阿维菌素·灭幼脲Ⅲ号防治马尾松毛虫技术

阿维菌素·灭幼脲Ⅲ号为阿维菌素和灭幼脲Ⅲ号两种生物农药的复合制剂,有激素和抗生素两类杀虫剂的特点,具胃毒兼触杀之功效.运用阿维菌素.灭幼脲Ⅲ号进行低剂量喷雾防治马尾松毛虫具有良好的防治效果;在使用阿维菌素·灭幼脲Ⅲ号防治马尾松毛虫时,应采用80 mL/hm2(600倍液)的剂量进行低剂量均匀喷雾,可达到药物用量少、防效...     

灭幼脲Ⅲ号防治油松毛虫试验

灭幼脲Ⅲ号是一种无公害的生物杀虫剂，笔者采用不同浓度的灭幼脲Ⅲ号，对Ｉ同松毛虫进行了防治试验。并与氧化乐果等化学农药进行对比，结果显示，灭幼脲Ⅲ号与对比化学农药有相同的防治效果，其常量喷雾最佳浓度为１００倍液，可有效杀死油松毛虫，而对其天敌伤害极小。     

飞机喷洒灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂防治杨扇舟蛾试验

运用Y—5B飞机喷洒灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂防治杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)的试验,结果表明灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂是一种高效、持续性长的化学农药。低量飞防:防治用药450 g/hm2,防治率为96%;超低量飞防:防治用药600 g/hm2,防治率为95%。     

飞机超低量喷洒灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂防治试验

应用Y-5B飞机超低量喷洒灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂防治杨小舟蛾以及应用S-300C微型直升飞机超低量喷洒灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂防治刺槐尺蠖试验结果表明，灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂是一种高效、快速、持效性长的生物农药，用药量450g／hm^2均具有较好杀虫效果，防后8d校正死亡率分别可达87．9％、100％。     

3种杀虫剂防治枇杷瘤蛾幼虫试验

为了探讨1%阿维菌素、20%杀灭菊酯乳油和25%灭幼脲3号防治枇杷瘤蛾的使用浓度,采用随机区组进行了研究。结果表明:1%阿维菌素乳油防治效果最佳浓度是2500倍液;25%灭幼脲3号3500倍液防治效果最好;20%杀灭菊酯乳油3500倍液防治效果最好。     

灭幼脲Ⅲ号防治油松毛虫试验

用不同浓度的灭幼脲Ⅲ号,对油松毛虫进行防治试验,并与氧化乐果等化学农药进行对比,结果显示,灭幼脲Ⅲ号与化学农药有相同的防治效果,其常量喷雾最佳浓度为100倍液,可有效杀死油松毛虫,而对其天敌伤害极小。     

灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素混剂防治林木食叶害虫试验

利用25%灭幼脲Ⅲ号悬浮剂与阿维菌素乳油混剂及单剂对林木食叶害虫进行了野外防治试验.施用灭幼脲Ⅲ号与阿维菌素乳油混剂比例1:1,用药量0.5 kg/hm2,防后20 d幼虫平均死亡率93.64%,与单剂相比具有剂量小、成本低、速效的优点.     

灭幼脲Ⅰ号及其混剂防治赤松毛虫对比试验

灭幼脲Ⅰ号及其混剂防治赤松毛虫对比试验赤松毛虫是山东省沂水县山地赤松、黑松的主要害虫。生产防治中灭幼脲常常与其它化学农药混合使用，目的是提高灭幼脲的防治效果。我们在大面积防治松毛虫的同时，进行了药效对比试验，防治对象为越冬后５—６龄赤松毛虫。防治前调...     

生物农药防治落叶松毛虫效果分析

采用1.8%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲悬浮剂和20%杀铃脲悬浮剂喷雾防治落叶松毛虫,分析了防治效果。结果表明,不同浓度生物农药防治效果差异显著,其中1.8%阿维菌素2000～3000倍液效果最好,灭幼脲Ⅲ号和杀铃脲均以1000倍液防治效果最好。     

灭幼脲3号、阿维菌素林间防治马尾松毛虫的药效试验

林间喷洒不同浓度的灭幼脲 3号、阿维菌素防治马尾松毛虫幼虫的结果显示 :30 0 0 ,35 0 0 ,4 0 0 0 ,4 5 0 0倍防治效果均达到 79.7%以上 ,其中灭幼脲 3号 35 0 0倍液防效达 97.5 % ,可适用于大面积生产性防治     

Untersuchungen über Rückstandswirkungen des Häutungshemmstoffes Dimilin im Waldboden mittels eines neuen Biotestverfahrens

A new method for testing Dimilin (Diflubenzuron) residues in forest soils by usingMusca domestica larvae feeding on soil samples contaminated, is described. Laboratory studies showed that Dimilin affected the fly larvae above a limit of 0,0125 ppm. Dimilin (75 g active substance/ha) sprayed directly upon the forest soil resulted in 100% larval mortality when controlled immediately after applying. Two months later no residues of Dimilin were found. Immediately after applying Dimilin (75 g/ha) by helicopter againstDiprion pini only 12% ofMusca larvae in the soil samples died. This makes the extensive filtering of Dimilin-spray by tree-tops clear. The researchs show that control measures using Dimilin against phytophagous insect larvae in forests are not combined with a considerable injury to litter-eating insect larvae.     

