云南南滚河自然保护区蚂蚁群落研究

为了揭示滇西南地区蚂蚁多样性,采用样方调查法和搜索调查法研究了南滚河自然保护区蚂蚁群落。在16块样地中采获蚁科昆虫11亚科57属188种,不同样地蚂蚁群落的物种数5-72种,个体密度12.5-1234.0头/m2,优势度指数0.0887-0.7024,多样性指数0.7978-2.9355,均匀度指数0.2514-0.7170。沟谷雨林蚂蚁物种最丰富,苔藓常绿阔叶林物种最贫乏;橡胶林蚂蚁个体密度最高,苔藓常绿阔叶林个体密度最低;山地雨林蚂蚁群落多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,优势度指数最低;柚木林蚂蚁群落优势度指数最高,多样性指数、均匀度指数最低。季风常绿阔叶林和沟谷雨林拥有最丰富的稀有种,最有保护价值;山地雨林、落叶季雨林、苔藓常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林也有一定数目的稀有种,保护价值较大。相似性系数表明,不同植被类型蚂蚁群落间差异显著。     

深圳小梅沙村风水林群落及其保护

2005年和2006年调查研究了深圳小梅沙村风水林的历史、群落结构及植物物种多样性特点.该风水林群落已有400多年历史,现有维管植物145种,隶属63科106属.植物区系以热带亚热带植物成分占优势,优势科有大戟科、樟科、茜草科、桑科和蝶形花科.林冠层以樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、中华楠(Machilus chinensis)、水石梓(Sarcosperma laurinum)、山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)、假苹婆(Sterculia lanceolata)、白车( Syzygium levinei)等树种最为丰富.林下植物以大罗伞(Ardisia quinquegona)、硬壳桂(Cryptocarya chingii)、假苹婆、水石梓、岭南山竹子(Garcinia oblongifolia)、九节(Psychotria asiatica)、银柴(Aporosa dioica)等占优势.群落中有樟树、白桂木(Artocarpus hypargyrea)等国家级保护植物.风水林是华南地区珍贵的森林遗产,也是了解当地自然和人类活动对地带性森林发展的重要生物材料,建议加强对其保护.     

上海佘山国家森林公园主要森林群落的结构特征和植物多样性

以上海市佘山国家森林公园主要森林植被类型的群落学调查资料为基础,通过应用群落相似性和物种多样性测度方法进行计算分析,对该区域的主要森林群落类型、植物多样性特征及其演替趋势进行了分析研究。结果表明:佘山国家森林公园主要由白栎林、毛竹林、香樟林、朴树-榉树林、朴树-刺槐林、梧桐林和枫香-刺槐林等7种森林类型组成; 现有森林植被的植物多样性明显低于邻近的浙江地区,其树种组成也明显偏重于落叶树种,以榆科植物、壳斗科栎类树种为主,而常绿树种则只有香樟、苦槠、毛竹、女贞等少数几个建群种;从森林演替趋势看,未来上海佘山地区的森林主要为三大类:以白栎为主的地带性森林群落,毛竹林和以樟科、榆科、木犀科等科树种组成的常绿、落叶混交林。     

东莞市短萼仪花种群及其群落多样性研究

对广东省东莞清溪林场短萼仪花(Lysidice brevicalyx Wei)群落的群落结构及其多样性特点和土壤肥力状况进行了研究。共设置了8个400m2的样方,4个样方设置于连片分布的沟谷林中,其余4个样方设置在山坡上零散分布的大树周围。在调查样方中共记录了维管植物142种,隶属于68科103属。沟谷片生林样方的Shan-non指数高于散生树丛群落,山坡散生树丛样方的物种丰富度和均匀度指数高于沟谷林群落,相似性指数为0.41。两类群落的短萼仪花种群均缺乏小苗和幼树,种群结构呈衰退型。现有短萼仪花群落的土壤肥力与邻近的灌草丛群落相近,但较东莞市荔枝园和人工林地稍高。     

