含铜木材防腐剂的流失性能

依据AWPA E11-97标准,对不同配方含铜防腐剂的铜及三唑流失率进行了测定.结果表明,以氨水为配体的铜唑(CuAz)及ACQ制剂中,铜在木材中的固着率均高于乙醇胺,氨水有利于铜在木材中固着.乙醇胺为配体的CuAz及ACQ制荆中,低栽药量铜制剂的固着率均远高于高栽药量铜制剂.三唑制剂中含有铜,能降低戊唑醇的流失率,用乙醇作溶剂的戊唑醇的流失率相对较高,可达37%.     

不同药剂处理毛竹的室内耐腐性

选择ACQ、铜唑、CCA、有机酸四类13种防腐剂对毛竹材进行处理,研究竹材的室内耐腐性能.结果表明:随着吸药量的增加,药剂对腐朽菌的抑制效力明显增加.ACQ防腐剂中,综合抗菌性能依次为ACQ-B、ACQ-D,ACQ-C对白腐菌的毒性最差,失重率约6%;铜唑类防腐剂对白腐菌的抗菌性最好的是CuAz-1,最差的是CuAz-2;对褐腐菌的抗菌性相差不大.通过对比,ACQ和铜唑类防腐剂的抗菌性与CCA相当,明显优于有机酸类防腐剂.     

防腐后处理工艺对竹集成材耐久性的影响

以两种水载铜基防腐剂季铵铜和铜唑对竹集成材进行防腐处理,分析了不同药剂和载药量对竹集成材耐腐性能的影响,以及不同干燥温度对处理材抗流失性能的影响,以筛选适宜的竹集成材防腐后处理工艺,显著提高处理材的耐久性.结果表明,经防腐处理后,竹集成材的耐腐性能大幅度提高,当季铵铜载药量≥2.6 kg/m3或铜唑载药量≥1.3 kg/m3时,竹集成材可以达到强耐腐等级;处理材的铜固着率随着载药量的增加而提高,不同干燥温度对铜的抗流失性能影响不显著.总体上看,防腐后处理工艺能够满足提高竹集成材耐久性能的要求,但其防腐剂的抗流失性能有待提高.     

几种防腐剂处理的马尾松材室内抗家白蚁（Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki）效果试验

利用三种防腐剂处理后的马尾松（Pinus massoniana Lamb．）边材在室内接种家白蚁（Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki）以测试其抗蚁蛀能力。这三种防腐剂包括含砷铬类防腐剂铜铬砷（CCA）和两种非含砷铬类防腐剂柠檬酸铜（CC）、季铵铜（ACQ）。测试一个月后的结果表明，三种防腐剂的各个测试浓度的抗蚁蛀效果很好，试块的失重均不超过5％。经方差分析及平均数多重比较结果表明，三种防腐剂不同处理浓度与对照间试块的实际失重的差异以及白蚁存活率的差异均达显著水平（P〈0．05）。CCA防腐剂在0．05％～1．00％浓度（实际吸药量0．60～6．07kg／m^3）处理下，白蚁全部死亡，试块表面被轻度蛀食。CC与ACQ防腐剂的抗蚁蛀效果很相似，在0．6％～2．0％高浓度（实际吸药量分别为3．94～12．90kg／m^3和3．04—9．92kg／m^3）下，白蚁全部死亡，试块未被白蚁蛀食，完好无损；但在0．2％～0．4％低浓度（实际吸药量〈3kg／m^3）下有部分白蚁存活，试块被白蚁轻度或中度蛀食；低浓度组与高浓度组之间白蚁存活率的差异达显著或极显著水平。从白蚁存活率、试块的失重及试块抗蚁蛀等级综合分析结果表明，经CCA、CC、ACQ三种防腐剂处理后的马尾松木材的抗蚁蛀能力明显提高。     

三种铜-季铵盐防腐剂的抗流失性及对木材材色的影响

研究了3种季铵盐与铜复配后的防腐剂的抗流失性和对木材材色的影响。结果表明：3种防腐剂均在较低温度下后续固着效果较好。后续固着温度为15℃，处理药液浓度为0.5%的条件下，FFJ－2的固着效果最好。但处理后对材色的影响较大。     