Utilization of diflubenzuron to controlgelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepidoptera: Geiechiidae), a dangerous pest ofjuniperus excelsa M. B. (Cupressaceae) in Bulgaria

In 1992, experiments were carried out in Bulgaria to controlGelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepidoptera: Geiechiidae), a mining pest on the needles and young shoots ofJuniperus excelsa M. B. by commercial products Dimilin ODC-45 and Dimilin WP-25 based on the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron. Two Ultra Low Volume (ULV) treatments were performed - on March 12^th and April 16^th, during the emerging of the pest larvae out of the infested shoots. Dimilin ODC-45 was applied in a dose of 60-120 ml/ha (27-54 g a.i./ha), dissolved in 5l of diesel oil, and Dimilin WP-25 - in a dose of 200 g/ha (50 g a.i./ha) dissolved in 5l of water. The effect of Dimilin ODC-45 was very high - 92.5-97.6 %. The effect of Dimilin WP-25 was unsatisfactory - 63.4-70.0 %, which was most probably due to the fact that the oil emulsions adhere to the treated plants better than the water solutions, thus ensuring a longer period of action.     

Freilanduntersuchungen zur Wirkung des Entwicklungshemmers Dimilin auf die Honigbiene,Apis mellifica L.

Zusammenfassung Anläßlich einer Bekämpfungsaktion 1979 gegen die Nonne (Lymantria monacha L.) mit Dimilin (75 g Wirkstoff in 40 l Wasser/ha) in Fichtenbeständen bei Mainburg wurde die Wirkung von Dimilin auf 3 Bienenvölker beobachtet. Es zeigten sich keine Schäden an der Bienenbrut im Vergleich zu 3 Kontrollvölkern, die 8 km Luftlinie vom bekämpften Waldgebiet entfernt aufgestellt waren.Bei Freilandfütterungsversuchen wurde bei Konzentrationen von 1 und 10 ppm Wirkstoff keine Larvensterblichkeit beobachtet. 100 ppm verursachten dagegen 65 und 72% Larvenmortalität. Eine so hohe Konzentration ist jedoch bei Bekämpfungsaktionen aus der Luft nicht möglich.

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Field studies on effects of Dimilin on the honey bee, Apis mellifica L.

On the occasion of aerial controlling the nun moth,Lymantria monacha L., by spraying Dimilin (75 g active agent+40 l water) in spruce stands 1979 in Bavaria, three apiaries within the control aerea were compared with three apiaries out of this aerea. The results showed no damages to bee larvae. Also the weight of bee population was not influenced by Dimilin.Feeding experiments in the field using 1 and 10 ppm of active agent did'nt result in larval mortality.

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Mit 2 Abbildungen und 3 Tabellen     

Zur Wirkung von Dimilin auf die Imagines und Eier des Erlenblattkäfers,Agelastica alni L. (Coleopt., Chrysomelidae)

Effects of Dimilin on adults and eggs of Agelastica alni L. (Coleopt., Chrysomelidae) In consequence of treating adults ofA. alni with Dimilin the median number of egg clusters per female decreased about by a half. The absolute number of eggs was not affected. On the contrary the number of fertilized eggs as well as the number of hatched larvae decreased considerably. In the controlbreedings there were no differences between the quote of fertilized eggs and that of hatched eggs, but the treatment of adults with Dimilin resulted in a great difference between these quotes. The behaviour of male and female adults did'nt show changes. The eggs were susceptible to Dimilin, the young eggs more than the elder ones.     

Zur Wirkung des Entwicklungshemmers Dimilin auf Gespinstmotten (Yponomeuta ssp.) und ihre Parasiten

Effect of Dimilin prohibiting the moulting of insects on larvae of Yponomeuta ssp. and their parasites Field and laboratory studies made in 1974 showed that Dimilin [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)uera] prohibited the moulting ofYponomeuta larvae and caused 100% mortality of L₁-L₃ at a concentrration of 0.06 ppb. Compared with this the L₄ and L₅ were very less susceptible.All of the pupae growing out of L₅ treated with Dimilin in the field died. But from these puape a considerable number of parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera emerged, in the course of which the spectrum of species emerging, from treated and unterated hosts was nearly the same one.     

Über die Rolle des Häutungshemmstoffes Dimilin im Waldschutz und Waldökosystem

Zusammenfassung Der Häutungshemmstoff Dimilin hat sich im Waldschutz gegen freifressende Schmetterlings- und Blattwespenlarven hervorragend bewährt. Gegen saugende und versteckt fressende Gliederfüßler ist er unwirksam. Er gehört keiner Giftklasse an, ist nicht phytotoxisch und ist bienenungefährlich. Auch ein Teil der Wurzelnematoden kann mit ihm bekämpft werden.Bei phytophagen Insekten-Imagines kann Dimilin zur Verminderung der Reproduktionsrate führen. Gegen frisch abgelegte Arthropoden-Eier wirkt Dimilin ovizid.Den zahlreichen positiven Eigenschaften des Dimilins stehen als unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen vor allem seine Persistenz sowie die Häutungshemmung auch bei indifferenten phytophagen Larven gegenüber. Ob und wieweit unter normalen Bekämpfungsbedingungen Teile der Bodenfauna durch Dimilin beeinträchtigt werden, müssen künftige Untersuchungen zeigen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit hierzu ist sehr gering.