东莞清溪杨梅坑风水林群落特征分析

通过样方调查对东莞清溪杨梅坑风水林群落特征进行研究。结果表明:在面积1200m2样方中,杨梅坑风水林共有维管植物61种,隶属36科55属,以茜草科、桃金娘科、樟科、大戟科占优势;植物属的分布区类型以热带亚热带成分占优势;乔木层优势种为龙眼、肉实树、假苹婆、华润楠和臀果木等;灌木层优势种为假苹婆、蒲桃、罗伞树、牛眼马钱、穗花轴榈;草本层优势种为假蒌、蔓生莠竹、土麦冬和弓果黍,层间植物以藤本为主。整个群落年龄结构为增长种群;灌木层多样性指数和丰富度指数最高,乔木层其次,草木层最低;乔木层均匀度指数最高,灌木层其次,草本层最低。     

阿拉善盟公益林植物多样性调查与评价研究

根据典型样方调查法对阿拉善盟公益林植物多样性进行调查,并利用相关指数对调查结果进行分析,结果表明:阿拉善盟公益林内共有植物71种,隶属21科56属,其中豆科、藜科、菊科、禾本科等占总物种种类的58%,为整个植物物种的优势科;霸王群落多样性最高,且该物种组成丰富;绵刺群落及沙冬青群落具有较高的物种多样性,但物种组成相对简单;柽柳群落物种组成及物种多样性均较低。     

广州从化市江埔风水林主要群落类型及其多样性初步研究

基于广州从化江埔地区的5个群落类型9个400m^2的样地数据,对该地区风水林的植物群落结构及其物种多样性特征进行了初步研究。结果显示：9个风水林群落样方中,共统计有维管植物96种,隶属于48科。群落类型主要有荷木林、藜蒴林、中华锥林、黄桐林和黄樟林,乔木层常见树种为荷木（SchimaSU—perba）、藜蒴（Castanopsisfissa）、中华锥（Castanopsischinensis）、黄桐（Endospermumchinense）、黄樟（Cinnamo—mumparthenoxylon）等;灌草层以罗伞树（Ardisiaquinquegona）、九节（Psychotriaasiatica）、疏花卫矛（Euonymuslaxiflorus）、华山姜（Alpiniachinensis）、半边旗（Pterissemipinnata）等植物为优势种。乔木层多样性指数从大到小依次为荷木林〉中华锥林〉黄桐林〉黄樟林〉藜蒴林,灌草层多样性指数由大到小依次为中华锥林〉黄桐林〉荷木林〉黄樟林〉藜蒴林。藜蒴林群落乔木层和灌草层种类较单一,生物多样性较低。     

茂名林洲顶自然保护区森林群落多样性与聚类分析

利用样方调查法,在粤西茂名林洲顶自然保护区内设置32个20 m×20 m的样方,建立以样方——种类(株树)组成的二维矩阵数据库,计测其生物多样性,并采用等级聚类对样方数据进行分析。植物物种多样性研究表明:天然次生林的物种多样性比人工林高;等级聚类将本地区森林群落分为3个生态群组:大多数天然次生林归为一组,人工林归为一组,山顶矮林归为一组。并就森林群落类型、生物多样性特点以及自然保护区建设等方面进行了讨论。     

山西省二郎山国家森林公园主要森林群落植物多样性研究

对山西省二郎山国家级森林公园4种主要森林群落进行了实地调查,采用丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数等指标,对二郎山森林群落的植物多样性进行了研究。结果表明:4种群落共有植物40种,分别属于22科31属;油松林和油松+山楂林的均匀度指数和多样性指数均较大;林分起源、坡度、群落垂直结构和林分密度等对群落的植物多样性均有较大影响:天然林的植物多样性大于人工林;多样性指数随坡度增大而减小;灌木层多样性高于乔木层和草本层;林分密度过大,群落物种丰富度和多样性降低。通过研究,以期为二郎山国家级森林公园经营与植物资源的可持续发展提供理论依据。     

