干旱胁迫对白木通光合生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究干旱胁迫对白木通光合生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,揭示干旱胁迫对白木通光合作用及生理指标之间的关系,为白木通水肥管理及栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:轻度干旱(LS)提高了白木通幼苗的水分利用效率(P0.05),对其它光合生理指标无明显影响(P0.05);中度干旱(MS)使白木通叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)及光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著下降(P0.05),而对Ru BP羧化酶活性、气孔导度(Gs)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)及暗下最大荧光(Fm)影响不显著(P0.05);重度干旱(SS)导致白木通叶绿素含量、Ru BP羧化酶活性、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、暗下最大荧光(Fm)及光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著下降(P0.05),胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、水分利用效率(WUE)、初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(CNPQ)显著升高(P0.05);在中度干旱胁迫下白木通幼苗光合作用的降低主要是由气孔关闭引起的,而重度干旱胁迫下光合作用的下降主要是由光合机构活性降低的非气孔因素引起的。     

模拟水淹对中华蚊母树生长及光合特性的影响

通过设置对照(CK)、持续性水淹(CF)、间歇性水淹(PF)和全淹(FF)4个水淹处理,模拟三峡库区秋冬季消落带土壤水淹变化,研究2年生中华蚊母树的生理生态适应机制。结果表明：不同水淹形式并没有显著影响中华蚊母树的株高和基径,而光合色素含量、光合及叶绿素荧光特性在不同水淹形式下却有所差异,CF 和 PF 植株光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭(qP)以及电子传递速率( ETR)均出现了显著下降,但 PF植株下降的幅度要小于 CF植株,除光合色素含量、Gs和 Tr外,其他指标均差异显著,而 FF植株光合色素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP 以及 ETR均未受到水淹的影响,与 CK植株差异不显著; CF和 PF植株叶片非光化学淬灭( qN )未受到水淹的影响,但 FF植株叶片 qN 与 CK相比却显著下降。虽然 CF植株较其他处理植株叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP 以及 ETR 均下降明显,但水淹处理植株能够通过形成不定根、特化的皮孔以及减少叶片数量来增加耐淹能力。因此,中华蚊母树具有较强的耐淹能力,在不同水淹形式下均表现出一定的适应性和可塑性。     

高温干旱胁迫下香根草光合特性等生理指标的变化

研究了持续高温干旱胁迫条件下禾本科C4植物香根草的光合特性和几种生理指标的变化.结果表明:在整个高温干旱胁迫过程中土壤相对含水量、香根草叶片相对含水量及叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)含量和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量持续增加,抗氧化物酶类(SOD、POD)活性先升高后降低.胁迫初期香根草叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著下降.随着胁迫程度加剧,PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSII有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、光化学猝灭(qP)、非光化学猝灭(qN)、电子传递速率(ETR)下降.表明高温干旱胁迫初期光合速率的下降是由于气孔关闭引起,胁迫后期指标变化是由于叶片PSII光合系统受损引起.     

NaCl胁迫对竹柳光合荧光特性的影响

为在盐碱地区开发利用竹柳,以2a生竹柳扦插苗为试验材料,研究了0.15%、0.30%、0.45%和0.60%NaCl胁迫处理对竹柳苗木叶绿素含量、光合参数(净光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs、胞间CO2浓度Ci、气孔限制值Ls)和荧光参数(初始荧光Fo、最大荧光Fm、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率Fv/Fo、PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm)的影响,结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫处理浓度的不断增大,竹柳叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数(Pn、Gs、Ls)以及荧光参数(Fm、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm)均呈逐渐下降的趋势,Ci和Fo呈逐渐升高的趋势;0.15%和0.30%NaCl处理的叶绿素含量和净光合速率均与对照处理无显著差异,而0.45%和0.60%NaCl处理的叶绿素含量和净光合速率均显著低于对照处理,说明0.45%和0.60%NaCl处理显著阻碍了竹柳苗木光合作用的正常进行。     

盐胁迫对桑树幼苗光合生理及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

试验以黄河流域和西北地区常用的桑树砧木-1年生实生桑树幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽加盐的方式模拟盐胁迫环境,通过设置1、3、5、7 g·kg.等4个盐分梯度,以不加NaCl(0 g·kg-1)为对照(CK),研究NaCl胁迫对桑树幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:1 g·kg-1NaCl处理对桑树幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)没有明显影响;而3、5、7 g·kg-1等NaCl处理则对Pn具有明显的抑制作用,5、7g·kg-1等的NaCI处理的影响显著,造成桑树幼苗Pn急剧降低,部分植株受害严重,甚至死亡.此外,1、3 g·kg-1等NaCl处理对桑树幼苗的气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)没有明显影响,而5、7 g·kg-1等NaCl处理则显著提高了桑树幼苗的Ci,降低了Gs、Tr和WUE.盐胁迫对桑树幼苗叶片的叶绿素荧光参数具有一定的影响.随NaCl处理浓度增大,初始荧光(Fo)呈下降的趋势,而非光化学荧光淬灭系数(NPQ)则先升后降,但处理之间Fo和NPQ变化差异不明显;1、3 g·kg-1等NaCl处理对桑树幼苗的最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ有效光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)没有明显影响,而5、7 g·kg-1等NaCl处理则显著降低其Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和ΦPSⅡ.     