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On the role of Dimilin a new insecticide inhibiting the chitin synthesis in forest protection and wood ecosystems

In last years Dimilin showed high efficiency against free feeding larvac of Lepidoptera and Tenthredinidae injurious to forests. Arthropods sucking plant sap or living hidden at plants can not be reached by this substance. However some species of nematodes living ectoparasitic on roots are susceptible. Dimilin does'nt belong to a poison-class. It is'nt toxic to plants and to bees.Adult insects are influenced by Dimilin in the direction of decreasing the reproduction. The substance is ovicide against fresh laid insect eggs.Some side effects of Dimilin injuring the ecosystem are the long termed persistence and the destroying of phytophagous larvae which are economic indifferent. Further studies must show wether the soil fauna is affected by control measures using Dimilin.

     

Über die Wirkung des Entwicklungshemmers Dimilin auf Forstinsekten

Effects of Dimilin, a new selective insecticide, on forest insects Dimilin (PH60-40 (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea) is a new insecticide prohibiting the moulting of insect larvae. In last years studies were made in Munich in laboratory and under field conditions, partly by using of aeroplanes, to test the effects of Dimilin on several forest pests as well as on predatoring insects and parasites. The mortality of the phytophagous insects taking up the hormonoid by food reached 100% in all experiments. On the contrary the predators and parasites were spared. Solely some problems are included in the longevity of the substance.     

Zur Persistenz einiger Häutungshemmer auf Kiefernnadeln

Zusammenfassung Die Häutungshemmstoffe Dimilin WP 25, Dimilin SC 48, Cascade, Nomolt sowie Alsystin 480 SC wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Persistenz auf Kiefernnadeln bei Boden- und Luftapplikation überprüft. Für einige Präparate konnte bei den vom Hersteller empfohlenen Aufwandmengen eine sehr hohe Wirkungsdauer von bis zu 16 Monaten nachgewiesen werden. Durch eine deutliche Reduktion der Konzentrationen ließ sich die Persistenz bei allen Präparaten um ein Mehrfaches verringern, wobei keine Minderung der Anfangswirkung auftrat.

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Persistence of some moulting inhibitors on pine needles

Pine trees were treated by hand sprayer or helicopter with the moulting inhibitors Dimilin WP 25, Dimilin SC 48, Cascade, Nomolt and Alsystin 480 SC in order to check their residual activity. Some of these compounds showed a very long activity over a 16 months period. The residual time could be reduced significantly by lowering the dosages without any decrease of the initial effectiveness.

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Mit 2 Tabellen     

Bio-efficacy of certain chitin synthesis inhibitors on dipterous flies and mites inhabiting dung of farm animals

Dipterous flies are considered among the most important pests for man and domestic animals health. The efficacy of four insect growth regulators on dipterous larvae and mites inhabiting dung of two farm anaimals (buffalo and sheep) are compared. Also, their effectiveness on the predacious mites are discussed. Data indicated that the toxicity of the four tested IGRs, i. e., Dimilin, XRD, IKI and CME, to the dung survivors (dipterous larvae and mites) differed according to the source of dung and the occurrence of survivors themselves. In buffalo dung, Dimilin and XRD appeared to be the most toxic to the dipterous larvae and mites, respectively. While IKI gave the minimum toxicity to both survivors. On the other hand, with sheep dung an inverse trend was observed i. e., IKI and Dimilin were the most toxic to mites and dipterous larvae, respectively. Whilst, the least toxicity were obtained when CME and XRD were used on dipterous larvae and mites, respectively.     

Einstz eines Photoeklektors für junge Bäume zur Prüfung der Wirkung der Entwicklungshemmer Dimilin 25 WP und Bayer SIR 8514 aufOperophthera brumata L.

The test of pesticides in tree forests is expensive, because a helicopter mission is always required. However instructive orientating results can be gathered in young tree cultures, which were treated with pesticides from the ground, using a sprayer. In a five year old maple (Acer platanoides L.) culture in the Rhine-valley near Freiburg (Southwestern Germany) the effect of a new pesticide (Bayer SIR 8514, Trifluron) on the winter moth (Operophthera brumata I..) was tested, and the result compared with that of Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) and with an untreated control. The effect of the treatments was checked by means of gluebands and a modification of the arboreal photo-eclector. This photo-eclector for small trees is described and its advantages against the glue-band-method are discussed. Compared with the abundance on an untreated control Trifluron brought a 90% reduction of the winter moth population, Dimilin only a 70% reduction (results of photo-electors). However, the number of replicates was too small to show real differences between the action of Dimilin and Trifluron.