广东珠三角地区与香港风水林植物组成及其保护

风水林是华南地区历史悠久且极具地方特色的植物群落,是岭南森林珍贵的绿色文化遗产。自上世纪末以来,香港和广东开展了大量的风水林植物和群落生态学研究。文章通过比较和分析香港和广东风水林植物组成特点,探讨加强华南地区风水林群落研究的必要性和促进其可持续发展的有效途径。     

广东潮州凤凰山次生林物种多样性及群落优势种的研究

应用样方调查法,研究分析了广东潮安凤凰山省级自然保护区内2片保护状态较好的次生林群落的植物组成和物种多样性特点.在两个面积为1200 m2的调查样方内,共记录了112种维管植物,隶属于48科77属.次生林优势科为茜草科、山茶科和樟科.乔木层优势种为阿丁枫(Altingia chinensis)、尖叶假蚊母树(Disty...     

珠海市城市森林的总体布局与植物组成

本文介绍珠海市城市森林的总体布局和不同绿地类型的植物组成和配置模式。珠海城市森林分为 3大块 :城市中心区森林、西部城市发展区森林、东部海岛区森林 ;着重分析了以下 5种绿地类型的植物组成特点和配置模式 :(1)行道树的组成具有花色艳丽、花期长、树冠大而美、突出滨海特色等 ;(2 )海岸绿地植物包括红树林、海滩植物、沿海道路和临海低丘植物 3种类型 ;(3)岛屿观赏植物有 6 4种 ,分为 5种类型 ;(4)黄土石坡裸露地生态绿化分为 3个阶段 ,采用 4种不同的模式 ;(5 )残次林改造采用 3种模式     

粤西次生针阔混交群落的林下植被物种组成与多样性研究

季风常绿阔叶林是南亚热带的地带性植被类型,经采伐干扰和人工造林后形成大面积的次生林。参照CTFS样地建设技术规范,于2006年在广东粤西马尾松针阔次生林建立2 hm2固定监测样地。在对样地进行调查的基础上,分析了林下植被的物种组成与多样性。结果表明：（1）样地共有维管束植物207种,隶属于79科144属,数量优势科为茜草科、大戟科、樟科、番荔枝科、紫金牛科、禾本科和蔷薇科;单种属植物较多（101属）,占总属数的70.14%。林下植物泛热带和热带亚洲成分占绝对优势,具有南亚热带向中亚热带过渡的特征。（2）物种的丰富度指数表现出乔木幼苗〉灌木层〉藤本层〉草本层;Shannon-Wiener指数表现出乔木幼苗〉藤本层〉灌木层〉草本层;Simpson指数则为乔木幼苗〉藤本层〉草本层〉灌木层;均匀度指数为乔木幼苗〉藤本层〉灌木层〉草本层。     

Forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna, south China

1 Introduction The tropical area of southern China is climatically and biogeographically located at the northern edge of tropical Asia, including southeastern Xizang (Tibet, lower valleys of the southern Himalayas), southern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southern Taiwan and Hainan Island. The largest tropical area still covered by forests is in southern Yunnan. Tropical forests of southern Yunnan were little known until the late 1950s because of poor access except for some brief descrip-…     

3种改造方式对深圳龙岗区生态风景林植物多样性影响

通过样方调查,对深圳市龙岗区生态风景林中的未改造低效林、天然次生林及3种改造林分（林下套种林、皆伐林、疏伐林）的植物多样性进行对比分析,了解不同改造措施对林分植物多样性的影响.结果表明：各类型林分的物种丰富度排序为林下套种林＞皆伐林=天然林＞疏伐林＞未改造林;经过3种方式改造后林分乔木层的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数皆高于未改造低效林和天然次生林,其中Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数均以林下套种林最高,其次是皆伐林,Simpson指数以皆伐林最高,林下套种林次之;改造后林分灌草层的物种多样性指数均高于未改造林,其中皆伐林物种多样性指数均高于天然次生林.综合比较疏伐、皆伐和林下套种3种改造方式对生态风景林群落植物多样性的影响,疏伐是较适宜本地区生态风景林改造的措施.     