5种三唑微乳液及其铜胺制剂的抗流失性能

【目的】系统分析比较5种三唑制剂处理材中三唑的抗流失性能,为三唑制剂及其铜唑制剂的开发应用奠定基础。【方法】参照国家标准GB/T 29905—2013方法,分别测定5种三唑在微乳液制剂及与铜胺溶液复配的铜/三唑制剂中的抗流失性能,并探讨添加疏水剂对其抗流失性能的影响。【结果】在三唑微乳液制剂中,丙环唑(PPZ)和己唑醇(Hex)的抗流失性能相当且较高,固着率均达70%以上;戊唑醇(TEB)的固着率较PPZ和Hex低;环丙唑醇(CY)的固着率基本在60%~70%之间;三唑醇(Tri)的抗流失性能最差,在本试验中较高载药量下固着率不足60%。不同乳化剂制备的同一三唑微乳液的抗流失性能相当。三唑与铜胺溶液复配后,抗流失性能增强,三唑固着率基本在80%以上,铜的固着率基本在90%以上。添加疏水剂后,5种三唑的抗流失性能均有不同程度提高,其中CY的提高效果最好。【结论】三唑微乳液制剂中,PPZ和Hex的固着率均达70%以上;三唑微乳液中,三唑的抗流失性能受乳化剂的影响不大;与铜胺溶液复配后或添加疏水剂,可提高其抗流失性能。     

水载型木材防腐剂有效成分的加速固着方法

以铬化砷酸铜(CCA)为代表的水载型防腐剂,逐渐被其他主要有效成分为铜的水载型防腐剂取代,这类防腐剂中的.针对水载型防腐剂抗流失性差的缺点,介绍4种用于加速防腐剂中有效成分在木材中固着的方法,分析了这些方法对水载型防腐剂中有效成分的固着效果,并就如何加速ACQ中有效成分的固着研究进行了分析和展望.     

铜基防腐剂对竹材定向刨花板性能的影响

选用季铵铜(ACQ)、铜唑(CuAz)及环烷酸铜(CuN)3种铜基防腐剂,考察防腐剂添加对竹材定向刨花板物理力学性能的影响。研究表明,3种防腐剂处理材的物理力学性能,均满足LY/T 1580-2000《定向刨花板》中OSB/3规定;其中,CuAz及CuN各载药量处理材的性能均超过OSB/4的要求,并且综合力学性能优于ACQ处理材。添加2.21 kg/m3的CuAz制作的板材性能略低于对照试板外,其余防腐剂或载药量对板材性能无不利影响。     

四种防腐剂处理竹材定向刨花板的耐腐性能

以毛竹为原料,酚醛树脂和异氰酸酯树脂为胶黏剂,硼酸锌、铜唑、季胺铜、环烷酸铜为防腐剂,制备防腐竹材定向刨花板(BOSB),并通过室内耐腐试验,比较4种防腐荆的性能.结果表明:1)药剂种类、栽药量水平、胶黏剂、菌种均对BOSB的防腐性能有显著性影响;2)四种药剂处理后的BOSB,大多数达到国标要求的强耐腐等级.     

防腐前处理对竹集成材力学性能的影响

以季铵铜(ACQ)和铜唑(CuAz)加压浸渍处理的毛竹精刨竹条为单元,以酚醛树脂为胶黏剂,制作防腐竹集成材,并测试其力学强度,分析了药剂种类和载药量对竹集成材抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、抗弯强度(MOR)和胶层剪切强度的影响.结果表明,防腐处理前后,竹集成材的MOR、胶层剪切强度差异不显著,MOE差异性显著(0.05水平);防腐剂种类对竹集成材MOE影响显著,载药量水平对MOE影响不显著;总体上看,防腐竹集成材的MOE和MOR略有下降或保持不变,胶层剪切强度略有提高.     

Field Trial of Copper Treated Moso Bamboo in Southern China

The field trial of Moso bamboo treated with 9 copper preservatives was conducted in Guangzhou, China. The result showed that two formulations of ammonia-based copper azole (F17 and F18 ) and a formulation of amine copper added with boron (F10), as well as 2 kinds of ammonia-based ACQ, at the copper retention of 3.2 kg/m3 or over, were very resistant to decay and termites after the 5- year field test. And the durability of ACQ-B treated Moso bamboo was similar to that of treated Masson pine and slash pine at...     

壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防白腐性能

以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以白腐菌彩绒革盖菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)处理材的抗流失性和耐腐性能进行试验.结果表明: 壳聚糖金属配合物在竹材中固着率略高于CCB,明显高于相应的金属盐,具有较强的抗流失性能;CCC处理的竹材对彩绒革盖菌的耐腐性能高于CCB处理材, 当CCC处理材中金属离子保持量达到6.35 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失为0;CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果和CCC效果相当,明显高于氯化锌处理材,当防腐剂中金属离子保持量高于2.41 kg·m-3时,CZC处理的竹材都达到最耐腐等级,且随着防腐剂中金属离子保持量的提高,处理材的质量损失率接近于0.     

壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能

以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)、ACQ处理材的耐腐性能、力学性能及胶接性能进行研究.结果表明:1) CCC处理的竹材对棉腐卧孔菌的耐腐性能不及CCB和ACQ处理材;但是,随着CCC处理浓度的增加,处理材耐褐腐性能明显增加,当处理材中金属离子保持量达到5.141 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失低于6.1%.2) CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果低于CCC、CCB和ACQ,略高于氯化锌处理材,当CZC中金属离子保持量高于5.091 kg·m-3时,处理材的质量损失在26.4%～29.0%之间.3) 同素材(未处理材)相比,经防腐剂处理后的竹材力学性能及胶接性能均有不同程度下降,尤其是CCB处理材.在所测指标中,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度下降最明显,横纹抗压强度和胶接强度除CCB外变化不大.     

