RECENT ADVANCES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FOREST INSECTS IN CHINA

In China the research in the phusiology of forest in inseets began in the 1970s,and in the 1980s a great deal of research works was done in this field,a lot of which were concen-trated on the isolation,identification and synthesis of sex pheromones on the injurious forest in-seets with in Lepidopteron and Coleopteron.In the field of tree resistance physiology,some ad-vanees were achieved in the resislance mechanism of poplar to Longicorn beetles and prominents.The research of the resistance of plne to Matsucoccusmalsumurae Kuwana is now also going on.In addition,the seductive function of plant sex seducements to the Longicorn bee-tle and its digestion physiology are also being studied.Many reports on the analysis of proteins,isoenzymes and amino acids applied to classification of Longicorn beetles,Pine moths and Aphids have been published.A relatively deep insight was gained in the physiological characters of overwintering larvae of Coleophoradahuriea Flkv.in the deep cold region of Hellongjiang province     

THE ECO-GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST INSECTS IN CHINA

The eco—geographical division of forest insects in China is generally divided into 4 1evels:region,subregion,area and province The region is formed by iso1ation of ocean,high mountain and desert etc.The division of subregion is on the basis of resistance of extreme tem-perature humidity in winter.The division of area or province is on the basis of landform,type of vegelation in forest zone and temperature zone.     

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF POPLAR-BIRCH FOREST IN CHINA

Poplar-Bircl1forestistl1eco111l1lunitywhlchiscolllposedmainlyofpop-lar(PoPoIusdari'Idia,Ia)andbircl1(BeIItlapjalofla).Bothpplarandbircharethepio-neerspeciesandpossessbroadsuitability.highseedyquantity,strongsproutabilltyandfastgrowtl1character.PopIarandbrcl1canfor111derivedcoml11unitybothinthemountainouslarchneedle-IeavedfOrestandneedle-leaveevergreenforestoffrigid-temP6ratezol1ea11dil1decid[1ousbroad-leavedfOrestof11orther11te111peratezoneandsubtropicalzone.Itcanalsofor111secondarycoml1…     

STUDY ON THE CUTOVER LAND OF THE HARDWOODKOREAN PINE FOREST FOR REPRODUCTION IN THE XIAOXINGAN MOUNTAINS OF NORTHEAST CHINA

lllehardt`ood-Korcanpincforcstsintl1cXiaoxinganMts.havebecncxtCnsivclycx-ploitcdsinccl948forn1orethan4oycars.Uptono`t.thcrcarcIiuIcKorcanpincresourccstobecxploitedinmostbureaus(rCgions),andthercare2/3ofbureaus(regions)havingPoOrKoreanpincrcsourccs.Inl95Os,Korcanpincforestsoccupicd53.8%ofthcforestcdarcaand74.3%ofthevolumcinthewholercgion.NaturaIKoreanpineforesthasgrcatlydc-creasedto5.4%and9.8%initsareaandvol-umeresPectively,andthcarcaandvoIuncofhardx`oodforcstincrcascdcorrcsPOndingIy.ln…     

THE ESTIMATE OF THE EFFECTIVE FUEL COMBUSTION VALUE OF FOREST COMMUNITY IN THE DAXINGAN MOUNTAIN

FoRESTFUELCoMBUSTIoNVALUECombustionvalueisanimportantparameterofmaterialburningcharacteri-stics.Itmeansthattheheatreleasesfromtheunitofmaterialcompleteburningtocooldownthestartingtemperatureofreactionmaterals(l).Undertheconditionofthesamepressureandenoughoxygeninthecombustor,materialscombustionva1ueisrelatedtotheinnerenergyofthematerialstatefromthebeginningtotheendduringreaction.Thecombustionvaluesuchasmeta1,carbon,hydrogencanbemeasuredaccurate1y.Toforestfuels,theirenergycan'tbethesam…     

SIMULATION OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND NITRIFICATION IN TWO NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