Biomass, diversity and composition of epiphytic macrolichens in primary and secondary forests in the subtropical Ailao Mountains, SW China

Epiphytic macrolichen litterfall was collected over 3 years from primary evergreen broad-leaved forests (PF), Populus bonatii secondary forests (PBSF), middle-aged oak secondary forests (MOSF) and old-aged oak secondary forests (OOSF) of the Ailao Mountains in SW China. To assess changes in the epiphyte communities of the subtropical forests, we compared the differences in biomass, species diversity and community structure of epiphytic lichens from the four forest types. A total of 51 species were recorded in this study. Species richness was highest in the PF, while α-diversity was highest in the MOSF. Lichen biomass differed markedly across the four forest types and was highest in the MOSF. The contribution of each dominant species to total biomass, except Nephromopsis ornata, was significantly different among forest types. Moreover, the percent contribution of foliose chlorolichens to litterfall tended to be higher in later-succession forest types, whereas the contributions of cyanolichens and fruticose chlorolichens were lower in these forest types. Compared to the PF, the lichen community structure in secondary forests differed significantly, implying that at least a few hundred years were needed for the restoration of these lichen communities. In particular, nineteen lichens were suggested as indicators, and eleven of them were present in the MOSF. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the observed differences were mainly attributed to canopy openness and the size of the largest tree, which represented an environmental gradient from exposed to sheltered habitats. The diversity of host tree species was also important in determining the composition and distribution of macrolichens. Our findings support the idea that the maintenance of the forest landscape mosaic of heterogeneous forest types may be an important management practice to maintain or promote the epiphytic lichen community of the subtropical Ailao Mountains.     

Detecting large-scale diversity patterns in tropical trees: Can we trust commercial forest inventories?

In this paper we seek to identify the floristic determination biases contained in large-scale commercial inventories conducted by logging companies and to determine whether this impacts on the observed patterns of alpha and beta diversity. The study focused on floristic data recently collected by industrial timber companies in the tropical forests of the Central African Republic (28,229 0.5-ha plots spread over 14,000 km²). A subset of these plots (n = 1107) was later re-sampled for controlling purposes by experienced botanists. The proportion of agreement between the two samplings was assessed for each species and independently for small and large trees, and at genus and family resolutions. Unsurprisingly, large trees and common species were more accurately identified than small trees and rare species. We found that the quality of the floristic determination increased slightly from species to families. We also detected a significant variation between concessions in the quality of the floristic determination that was more dependent on working conditions during forest inventories than on field workers. Contrary to a widespread belief, we did not find a strong bias toward commercial species, showing that commercial inventory data could also be valid for non-commercial species in ecological studies. Finally, we found that both alpha and beta diversity patterns in commercial inventories were highly consistent with those of the re-sampled inventory. This latter result shows that commercial inventories are well suited to detect large-scale patterns of floristic variation. Large-scale commercial inventories could thus play an important role in the identification of large-scale patterns in tropical tree diversity. This could enhance our ability to manage tropical forests by designing representative reserve networks and developing management plans that integrate diversity patterns at the landscape scale.     

Floristic diversity and carbon stocks in the periphery of Deng–Deng National Park,Eastern Cameroon

