邯郸市草本水生植物资源调查

该文对邯郸市境内的草本水生植物资源采用线路调查与样地调查相结合的方法,进行了系统的调查研究,摸清了邯郸市现有湿生、挺水、浮叶、漂浮、沉水5种类型草本水生植物共计27科46属62种,为该市及周边地区草本水生植物在园林中的应用提供理论和实践依据。     

耐荫草本地被植物园林应用指标体系的构建及评价

结合河北省耐荫草本地被植物应用现状,优选出35种耐荫草本地被植物作为研究对象,选用8项指标:观赏价值(J)、整体度(Z)、绿期(L)、成坪速度(P)、根基盖度(G)、耐旱性(H)、生长势(S)、耐荫性(Y);采用公式H=0.3Y+0.12S+0.05H+0.15P+0.15G+0.1L+0.08J+0.05Z,建立石家庄市耐荫草本地被植物园林应用评价体系,用优良、良好、一般3个等级作出评价。筛选出优良植被13种,良好植被18种,一般植被4种。     

全缘栒子组织培养育苗技术的研究

全缘栒子是优美的观赏灌木,园林应用前景广泛,种子发芽率低,园林生产用苗木短缺,组织培养育苗可以短期内为生产提供大量优质苗木,解决生产需要。通过研究,筛选出全缘栒子组织培养育苗诱导培养基为：MS＋ KT3．0mg/L ＋ IBA0．1mg/L ,增殖培养基：MS＋ KT2．0mg/L ＋IBA0．5mg/L ,生根培养基：1/2M S＋IBA0．5 mg/L。     

柳杉毛虫卵空间分布型及抽样技术研究

对衢州市柯城区柳杉毛虫卵进行了调查分析,结果表明：该虫卵个体间相互吸引,种群空间分布格局为聚集型,基本成份为个体群,具有一个公共Kc=1．4173的负二项分布。聚集原因是由于昆虫本身的聚集行为所致,或是由于环境异质性和昆虫本身的聚集行为两因素作用结果。有卵枝率（Z）与平均虫口密度（X）关系为：X=0．001 698Z^2.020298,卵集中分布在树冠的下部,其次为中部、上部;理论抽样数为：N=1／D^2（5．12610／X＋0．38137）。     

现代郁金香离体培养与快速繁殖

以现代郁金香的内层鳞片、幼茎和茎尖为外植体进行了离体培养与快速繁殖试验,筛选出最佳培养基;（1）诱导鳞片产生丛芽为MS＋0．4～1．0mg／LBA＋0．4mg／LNAA;（2）茎尖诱导培养为MS＋2mg／LBA＋0．1mg／LNAA;（3）茎段诱导培养为MS＋1．0mg／LBA＋0．2mg／LNAA）（4）丛芽增殖培养为MS＋0．4mg／LBA＋0．2mg／LNAA和MS＋0．4mg／LBA＋0．2mg／LIAA;（5）生根诱导培养为1／2MS＋0．4mg／LKT和0．1～1．0mg／LNAA。     

福建清流鄂西红豆人工林群落调查与物种多样性初步研究

通过样地调查法研究了福建清流鄂西红豆人工林群落植物组成与物种多样性。结果表明：清流鄂西红豆人工林群落共有维管束植物的数量为21科36种，其中乔木层树种有6科9种、灌木层树种有16科24种、草本层物种有5科5种。研究表明：清流鄂西红豆（Orosia hosiei Hemsl）人工林群落是以鄂西红豆为建群种，苦槠（Castanopsis sclerophylla）＋拟赤杨（Alniphyllum fortunei）＋枫香（Liquidambar formosana）为优势种的群落。清流鄂西红豆人工林群落不同层次的多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数均表现为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层，而优势度指数为乔木层（0．878）＞灌木层（0．813）＞草本层（0．246）。     

云南松胶合板材、纸浆材种源选择

“云南松胶合板材、纸浆材种源选择”是多性状综合评选，把生长与多用途选育结合。本材料取自1981年营造的种原试验林和部分天然林内，共选取13个产地，38件试材，作木材解剖，物理性能和化学成分含量等测定．经分析各种源间木材的各理化性状的差异达权显著水平．并获得与胶合板、纸浆材关系较密切的是种源间年均材积生长量（X1）、树干纹理通直度（X2）、木材密度（X3）、管胞长（X4）、纸浆得率（X5）．根据性状遗传力（H2）及它们的经济重要性估算权重值（W），建立“两材”的种源综合选择指数方程：①I板＝214．0571X1＋0．29859X2＋0．37736X3和②I纸＝214．0571X1＋0．06212X4＋0．39278X5。按①和②综合选择式，评选出乐业、红河、双柏、双江、石屏、开远、富宁等8～10个适于“两材”高产优质种源，材积平均遗传增益达47．3％，树干纹理通直率达87％～98％；单位面积上木材干物质重提高18．0％～49．6％，纸浆得率18．4％～49．7％。胶合板的抗压、抗弯强度等力学指标均有提高，胶合强度1．97～2．58MPa＞0．8MPa（GB指标），手抄纸的耐破度，裂断长，撕裂度均达到观指标。使“两材”的种源选择建立在遗传型的基础上．同时为各生态区提出供选择的丰产种源。     

