碳等多种化学物质释放到大气中,浓度也会不断升高;许多工业产品如制冷设备排放到大气中的氯氟烃也在日益增加.这些有害     

浅析环境与文物保护

文物与其周围环境的关系密不可分，文章着重分析了大气中有害气体、酸雨对文物产生的影响，针对不同类型的文物提出了如何加以保护的环境对策。     

森林与生态环境(上)

本文介绍了目前国际社会注目的10个生态环境问题:温室效应加剧、生物多样性锐减、大气臭氧层损耗、水资源危机、水土流失、沙漠化扩大、土壤退化、噪声污染、大气污染和酸沉降、海洋污染,简述了生态环境恶化带来的严重后果,并重点阐述了森林与温室效应、生物多样性保护、大气臭氧层损耗、水资源危机的关系。     

森林与防止气候变暖

阐述了二氧化碳污染的严重危害是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因;分析了森林与二氧化碳的关系,森林可以减少大气中二氧化碳含量,防止气候变暖,维护人类生存环境;提出了重视森林的生态功能,大力发展、保护森林,科学经营森林等措施.     

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森林小火保护大气据《Environ-mental Science & Technology》报告显示,在森林里放几把小火,就可以大幅减少大气中温室气体二氧化碳的排放。     

空调制冷行业铝制换热器发展存在的问题及对策

分析了铝制换热器在行业中的发展过程及存在的问题,指出了与铜材料换热器相比,铝制换热器在腐蚀性、焊接性和导热性上存在的问题,提出了相应的技术措施,为铝制散热器在暖通制冷空调行业中的推广应用提供有益的建议。     

第四产业概论

以可持续发展思想为基础,从人与自然伦理关系的角度提出第四产业概念,指回报自然反哺自然行业,以概括林业、生物多样性保护、生物入侵预防、自然遗产保护、环境污染治理、自然灾害预防等,分析了第四产业概念的必要性和必然性,第四产业的功能、特点,以及与第一、二、三产业的关系等。     

生态林建设应关注树种的碳汇能力

当前,在全球范围内保护大气生态环境,降低全球温室效应的治理重点是减少二氧化碳的排放量,而大力发展碳汇林业,用植树造林方式将大气中的气态碳变成固态碳,降低大气中二氧化碳的浓度,是治理全球大气生态环境恶化的重要途径之一。一、什么是碳汇林业,碳汇的生态效益体现在哪里保     

人造板制造行业用冷凝加吸附式甲醛回收装置及回收方法

<正>专利申请号:201510275262.3公开号:CN104841245A申请日:2015-05-26公开日:2015-08-19申请人:南京都乐制冷设备有限公司该发明针对人造板制造过程中现有冷凝加吸附式甲醛回收设备能效低、运行费用高的问题,提出了人造板制造行业用冷凝加吸附式甲醛回收装置及回收方法。回收装置包括制冷     

竹材半纤维素提取及其解聚过程研究进展

在当前碳达峰、碳中和的目标下，开发制备高附加值的半纤维素化学品具有广阔的应用前景，而且对人类社会可持续发展具有重要意义。但半纤维素由于其复杂和不均一的结构致使研究和利用受到限制，存在着易降解、收率低、纯化困难、成本高等问题。因此，如何提高木质纤维原料中半纤维素及其解聚产物的提取率成为研究的热点与重点。文章对近年来提取半纤维素及其解聚产物的研究进行了综述，简述了提取半纤维素的不同预处理方法，并分析了一定的降解方法得到半纤维素的解聚产物——木寡糖和木糖；在此基础上，为研究竹材半纤维素提取技术与工业应用提出了建议；最后，结合发展趋势，特别是针对竹材应用领域，指出了未来半纤维素及其解聚产物的发展方向。     

我国传统竹木家具造型中“线”的比较研究

文章阐述了中国竹、木家具线条构成的分类。从竹和木家具的材料、接合方式、审美差异出发,对竹和木家具框架线造型样式、连接线造型样式、装饰线造型样式3个方面进行了比较,分析了竹、木家具在线条使用上的相似性和差异性;并且通过对竹、木家具不同线条使用的分析,比较了两者在使用和审美双重意义上的异同,为竹家具的创新设计提供指导和借鉴。     

我国的竹类科学研究

本文概括论述了近几十年来我国的竹类科学研究的进展和成就,包括竹类植物分类学,竹材及地下茎维管束解剖形态结构,竹类植物开花,笋期生长等生物学,生态学特性等的基础理论方面的研究,我国产主要经济竹种如毛竹Phyllostachys heterocyclavar.Pubescens、淡竹Ph.glauca、青皮竹Bambusa textilis等的育苗造林和速生丰产培育技术及丰产竹林群体结构等的研究,优良经济竹种的引种和竹类植物有性杂交育种的试验研究,竹林主要病虫害及竹材和竹制品的防腐防蛀技术的研究,竹材及竹副产品的综合加工利用的研究等。     

Responses of community structure,diversity, and abundance of understory plants and insect assemblages to thinning in plantations

Identifying effective management operations for plantations is important for conservation of biodiversity in a plantation-dominated landscape. We tested whether pre-commercial thinning influenced community structures and could be an effective strategy for increasing diversity and abundance of plants and animals in plantations. We designated thinned and unthinned study stands in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations and compared the communities of understory vegetation, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, and longhorn beetles 1 and 3 years after thinning. The analyses of vegetation showed that pre-commercial thinning affected community structure, but species richness and vegetation abundance were not significantly affected. Thinning affected insect community structure, and both species richness and abundance of all insect groups increased 1 year after thinning. However, 3 years after thinning, significant differences only remained in the species richness of bees and the abundance of bees, butterflies, and hoverflies. These results suggest that pre-commercial thinning in plantation stands influences the community structure of understory vegetation and can be an effective way to increase the diversity and abundance of some insect groups in the short term. However, the results also suggest that the duration of the operational effects of pre-commercial thinning varies among insect groups; thus, the variable effects of pre-commercial thinning should be carefully considered in the conservation-based management of plantation stands.     