A Potential Criterion to Evaluate Copper Adsorption in Wood Cell Wall

A gcometrical definition, fractal dimension, was introduced in this study to evaluate copper adsorption in wood treated with copper-containing preservatives. It is based on the assumption that some copper would compete the hydroxyl groups in wood cell wall with water molecules, and therefore influence the fractal dimension of internal wood surfaces revealed by the moisture adsorption in wood. Southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) specimens were treated with different concentrations of copper ethanolamine (Cu-EA) solution to obtain different copper retention levels. Then the adsorption isotherms of untreated and Cu-EA treated specimens were determined at 4, 15, 30, and 40℃ to provide the source data for fractal dimension calculation. The results showed that, at all temperatures, the fractal dimension of the internal wood surfaces had a decreasing trend with increasing copper retention. That is, the internal spaces in wood become “thinner“ due to the copper adsorption on some hydroxyl groups in wood cell wall. The correlation between the fractal dimension and adsorbed copper ions makes it possible to evaluate the copper adsorption in wood cell wall.     

Effects of microwave post-treatments on leaching resistance of ACQ-D treated Chinese fir

In order to improve the leaching resistance of active ingredient-copper in ammoniacal copper quat-type D (ACQ-D) treated Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.),microwave post-treatments were carried out.The percentages of leached copper from ACQ-D treated Chinese fir with different microwave post-treatments were obtained after leaching tests by analyzing the copper retention in treated wood.The fixation mechanism of copper in the treated wood was determined with the help of SEM and FTIR spectra,while t...     

点击反应制备木质素-纳米SiO_2复合微粒及其结构表征

以竹木质素为原料,利用Cu(Ⅰ)催化的炔基-叠氮环加成点击反应将木质素修饰到纳米SiO_2材料表面,制备木质素-纳米SiO_2复合微粒(LS-NPs)。首先采用硅烷基化反应在纳米SiO_2微粒表面引入叠氮结构,并由竹木质素制备炔基木质素,再通过Cu(Ⅰ)催化炔基木质素与叠氮基纳米SiO_2的点击反应生成含三氮唑结构单元的LS-NPs。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段表征了LS-NPs的化学结构,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、Zeta电位分析仪和热重分析(TGA)等表征方法考察了LS-NPs的形貌结构和理化性质。结果表明,点击反应成功将木质素结构通过三氮唑单元接枝到纳米SiO_2表面,LS-NPs微粒为球形,粒径为50~100 nm,分散性能和热稳定性能均有明显提高。     

Green color protection of bamboo culms using one-step alkali pretreatment-free process

This study evaluated the protection effectiveness of alcohol-borne reagents for the green color of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel). The results show that the types and concentrations of alcohol-borne reagents, the kinds of solvent, and the conditions of treatment greatly affected the green color of these two bamboo species. Without alkali pretreatment, an excellent green color protection (a* = −14.5) was obtained when the ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper chloride (CuCl₂) at 60°C for 30 min. Similar results were also obtained when ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper nitrate [Cu(NO₃)₂] at 60°C for 2 h (a* = −13.5). For moso bamboo, an attractive green color in the bamboo culms was achieved by treating the specimens with 1% methanol-borne copper acetate [Cu(CH₃COO)₂] at 60°C for 30 min. The a* value of treated specimens was −13.3. In addition, results demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment was more effective on green color protection than conventional water bath treatment. When moso bamboo was treated with 1% copper acetate at 60°C in an ultrasonic bath for only 15 min, a remarkable green color with an a* value of −13.6 was obtained on the bamboo epidermis.     

Fixation Property of Copper Triazole Wood Preservatives

According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were tested and compared in this paper.And the fixation rates of tebuconazole(TEB) and propiconazole(PPZ) in several formulations,such as copper azole,emulsified type and solvent type,were also compared.The determination of copper content in the leachate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrom...     

Effect of post treatment temperature and humidity conditions on fixation performance of CCA-C treated red pine and southern pine

introductionWaterbornepreservativesareamajorcomponentofthewood-treatingindustrybecauseoftheireaseofapplication,lowcost,andthecleanappearanceofthewoodattertreatment.Theuseofchromatedcopperarsenate(CCA)preservativesintheUSAhasgrownfroma14%shareofthewoodpreservativesmarketin1977to73%in1987(Micklewright1993).ThisismainlyduetotheincreasinguseofCCAtreatedwoodasdecksandoutdoorstructures.ThewaterbornepreservativeCCAhasbecomeoneofthemosteffectivetreatmentsforNorthAmericanwoodproduCts,usedinapplic…