INTRODUCTIoNMeasurementsofNmincralizationinun-fertilizedforestsoilsprovideanindexofavail-ableNfortreegrowth(AuchmoodyandFilipl973,Stonel973,AbereIal.l989,BinklcyandHartl989,MclilIoela/.l993).Histori-cally,tWoapproaches(IaboratoryandinsitlIincubations)havebcenuscdtoestimatetheratCofNmineralization,butneitheriswidelyaccepted(Keeney,l98o).Thegenerallackofagrementamongthemethodsisduetodiffer-encesintheirsensitivitytocnvironmentalfac-torswhichinfluencesoilNmineralization(Raisonetal.l987…     

THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST LAND AND THE TECHNIQUES OF REFORESTATION IN FIRED LAND IN DAXING''''AN MOUNTAINS

INTRODUCTIoNAfertheGreatforestfireonMay6inl987,theauthorhasdoneaseriesofresearchworkforacceleratingregenerationofforestvegetationandpromotingestablisIunentofstand.TheyareasfollowingfA.Analysisofnaforeenvironmentalcon-dition.Authorhasmainlyanalysischaractersofnaforecondition,theregulationofforestvegetationsuccessionandthe4ifferenceofforestsites.Thisisthetechnicalbasetolnydownrestorationandplantationinfrigidre-gion.B.Evaluationofselectionandintegrationrestorationandplantationoftechniques,…     

SITE CLASSIFICATION FOR PROTECTIVE FOREST AFFORESTATION ON THE COAST OF CHINA

Land for protective forest on the coast has special site conditions,and siteclassification is the scientific basis for seaboard afforestation.The site classification systemon the coast zone and islands of China may be classified into five levels-site region(sub-region),district,class,group,and type.The land division for afforestation is carried outby the principle of enviornmental heterogeneity among regions,sub-region and district onlarge scale,according to the difference of air temperature,moisture and type of coastgeomorphy.It may be classified into 7 regions,12 sub-regions and 55 districts.Themedium and small scaled division for site class,group and type,subdivided in a sitedistrict,are based on medium topography,topographic climate,micro-relief and soil conditions.     

THE EFFECT OF FOREST FIRE ON STREAMFLOW IN DAXING'AN MOUNTAINS

TheextraordinaryforestfirehaPpenedinl987inDaking'anMountains.Inodetodefinitethechangesofccologicalenvironment,esPeCiallytheeffeetsonthesatowahathefire,wesetupthelOCatedobservatorysta-tionatthe23rdstationdownPanguriveroftheSeriousdisas)erareainl988togethcrwithHeilonaiiangProvincehydrologicalstationcAnedoutthe,Iocationresearchbythe25thstationofEmuerRjverinthefircareaandPangustationofPanguriver.Wemadetheprimaryconc1usionbytheanalysisofthedatainlastfiveyearsasthcfollowing.NATURALCoNDIT…     

我国森林资源化学利用的发展前景

森林资源化学利用是我国森林资源高效和持续利用的一个重要方面,在新的世纪里,林产化学工业的发展将面临新的机遇和挑战。本文对其发展趋势进行了探讨,并认为：１．木材制浆造纸将逐步成为我国林产化学工业的支柱产业;（２．林产化学品生产将在不断创新的基础上进一步增长;３．天然产物特别是天然药物的开发将进一步得人们重视,而成为森林资源化学利用的新领域;４．木质能源和木质活性炭生产将进一步发展。     

中国林产品化学利用概况

林产品化学利用是指以木质和非木质林产品为原料,经化学加工制备国民经济所需的各种产品.主要包括木材制浆造纸、木质活性炭、松脂化学加工、植物单宁、林产精油、植物提取物等.近年来中国林产化学工业发展较快,特别是建设林纸一体化工程,为发展木材制浆工业,改变中国制浆造纸工业原料结构创造了良好的条件,按计划2005年木浆产量将达380万t,2010年达750万t.松香产量已超过50万t/a,出口约30万t/a.木质活性炭产量达6万t/a.随着我国经济的发展对林化产品的需求将进一步扩大.     