粗放经营苦竹笋用林立竹年龄结构优化研究

对粗放经营的苦竹林林分结构与竹笋产出的关系进行了调查,利用SPSS软件构建了竹笋产量与立竹年龄结构的关系模型：Y=9192．375＋0．02027N＋0．12607D-0．11412X1＋0．24912X2＋0．33746X3-0．09919X4（R=0．94）,提出了在粗放经营初期的优化年龄结构,立竹度7200～8100株／hm^2时竹笋产出高,1—4年生立竹比例为3：3：3：1。     

石斛兰组织培养及快繁技术研究

对两种石斛兰属植物进行了茎尖培养和快繁技术研究,结果表明，在不同激素配比的MS培养基中，MS＋BA0．5＋NAA0．5＋CH有利于石斛兰的原球茎球状体（PLB）分化成幼苗，在MS＋BA2．0＋NAA0．5＋CH中石斛兰的原球茎球状体（PLB）易保持原形态增殖，1／2MS＋IBA0．3活性炭能促进根的生成和生长。     

江油市低效天然林封禁试验初步研究

连续2a对低效天然林封禁试验进行了初步研究。结果表明：（1）封禁1a后,乔木层郁闭度提高8．3％～16．7％,灌木层覆盖度提高15．2％～64．7％,草本层覆盖度提高12．5％～20．0％;封禁2a后,乔木层郁闭度提高16．7％～33．3％,灌木层覆盖度提高39．4％～141．2％,草本层覆盖度提高37．5％-44．0％。（2）封禁与不封禁的林分郁闲度、灌木和草本盖度和林分总生物量均达到差异极显著水平。     

Integrated evaluation of soil fertility in Ginkgo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ginkgo biloba</Emphasis> L.) agroforestry systems in Jiangsu,China

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a traditional economic tree species in China, and often cultivated in agroforestry systems. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of different Ginkgo and crop species combinations on soil fertility. We established two Ginkgo and crop species systems: Ginkgo + wheat + soybean (G+W+S), Ginkgo + rape + soybean (G+R+S), and one Ginkgo + mulberry (G+M) system, one pure mulberry plantation (M), and one crop systems of rape + soybean (R+S) in the field. Soil chemical properties and enzymes activities were measured 4 years after planting. These soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were used as soil fertility indicators (FI). Soil fertility of the five planting systems was finally evaluated by using improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result showed that soil chemical properties (including pH, organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K, total K) and soil enzyme activities (including catalase, sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and protease) in the five planting systems were significantly different from each other (P = 0.0237). The above parameters were also different at different soil depths. The concentration of total N, P, organic matter, available P and K of soil decreased significantly with soil depth (P = 0.0146), however, pH increased. The concentrations of organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K of soil under rape + soybean (R+S) was lowest among the five planting systems. The activities of sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease decreased with soil depth, however, the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased. Except for catalase, the activities of these enzymes in the R+S system were the lowest among the five planting systems. The integrated evaluation of soil fertility showed that soil fertility indicators (FI) were significantly different, and the FI values for the five systems followed order: G+M (0.847) > G+W+S (0.446) > M (0.399) > G+R+S (0.343) > R+S (0.211). These results indicated that adoption of a Ginkgo-crop combination could lead to increased long-term sustainability of soil fertility by improving levels of soil organic matter, pH, available nutrient and soil enzyme activity.     

郑州市公园绿地草本花卉应用现状调查与分析

对郑州市6个公园绿地中草本花卉应用的种类、花期、花色、频度和形式等进行实地调查,结果表明:郑州市公园绿地中草本花卉应用种类共计66种,隶属于33科60属,其中一二年生花卉29种、宿根花卉27种、球根花卉6种、水生花卉4种;应用频度达到50%及以上的种类有18种、占总数的28.79%,应用频度在50%以下的种类有48种、占总数的71.21%;花卉应用形式主要包括花坛、花境、花池、花丛、花台和垂直绿化等6类。针对郑州市公园绿地草本花卉的应用情况,建议多增加一些观赏效果好、抗性强、花期长的种类并注重丰富花卉的应用形式。     

沧州市公园绿地植物群落景观调查与评价

为了提升沧州市公园绿地植物群落的生态功能和植物景观效果,选择5个具有代表性的公园绿地作为研究对象,对其中应用植物的种类、生活型等进行调查,并构建植物群落景观综合评价体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)对选取的67个植物群落进行综合评价。结果表明,沧州市公园绿地应用的植物种类共计239种,隶属66科145属,其中乔木103种、灌木61种、草本51种、水生植物11种、藤本7种、竹类6种,灌木、草本、常绿植物、水生植物等应用较少;植物群落景观质量整体良好,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级植物群落景观共52个,但优质植物群落景观相对较少,仅有4个Ⅰ级植物群落景观;根据存在的具体问题,提出增加灌木、草本及常绿植物的种类和数量,丰富植物群落层次,结合植物的季相变化、观赏特性及生态习性进行合理配置,加强对植物的后期养护管理等措施。     