不同女贞品种叶片生长性状及生理指标比较

通过盆栽试验,对金禾女贞、女贞、金森女贞和高森女贞2年生苗叶片的生长性状及生理指标进行比较,结果表明:不同女贞品种叶长、叶宽、单株叶片数和单株叶面积存在极显著差异;叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、叶绿素相对浓度等生理指标存在显著差异;叶片中的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量差异不显著。叶绿素浓度与光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)存在显著的正相关关系,GS与Pn、Fv/Fm、Tr存在显著的正相关关系。考虑单株叶面积、净光合速率和Fv/Fm等生长和生理指标,4个女贞品种中,金森女贞表现最优,女贞和高森女贞表现中等,金禾女贞表现最差。研究结果为了解女贞生长表现提供帮助。     

天台鹅耳枥叶片的解剖结构和光合特性对光照的适应

研究天台鹅耳枥幼树叶片的解剖结构和光合特性对不同模拟生长环境光强(全光照FI、中等光强MI和低光强LI)的响应.结果表明:与MI和LI叶片相比,天台鹅耳枥FI叶片最厚,比叶质量(LMA)、叶绿素a/b、最大净光合速率(Pmax)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、羧化效率(CE)和单位叶面积氮含量(Narea)较高.FI叶片叶绿体在叶肉细胞表面排列紧密,MI叶片叶绿体在叶肉细胞质中随机分布,LI叶片叶绿体在叶肉细胞表面分布较为稀疏,使得细胞表面产生了大量剩余空间.FI叶片叶肉组织加厚增大了叶肉细胞间隙面的表面积(Smes)和叶绿体在叶肉细胞表面分布的有效空间,使得紧邻叶肉细胞间隙面的叶绿体表面积(Sc)增大,所以FI叶片的Pmax较高.FI叶片叶绿素荧光参数F/Fm,Fv/F.的值较高,表明强光下其光能转换效率仍较高.因此,在全光照条件下天台鹅耳枥能改变其叶片解剖结构增强光合能力,适宜在光线较强的林窗环境中生长.     

欧洲黑杨基因资源光合生理特征与生长的关系

测定来自欧洲不同地区和我国的108个欧洲黑杨无性系(基因型)气体交换、叶绿素荧光与生长特征参数,研究欧洲黑杨基因资源光合生理与生长性状的遗传变异及相关性.结果表明:欧洲黑杨基因资源内气体交换、叶绿素荧光特征和生长性状具有丰富的遗传变异;来自我国和英国的无性系具有较高的净光合速率(Pn),来自匈牙利的无性系PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)最高.各检测参数在欧洲黑杨中具有较高的广义遗传力且变异系数较高,气孔导度(Gs)和PSII电子传递速率(ETR)可能是影响欧洲黑杨光合能力的重要限制因素.相关分析结果发现,Pn、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、Gs和ETR等参数指标在欧洲黑杨光合效率评价中具有潜在的应用价值;起源于塞尔维亚及其他南欧、东欧的欧洲黑杨可在进一步的杨树高光效育种研究中作为优良基因型选择的重点.     

NaCl和Na_2SO_4胁迫对香樟光合特性的影响

利用NaCl和Na2SO4盐溶液模拟土壤盐胁迫,对2年生香樟叶片的光合特性进行研究。结果表明,随胁迫程度的加强和时间的延长,叶片叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,至42天显著低于对照;净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)呈下降趋势;胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)呈先降后升的趋势。短期(14天以内)盐胁迫处理,Pn下降以气孔限制因素为主;较长时间(大于14天)盐处理,Pn下降转向非气孔限制因素。高盐浓度对香樟的伤害大于低盐浓度;同浓度情况下,NaSO处理比NaCl伤害更大。     