我国野生林果资源开发利用的研究

我国野生林业资料丰富,分布广泛,开发利用潜力很大。本文研究了10余种野生林果资源蕴藏量及加工利用情况,提出了宏观指导、统筹规划、科学采摘、深度加工、资源保护和利用并举的开发利用途径。     

我国森林鼠害研究概况

综述了森林鼠害在我国的发生情况。森林鼠害在国内外的研究进展。包括生态学、预测预报、防治等方面的研究。及森林害鼠的开发利用。指出了综合治理将是以后研究的重点。     

北方林区运材汽车选型的实验研究

本文依据北方林区汽车运材的工况条件和各种运材汽车的使用情况,结合我国汽车工业的发展规划,确定了CA141K_2型和CA150K_2型运材汽车总布置参数及其主挂车的匹配设计;简述了CA141K_2型和CA150K_2型运材汽车的研制过程、林区使用实验、性能检测、整车技术鉴定及其推广应用等情况。     

大兴安岭北部原始林兴安落叶松种群世代结构的研究

在景观火干扰历史研究的基础上 ,研究了大兴安岭北部地区原始林兴安落叶松种群的世代结构及其与火干扰、立地条件之间的关系。结果表明 ,兴安落叶松种群基于世代数的世代结构类型丰富 ,从 1代型到6代型都有 ,空间分布呈斑块镶嵌状。以 3代型与 4代型为主要类型 ,空间分布集中 ,其它类型的世代结构空间异质性较高。世代数受火干扰频率、火干扰强度及两者的综合影响 ,相对来说以火干扰强度的影响更为显著。低频或高强类的火干扰易造成种群的世代数减少 ;高频或低强类的火干扰易造成世代数增多。世代数还随林型组类型而变化 ,溪旁林组 >赤杨林组 >杜香林组。兴安落叶松种群基于火干扰的世代结构类型也很丰富 ,存在 3大类、6亚类和 12小类 ,空间分布呈斑块镶嵌状。其中以更新优势火前劣势型和火前优势更新劣势型为主要类型 ,空间分布较聚集 ,其它类型的空间异质性较高。这种世代结构也受火干扰频率、火干扰强度及两者的综合影响 ,其中火干扰频率主要对种群的优势世代起着扶持作用 ,而火干扰强度则主要对劣势世代起着制约作用。低频或高强火烧地上 ,世代结构为更新优势火前劣势型 ,中频或中强类火烧地上为更新优势火后劣势型 ,高频或低强火烧地上为火前优势火后劣势型。世代结构还随立地条件而变化。溪旁林组     

森林生物多样性保护原理概述

热点地区的分析,为我们确定生物多样性保护的策略和优先等级提供了依据;由于人类的剧烈干扰,现在地球上有许多物种和生态系统都处于濒危的境地,热带雨林的生物多样性丧失最为严重;热点地区虽然在地球上所占的面积很小,但却拥有大量的物种,这些地区的生物多样性丧失应特别引起我们注意;每个物种灭绝的难易程度不同,稀有种和长寿命种特别易于灭绝,而关键种一旦受到威胁,依赖于其生存的许多物种也会有灭绝的危险。遗传多样性的丧失也是生物多样性丧失的重要方面,种群内遗传多样性的丧失主要来源于奠基者效应、统计瓶颈效应、遗传漂变和近亲交配４种因素。物种的概念影响到对物种的保护,物种保护应包括物种内遗传多样性的保护;种群的动态调节机制和源—汇种群动态对于生物多样性保护具有重要的意义。种群生存力分析是了解物种濒危机制的崭新手段。群落中的种间关系和自然干扰体系是生物多样性保护中应考虑的重要方面。人为的生境破碎与自然景观的异质性不同,生境破碎会造成边缘效应和拥挤效应等一系列的生物学后果。     

我国林区非木质植物资源开发利用刍议

我国林区有丰富的非木质植物资源,它们可用于发展林区饲料、香料、食品和食品添加剂、药物及食用菌等生产。林区非木质植物资源的开发利用对林产化学工业的发展和林区经济效益的提高都有重要意义。本文还就这一问题提出了有关建议。     

陕北黄龙山森林植物群落的初步研究

水文对森林植物群落的类型、结构、生活型谱、排序和动态做了初步研究。结果表明:森林植物群落分2个植被型,4个群系,19个群丛组;群落垂直结构分乔术、灌木、草本3层,植物组成分属于34科、76属108种;群落生活型谱反映了气候条件;群落排序结果满意;顶极植物群落为松栎林,山杨、白桦林将为辽东栎林演替,油松林与山杨林、白桦林之间的动态演替关系值得进一步研究。