火炬松种子园经营管理技术的研究

本文从无性系管理、密度管理、土壤管理、花粉管理、树体管理、球果虫害管理等方面提出了火炬松种子园经营管理技术。     

浅谈总承包项目施工管理

从工程施工全过程的协调管理、质量管理、安全管理、文明施工管理、进度管理等方面,阐述了总承包单位的管理措施。     

生态旅游景区注意力管理的探讨

介绍了国内外对"注意力"、"注意力管理"研究的现状.论述了注意力管理在生态旅游景区中应用的重要意义.生态旅游景区的注意力管理包涵经营者的注意力管理,对环境保护的注意力管理、员工的注意力管理、生态旅游者的注意力管理、当地居民的注意力管理等.     

浅谈城市园林绿化施工管理的几个问题

近年来,城市园林绿化施工的管理问题逐渐成为人们的研究对象。文章对城市园林绿化施工的安全管理、材料管理、质量管理、进度管理和成本管理进行了深入的探讨。     

昆明城镇园林绿化养护管理对策研究

本文在调查昆明城镇绿地保有率、养护管理质量、养护管理组织结构、养护管理人员、养护管理资金量及其来源、养护管理成本的核算等情况,分析昆明城镇绿地养护管理存在的问题,提出昆明城镇绿地养护管理的对策,通过对策的提出,解决昆明城市城镇绿地养护管理中存在的问题。     

浅析设施樱桃管理技术

文章从设施樱桃升温及覆盖物撤除、整形与修剪、温湿度管理、肥水管理、花果管理、病虫害防治等6方面简要阐述了设施樱桃栽植过程中管理技术,旨在为生产上设施樱桃管理提供理论依据。     

生态公益林地籍信息系统研建

介绍了生态公益林地籍信息系统研建的目标和任务,在此基础上阐述了研建本系统的关键技术以及系统所具有的主要功能,主要包括系统管理、数据管理、面积管理、补偿对象管理、管护组织管理、资金管理、检查验收、资源监测、档案管理等方面。     

抓管理增效益 重科技出成果

管理作为一种复杂的劳动,对企业而言它包括生产管理、财务管理、市场营销管理、技术开发管理等多方面。管理的任务就是对生产力要素进行组织协调,各要素之间的配置是否合理,能不能做到物尽     

贯彻科学发展观 完善高校内部管理

该文强调提高高等学校内部管理水平是我国高等教育改革的目标之一，指出中国共产党第十七次代表大会对“科学发展观”的阐释为深化高校内部管理改革提供了科学的理论指导。因此，该文在科学发展观的基础上阐述了高校内部管理科学化的核心理念，即“发展、以人为本、人文”理念；并针对高校内部管理实践中存在的行政化倾向弱化了高校管理的学术性要求、经济性倾向弱化了高校管理的人文性激励、脱离高校特性的管理方式和方法降低了管理的科学性和效率性等问题，运用管理学的基本理论分析和探讨了完善高校内部管理需要科学处理的学术管理与行政管理、经济激励与道德激励、过程管理与目标管理、任务型管理与人际关系型管理、计划管理与控制管理等5种关系。     

森林资源“一张图”在广西森林资源管理平台中的应用

为了提高森林资源监管水平、实现森林资源精细化管理,活用森林资源管理平台,广西森林资源"一张图"与森林资源管理平台相结合,在森林资源管理、林业专题开发、森林资源监测、森林资源更新等方面发挥了重要作用,有效地解决了资源管理中图属分离、标准不一、更新困难等问题,为森林资源信息化管理提供了新手段。     

气动果树剪枝机研发方向的探讨

介绍了国内外气动剪枝机的发展现状及特点,在总结分析国内现有气动果树剪枝机存在问题的基础上,对我国气动果树剪枝机的研发方向提出了建议。     

Rejuvenating indigenous trees in agroforestry parkland systems for better fruit production using crown pruning