白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应

以白杨派单交和双交杂种无性系1年生扦插苗为材料,分析不同盐胁迫条件下无性系的生长及光合系统的反应,并对无性系间的差异进行比较.研究表明:盐胁迫对叶片生长、苗高生长及苗木生物量积累均产生不同程度的影响.随着盐浓度升高,各项生长指标迅速下降,但下降的幅度不同,苗木生物量积累受影响最大.茎叶生长对盐胁迫的敏感性大于根系生长,从而导致根/(茎 叶)生物量随盐胁迫的发展而升高.盐胁迫下4个无性系的净光合速率(Pn)日变化基本上都呈单峰曲线,但随胁迫加强,Pn值迅速降低.盐胁迫下,叶位从幼到老,Pn表现为单峰型变化,中部功能叶Pn值最大,嫩叶和老叶较小,盐胁迫对无性系嫩叶Pn几乎无影响,却显著降低中部功能叶和老叶的Pn值,且随着胁迫时间延长,对叶片Pn的影响加强.盐胁迫降低各无性系的叶绿素含量,且使叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化,其参数qN(荧光非光化学猝灭系数)值随盐浓度增加而上升,而qp(荧光光化学猝灭系数)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ潜在活性)值随盐浓度增加而下降.盐胁迫对双交杂种无性系B430影响最小,单交无性系毛新杨和亲本新疆杨次之,亲本毛白杨对盐胁迫反应最敏感.     

Effect of site and elevation on wood density and shrinkage and their relationships in Carpinus betulus

This study examined the effect of site and elevation on the oven-dry density and volumetric shrinkage of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) wood.For this purpose,45 normal hornbeam trees from three different sites (Mazandaran,Guilan and Golestan) at three elevations,300 m (low elevation),700 m (intermediate elevation) and 1100 m (high elevation) from natural forest in northern Iran were selected.Disks were cut at breast height from mature wood and test samples were prepared to determine physical properties,i.e.,wood density and volumetric shrinkage.The results show that there are significant differences between site and elevation on these physical properties of wood.The interaction effects between site × elevation on wood density and volumetric shrinkage were also statistically significant.At any fixed site,wood density and volumetric shrinkage increased with elevation.As well,their values at Guilan were higher than those at the other two sites.The relationship between wood density and volumetric shrinkage was determined by simple regression equations.Strong,positive relationships between wood density and volumetric shrinkage at each site were found.Again,these were stronger at the Guilan site than at the other two sites.Given a fixed site,the correlation at high elevation was stronger than at the other two elevations.     

生长调节剂对欧洲鹅耳枥水培生根的影响

【目的】筛选适合欧洲鹅耳枥水培生根的植物生长调节剂处理方法,并讨论欧洲鹅耳枥水培苗与土培苗的差异,为欧洲鹅耳枥生根机制研究及进一步生理生化研究提供理论基础。【方法】以欧洲鹅耳枥硬枝枝条为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂种类、质量浓度和处理时间对生根率、愈伤组织率、存活率、平均根数、平均根长、皮部生根枝条率、皮部平均根数、切口平均根数的影响及生根过程中的指标动态,并研究水培苗与土培苗形态、生理、根显微结构的区别。【结果】欧洲鹅耳枥水培既存在切口生根,也存在皮部生根,可通过不同的生长调节剂来诱导不同的生根方式。欧洲鹅耳枥水培生根最佳的生长调节剂处理方式为800 mg/L ABT1处理1 h,在此条件下,欧洲鹅耳枥枝条生根率60.14%,愈伤组织率75.25%,存活率96.67%,其生根方式主要为切口生根,生根数量较少但粗壮,大小一致,便于标准化生产;采用1 200 mg/L NAA浸泡1 h的处理方式,获得的水培苗全部为皮部生根,生根数量多但较细弱,发根位置不定,有大量根很长,不适合移植土壤但适合水培观赏根系。水培苗根含水量是土培苗根含水量的1.90倍,水培苗的根系活力显著低于土培。水培根系呈白色至浅褐色,基本没有木质化,不定根长且直,二级根少且短,缺少三级根,缺少角质层,且皮层的薄壁细胞体积大、形状不规则、排列疏松,维管柱占根横截面积比例较小。【结论】欧洲鹅耳枥水培既存在切口生根,也存在皮部生根,可通过不同的生长调节剂来诱导不同的生根方式。欧洲鹅耳枥水培苗与土培苗相比,根系形态及显微结构都发生明显变化。     

濒危植物普陀鹅耳枥亲子代遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记对普陀鹅耳枥亲子代进行了遗传多样性分析,结果表明,普陀鹅耳枥亲子代之间多态性比例（PPL）为4.88%,Nei s基因多样度为0.0135,Shannon多态性信息指数为0.0215,亲、子代间的基因分化系数（Gst）为1.0000,不同世代间的基因流为0.0000。17个样品间的遗传同一性均在0.9634~1.0000之间,而相互之间的遗传距离在0.0000~0.0373之间,表明普陀鹅耳枥的遗传多样性水平低,亲、子代之间保持了非常稳定的遗传关系。     