京郊农田防护林景观生态评价--以北京大兴县北藏乡为例

Based on theories of protective forests and landscape ecology, the reasonableness of structures and patterns of shelterbelt system at Beizang Town, Daxing County, Beijing were analyzed and assessed from the two scales of forest belts and networks, by integrating uses of field investigation, GIS and RS techniques. Results showed that the existent main belt (3-12 m in width) was too narrow, while the assistant belt (3-27.1 m in width) was too wide; the species composition of the existent shelterbelts was single, and the structures and patterns of the shelterbelt system were unreasonable. It is suggested that the structure of the main and the assistant belts should be changed, such as increasing the width of main belts, decreasing the width of assistant belt, and planting more mixed species, and the pattern with arbores in the middle and shrubs in the sides of belts could be taken into account. For the landscape structure of forest network after regenerating or reconstruction, the grid number of closed network should be 13 per km2 and the minimum number of belts should be 34 per km2, This study also testified that integrating GIS and remote technique with landscape ecology could provide an effective method for reasonable reconstruction of the structures and patterns of shelterbelts system.     

木聚糖改性类荷叶纳米结构超疏水竹材尺寸稳定性研究

从玉米芯中提取的木聚糖用于改性竹材,提高竹材的尺寸稳定性;然后以新鲜荷叶和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）为模板,在改性的竹材表面利用软印刷法制备类荷叶竹材表面。采用抗胀（缩）率（ASE）,阻湿率（MEE）,增重率（WPG）和增容率（B）对竹材的尺寸稳定性进行了测试,并通过水接触角（WCA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）分析了类荷叶竹表面的超疏水性能和微观结构。研究发现,随着木聚糖含量的增加,改性后竹材的抗溶胀性和WPG相应增加,木聚糖对材竹的增容效果更好。木聚糖在一定程度上改善了竹子的尺寸稳定性。此外,木聚糖处理改性后的类荷叶竹各向异性和超疏水性得到显著改善。本研究为竹材尺寸稳定性及竹材疏水性改良机理的研究奠定了基础。     

锯链与链轮啮合的几何条件及节距偏差的影响

根据新型锯链的结构特点，参考链传动的几何条件，推导出一套锯链与链轮啮合传动的几何条件基本公式。这套公式涉及了等节距锯链和不等节距锯链两种情况，还涉及星形驱动链轮、轮辋式驱动链轮和星形导向链轮三种链轮。     

昆明理工大学莲华校区环境景观改造设计

在充分利用昆明理工大学自然和人文资源的基础上,注重学校历史文脉,充分挖掘文化内涵,在改造设计中结合校区的现状,使改造设计的主题与历史和文化紧密联系,以形成一种场所属性和特征。同时,改造设计以“一轴、一环、两点、三核”的结构为指导,以“时间”为线索划分主要区域,营造了一种环境景观与建筑互动、新旧景观协调、历史与未来统一的校园环境,从而实现了校园环境可持续发展的目的。在整个环境景观改造设计的基础上,总结了校园环境景观的营造对大学教育的重要性。     

#Metoo in the Swedish forest sector: testimonies from harassed women on sexualised forms of male control

This study adds to the literature on the gendered culture of the forest sector by examining testimonies of sexual harassment in relation to the gendering of forestry-related competence and organisations and the consequences that the sexualisation of social relations in organisations has, mainly for women. The empirical base of the study comprised testimonies within the campaign #slutavverkat published on Instagram to highlight experiences of sexual harassment of women in the Swedish forest sector. Qualitative content analysis of the testimonies suggested that the situations described in the testimonies in #slutavverkat comprise controlling actions that diminish women’s power in the forest sector. Sexualised forms of male control and harassment thus work to remind women that they are first and foremost a representation of women, rather than of forestry professions and knowledge. In that sense, sexualised forms of male control and harassment are part of, rather than deviating from, the overall gendering of forestry as a men-dominated sphere. The study adds to organisational understandings and policy developments on discrimination and harassment and suggests that researchers and policy-makers interested in reducing inequality in forestry need to pay more attention to issues of harassment and sexualisation of social relations.     

横断山区云杉林与冷杉林的对比研究

通过对横断山区的自然地理状况,我国云杉属和冷杉属植物的分布状况调查,分析了两属植物的分化、生境和种间差异。结果如下,横断山区具有极高的生物多样性,是世界上云杉属和冷杉属种数最多的地区;但该两属存在较大的差异,云杉属的分布范围比冷杉属植物宽,分布的海拔高度低于冷杉属植物,从而为确定横断山区是云杉属和冷杉属的地理分布和分化中心提供理论依据。