Carbon is continuously being removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and stored in carbon pools(live,dead,and soil carbon)of forest ecosystems.However,carbon stock in dead wood and of trees with diameters at breast height(dbh)between 5 and 10 cm is often not considered in many studies carried out in the Congo Basin Forest.The relationship between tree diversity,life-forms and carbon stocks has received little attention.This study was carried out on the outskirts of Deng Deng National Park(DDNP)to determine tree diversity(dominant families,species richness and Shannon index),assess carbon stocks in the five carbon compartments(living tree,understory,fine roots,dead wood and litter)as well as to analyze the relationship between(1)carbon stocks and tree diversity;and,(2)between carbon stock and life-forms.The Shannon index of trees≥10 cm dbh ranged from 2.6 in riparian forest to 4.3 in secondary forest;and for the tree between 5 and 10 cm,it ranged to 1.56 in riparian forest to 3.68 in the secondary forest.The study site housed 16 species,7 genera and 3 families which are only found in trees of dbh between 5 and 10 cm.The average total carbon stock of the five compartments varied from 200.1 t ha-1 in forest residues to 439.1 t ha-1 in secondary forest.Dead wood carbon stock varied from 1.2 t ha-1 in riparian forests to 12.51t ha-1 in agroforests.The above ground carbon stocks for trees with diameter between 5 and 10 cm varied from 0.7 t ha-1 in young fallow fields to 5.02 t ha-1 in old secondary forests.This study reveals a low but positive correlation between species richness and total carbon stocks,as well as a significant positive relationship between life-forms and total carbon stocks.The findings highlight the need for more data concerning carbon content of dead wood,carbon of trees≥5 cm<10 cm dbh and the relationship between carbon stocks and tree diversity from other areas of the Congo Basin for a good understanding of the contribution of tropical forests to climate change mitigation.     

广东潮州凤凰山次生林物种多样性及群落优势种的研究

应用样方调查法,研究分析了广东潮安凤凰山省级自然保护区内2片保护状态较好的次生林群落的植物组成和物种多样性特点。在两个面积为1 200 m2的调查样方内,共记录了112种维管植物,隶属于48科77属。次生林优势科为茜草科、山茶科和樟科。乔木层优势种为阿丁枫(Altingia chinensis)、尖叶假蚊母树(Distyliopsis dunnii)、木荷(Schima superba)、硬斗石栎(Lithocarpus hancei)和鼠刺(Itea chinensis)等,灌木层优势种为苗仔竹(Schizostachyum dumetorum)、尖叶假蚊母树(Distyliopsis dunnii)和木荷等,草本层优势种为芒萁(Dicranopteris pedata)、黑莎草(Gahnia tristis)和芒草(Miscanthus sinensis)等。不同的样方,其林木密度和胸高断面积也不同,以样方Ⅱ的群落结构更为成熟,林木平均株高和平均胸径较大。样方Ⅰ乔木层和草本层物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度较高,后者的灌木层物种丰富度和多样性较高。两个林分的草本层植物均较贫乏。与大面积的人工林相比,凤凰山次生林...     

中国热带次生林分布、类型与面积研究

热带林的保护问题已受到世界各国的高度重视,由于占世界热带林面积约三分之一的热带次生林,其经济和生态效益通常较差,处于相对被忽视的状态,因此也往往被进一步破坏。将次生林经营纳入可持续经营的轨道,是实现热带林可持续经营目标的重要战略。通过对中国热带森林研究、经营和统计资料的分析,结合本项目实施过程的实地调研取得的结果,文章对中国热带地区次生林分布、面积和类型作了阐述。热带森林主要分布在海南、广东、广西、云南、台湾,以及福建和西藏的部分地区,包括124个县市的全部和50个县市的部分地区。据可认可的资料统计,中国热带林地面积（不含台湾省）约1125．66万hm^2。其中有林地面积1074．49万hm^2,次生林面积544万hm^2。次生林占热带地区林地面积的48．33％,占有林地总面积的50．63％。中国热带林地和次生林的实际数字估计要比这一数值大6％以上,因为中国这几年高度重视林业建设,森林植被特别是热带森林植被恢复得很快,林地和次生林一直在不断增加。热带森林类型主要有：热带雨林（包括湿润雨林、山地雨林）;热带季雨林（包括半常绿季雨林、落叶季雨林、石灰岩季雨林）;南海珊瑚岛植被;海岸红树林等。从森林经理的角度,中国热带次生林的类型可分为：（1）次生阔叶林,包括次生常绿阔叶雨林、次生季雨林和次生季风常绿阔叶林;（2）次生灌木林;（3）次生针叶林;（4）次生红树林及次生珊瑚岛林等四大类型。