The effects of crown pruning of mature indigenous fruit trees of Vitellaria paradoxa C. F Gaertn (commonly known as karité) and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don (commonly known as néré) on recovery of crown size and fruit yield were assessed during 6 years in an agroforestry parkland system in Burkina Faso. Three treatments of crown pruning (total-pruning, half-pruning and a control of no-pruning) were applied to karité and néré. Each treatment comprised ten individuals of each species or a total of 60 trees of both species. Six years after pruning, higher recovery (81%) of crown diameter was achieved in total-pruned trees of néré as opposed to karité which recovered by only 73%. On the contrary, fruit production in total-pruned trees of karité recovered by 83% 5 years after pruning and fully (100%) 6 years after pruning as opposed to néré which recovered by only 57% 5 years after pruning but declined to 16% on the sixth year probably due to interannual variability. Fruit yields did not differ significantly between unpruned and half-pruned trees of both species throughout the experiment period. Total pruning may, therefore, be recommended to farmers to rejuvenate old trees of karité in parklands on the basis of fast recovery of fruit and slow recovery of crown in the species. Slow recovery of crown in pruned trees is the most desirable characteristic in parklands in order to avoid the negative effect of tree shade on adjacent crop.     

Factors involved in alleviating water stress by partial crop removal in pear trees

We studied the relief of water stress associated with fruit thinning in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees during drought to determine what mechanisms, other than stomatal adjustment, were involved. Combinations of control irrigation (equal to crop water use less effective rainfall) and deficit irrigation (equal to 20% of control irrigation), fruit load (unthinned and thinned to 40 fruits per tree) and root pruning (pruned and unpruned) treatments were applied to pear (cv. 'Conference') trees during Stage II of fruit development. Daily patterns of midday stem water potential (Psi(stem)) and leaf conductance to water vapor (g(l)) of deficit-irrigated trees differed after fruit thinning. In response to fruit thinning, gl progressively declined with water stress until 30 days after fruit thinning and then leveled off, whereas the effects of decreased fruit load on Psi(stem) peaked 30-40 days after fruit thinning and then tended to decline. Soil water depletion was significantly correlated with fruit load during drought. Our results indicate that stomatal adjustment and the resulting soil water conservation were the factors determining the Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning. However, these factors could not explain differences in daily patterns between g(l) and Psi(stem) after fruit thinning. In all cases, effects of root pruning treatments on Psi(stem) in deficit-irrigated trees were transitory (Psi(stem) recovered from root pruning in less than 30 days), but the recovery of Psi(stem) after root pruning was faster in trees with low fruit loads. This behavior is compatible with the concept that the water balance (reflected by Psi(stem) values) was better in trees with low fruit loads compared with unthinned trees, perhaps because more carbon was available for root growth. Thus, a root growth component is hypothesized as a mechanism to explain the bimodal Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning during drought.     

Root growth and carbohydrate responses in bearing citrus trees following partial canopy removal

In August, eight 4-m tall citrus trees were pruned by removing the top third of their canopy. Eight unpruned trees served as controls. Root growth, which was examined nondestructively with minirhizotrons over a four-month period, tended to be less in the pruned than unpruned trees seven days after pruning and this difference was significant (P < 0.05) from 14 to 49 days after pruning. Total reducing and ketone sugars (includes free fructose, sucrose and fructans) in the fine roots were less in pruned than unpruned trees 20 days after pruning, but not thereafter. By 30 days after pruning, at least 20% of the roots of the pruned trees at a soil depth of 9 to 35 cm apparently died. By 63 days after pruning, root length density had recovered to that of the unpruned trees, although starch reserves were 18% less in the fine roots of pruned than unpruned trees at this time. Nine to eleven months after pruning (May to July), total biomass of leaves and fine roots to a depth of 1 m were similar in pruned and unpruned trees. However, fruit biomass harvested in April from pruned trees was only 24% of that in the unpruned trees. In May, nonstructural carbohydrates in the fine and coarse roots of pruned trees were generally greater than in unpruned trees, possibly reflecting previous differences in fruit production.     