西安水景植物景观营造现状及分析

水景植物是城市水景设计的重要元素之一,具有不可替代的观赏及生态价值。本文实地调查了目前西安水景植物种类,在其应用现状的基础上,根据水景植物的应用特点,初步分析了在不同水域环境中的配置模式,并对当前存在的问题进行了探讨。     

南宁市园林水生花卉种类及应用调查

指出了水生植物是园林植物中一个很重要的类群。对南宁市的10个公园的水生花卉进行调查。结果显示:南宁市公园中常见的水生花卉共有41种,隶属于18科27属。挺水花卉最多,达34种,浮水类5种,沉水类仅2种。应用频度较高的种类有水生美人蕉(Canna× generalis)、再力花(Thaliadealbata)、花叶芦竹(Arundodonax var. versicolor )、常绿水生鸢尾(Iris hexagonus)、荷花(Nelumbonucifera)、睡莲(Nymphaeatetragona)等。     

丽江拉市海高原湿地水生植被调查与分析

水生植被是湿地植被的重要组成部分,体现着湿地生态系统的演化和发展方向。利用3S技术和典型取样的方法,通过对拉市海水生植被调查表明：水生植物共有32种,隶属17科、21属;植物群落17个,包括4个挺水植物群落、3个浮叶植物群落、1个漂浮植物群落、7个沉水植物群落。水葱Scirpus tabernaemontani、芦苇Phragmites australis、两栖蓼Polygonum amphibium、荇菜Nymphoides peltatum、野菱Trapa incise等是水生植被的优势种;水生植物群落结构层次较为复杂,物种组成比较丰富。     

Plant diversity of secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China

The effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure and plant diversity of secondary forest ecosystems were evaluated based on the classification by site factors in the montane regions of northeastern China. Forty-five sample plots containing 720 sub-plots of overstory species (8 m × 8 m), 1,440 quadrats of understory species (2 m × 2 m), and 1,440 quadrats of herbaceous layer species (1 m × 1 m) were clustered into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) by site variables with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Meanwhile, the disturbance levels corresponding to the five groups were determined according to the factors influencing human disturbances (D0-G2, D1-G1, D2-G3, D3-G5, and D4-G4). Species diversities of overstory, understory, herbaceous layer and overall species were evaluated using species number, Margalef index, Pielou index, Shannon–Wiener index, and Simpson index; and β-diversities (Whittaker index, Cody index). Basal area of stands exhibited a decreasing trend along the disturbance level due to a gradual increase in the extraction of timber by the human disturbances. The indices of species diversity suggested that overstory and understory species were distributed evenly among the groups or disturbance levels. There were no absolutely dominant tree species in the secondary forest ecosystems. The differences in site factors and the current disturbance intensities were not intense enough to lead to loose changes in overstory and understory species. The species diversity indices exhibited the maximum values at D3 (G5) for herbaceous layer species; this may suggest that the current disturbance intensities were intense enough to lead the changes of herbaceous layer species. Three rare and endangered species (Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Acanthopanax senticosus) were found within the secondary forests. These rare and endangered species appeared in each clustered group or disturbance level, which suggested that the current disturbance intensity in the study area was not strong enough to influence the distribution of rare and endangered species. The current disturbances in the secondary forests may not lead to a decrease in stability and complexity of the overstory and understory species, but the higher disturbance level may be intense enough to change the habitat fitness for the herbaceous species. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized authors.     

河姆渡遗址植物景观分析

对河姆渡遗址的现状植物种类、数量、群落及其配置进行调查及景观分析,结果表明:河姆渡遗址共有植物44科56属71种,其中木本植物41科53属68种,草本植物3科3属3种;落叶树使用量过少,常绿树缺乏色彩变化,导致群落季相变化不明显;植物配置末能与周边环境及河姆渡文化相呼应,个别树种使用量过大,滨水植物种类较少。并提出相应的改进措施。     

凤凰山森林公园树种资源调查及结构调整初探

笔者通过对凤凰山森林公园植物的种类、多度、景观效果及病虫害等调查结果显示：公园现有木本植物133种、草本植物36种、竹类3种;山上白蚂蚁大面积发生。目前各种树种生长良好,但整个公园都是以樟树为主,缺少季相色彩变化。笔者针对性提出公园应该根据地形、地貌、土层厚度、功能分区进行植物造景,对水生植物园及积水地、树木园、活动场...     

浅析广州万亩果园草本水生植物种植技术

随着城市湿地公园对水体景观的设计运用越来越多，草本水生植物的种植施工标准也越来越高。目前园林草本水生植物在施工上存在忽略常水位线、种植密度不合理、忽视最佳施工时间和后期养护等诸多问题，文章以广州市海珠区万亩果园湿地公园为例，针对以上问题深入探讨湿地公园中草本水生植物的种植技术措施。