不同树体环境和管理水平对苹果树梨树腐烂病发生程度的影响

苹果树梨树腐烂病是对果树危害严重的一种病害,对果树生产造成了较大的威胁。通过对苹果树梨树腐烂病发生程度的相关性因素的分析,结果表明,苹果树梨树腐烂病的发生程度与果树大小年、树龄、果树生长状况、冻害的发生、土壤管理制度、修剪程度等都有十分密切的相关性:树龄1～10a的发病轻,20a以上的发病重;枝条发育不充实,不能自然落叶的果园发病重,枝条充分成熟的树体发病轻;易遭冻害的果园发病重;清耕不间作的果园发病重,间作的发病轻;重修剪的发病重,轻修剪的发病轻。     

Mitigation of effects of extreme drought during stage III of peach fruit development by summer pruning and fruit thinning

A water deficit during stage III of fruit growth was established with the aim of determining if it is possible to achieve an improvement in tree water status by summer pruning and fruit thinning. The experiment was set up as a randomized block split-plot design across trials (irrigation) where pruning was assigned to the main plot and fruit thinning to the sub-plots. The irrigation treatments were (1) standard full irrigation (FI), and (2) suppression of irrigation during stage III of fruit growth until leaves visibly withered (LWI); the pruning treatments were (1) experimental summer pruning (EP), and (2) standard summer pruning (CP); and three fruit thinning intensities were applied to facilitate analysis of the effects of the treatments in relation to fruit load. Changes in amount of light intercepted and in tree stem water potential (Psi stem) were evaluated. The EP treatment reduced the amount of light intercepted by the tree. In the FI treatment, there was a significant reduction in fruit growth measured as both water accumulation and dry mass accumulation. Under FI conditions, reductions in fruit load as a result of EP were not accompanied by a significant improvement in Psi stem. In the LWI treatment, EP produced a significant improvement of 0.17 MPa in Psi stem, but there was no improvement in fruit growth compared with CP trees. A reduction in fruit load from 350 (commercial load) to 150 per tree significantly improved Psi stem by 0.3 MPa at the end of stage III of fruit growth. These results indicate that improvements in water status in response to pruning may be insufficient to promote fruit growth if the pruned trees are unable to provide an adequate supply of assimilates to the developing fruits.     

杏幼树修剪反应的优化综合评价

本文采用优化综合评价系数法,对北京市密云县东关大队杏园主栽品种串枝红杏,在不同修剪强度下的幼树1a生枝修剪反应进行了综合分析研究。研究表明:在品种、年龄、环境、管理等条件一定的情况下,根据同一类枝条的基部粗度确定修剪量,可以比较合理地调节幼树主、侧延长枝与结果枝之间的关系,使树体生长旺盛,并能培养出足够数量的短果枝,为幼树的早期丰产及稳产打下基础。     

梯田堰边老龄低产花椒树更新改造研究

以梯田堰边老龄低产花椒为试材,采用随机区组设计进行不同修剪试验。发现刻芽、中截、重截、疏枝修剪处理均能促进新梢生长,提高叶绿素含量,显著提高花椒单株产量、穗重,增加花椒出皮率。以疏枝处理对花椒新梢生长、果实产量品质影响最显著。平茬更新处理的花椒树的叶色浓绿、叶片肥厚、生长壮旺,果实产量和枝量明显高于对照树,复壮效果明显。     

欧亚种葡萄设施栽培技术

叙述了葡萄避雨栽培简易大棚的结构和双十字V形整枝技术；采用石灰氮处理并在1月中、下旬的覆膜技术，打破葡萄的休眠期，促使提早萌芽结果，同时通过棚内光照、温度、湿度的调节，结合施肥，整形修剪等配套技术，达到葡萄的优质、稳产、高产。     

核桃实生苗建园良种化及配套技术试验研究

针对核桃实生苗建园良种化及相应的配套技术进行了试验与探讨。试验结果表明，利用实生苗建园可通过低龄幼树嫁接、合理整形修剪等配套技术措施实现核桃良种化栽培，与直接采用良种嫁接苗建园效果相比，成本低、效果好；立地条件的优劣、接穗的系列保湿技术及幼树的整形修剪技术措施均对核桃建园效果产生显著影响。