欧洲鹅耳枥秋冬变色期叶色变化的生理特性研究

以欧洲鹅耳枥1年生幼苗为材料,通过测定10月下旬-12月上旬变色期叶色、色素含量、酶活性、可溶性糖和光合特性的变化,研究其呈色机理。结果表明,欧洲鹅耳枥在秋季变色的主要原因是叶绿色含量下降,类胡萝卜素颜色呈现,且叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量变化呈极显著正相关（ P＜0.01）;变色期花色素苷与PAL活性、可溶性糖含量一直处于下降趋势,呈正相关,与POD活性、可溶性蛋白的含量呈显著负相关;变色过程中,气孔因素不是导致光合速率下降的主要原因。     

Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests, Iran

Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio (RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly terrain of Northern Iran. RAR values of the roots were obtained using profile trenching method at soil depth of the top 0.1 m. In total 123 root specimens were analyzed for tensile strength. Results indicate that in general, RAR decreases with depth, following a power function. The RAR values in up and down slopes have no significant statistical differences. In most cases, the maximum RAR values were located in soil depth of the top 0.1 m, with maximum rooting depth at about 0.75 m. The minimum and maximum RAR values along the profiles were 0.004% and 6.431% for down slope and 0.004% and 3.995% for up slope, respectively. The number of roots in the up and down slope trenches was not significantly different. In the same manner as for RAR, number of roots distributing with depth was satisfactorily approximated a power function. The penetration depths of above 90 percent of the roots were at soil depths of 50 cm and 60 cm for up and down slopes, respectively. Results of Spearman's bivariate correlation showed no significant correlation between the RAR value with tree diameter and gradient of slope and number of roots. The mean value of root tensile strength was 31.51 ± 1.05 MPa and root tensile strength decreased with the increase in root diameter, following a power law equation. Using ANCOVA, we found intraspecies variation of tensile strength.     

Leaf litterfall concentrations and fluxes of elements in deciduous tree species

The influence of tree species and soil properties on leaf litterfall concentrations and fluxes of elements were studied in three mixed deciduous forest stands. Leaf litterfall fluxes of sixteen elements were measured during autumn defoliation in 100 to 150 yr old individuals of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cordata Mill, and Acer platanoides L. Compared to throughfall and precipitation, leaf litterfall dominated the flux of P, Ca, Mn, N and Mg (in decreasing order) to the soil below the tree canopies. For K and especially S and Na, however, the importance of leaf litterfall input to the total fluxes was small. Fluxes and especially concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, P and partly N were positively related to base saturation of the soil, while Mn was negatively related due to a higher mobilization rate and plant uptake of this element on acid soils. Litterfall fluxes for C. betulus were strongly positively influenced by base saturation and fluxes were usually higher than for F. sylvatica and Q. robur at the richest site. Quercus robur had often the lowest fluxes, especially of Ca and Mg. Tilia cordata had the highest leaf litter concentrations in twelve of the sixteen elements, and the highest fluxes particularly of N and K. Acer platanoides had the highest or among the highest concentrations and fluxes of Ca, Zn and Mn. The concentration of Al in C. betulus leaf litterfall, was about five times higher than in all other tree species at all sites.     

天台鹅耳枥育苗试验初报

采用播种育苗、扦插育苗2种方法,探讨不同的采种、播种时间对种子育苗出苗率、存苗率和苗木生长的影响,及ABT生根粉浓度、浸泡时间对扦插成活率和根长的影响。结果表明:10月28日采种、当年冬播较合适,出苗率和存苗率分别达到72%和52%,比春播分别提高32%和25%;6月21日采集插穗经ABT生根粉100 mg·kg-1溶液处理2 h扦插成活率较高,达27.7%,根长达14 cm。     

Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests, Iran

Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio (RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly terrain of Northern Iran. RAR values of the roots were obtained using profile trenching method at soil depth of the top 0.1 m. In total 123 root specimens were analyzed for tensile strength. Results indicate that in general, RAR decreases with depth, following a power function. The RAR values in up and down slopes have no significant statistical differences. In most cases, the maximum RAR values were located in soil depth of the top 0.1 m, with maximum rooting depth at about 0.75 m. The minimum and maximum RAR values along the profiles were 0.004% and 6.431% for down slope and 0.004% and 3.995% for up slope, respectively. The number of roots in the up and down slope trenches was not significantly different. In the same manner as for RAR, number of roots distributing with depth was satisfactorily approximated a power function. The penetration depths of above 90 percent of the roots were at soil depths of 50 cm and 60 cm for up and down slopes, respectively. Results of Spearman’s bivariate correlation showed no significant correlation between the RAR value with tree diameter and gradient of slope and number of roots. The mean value of root tensile strength was 31.51 ± 1.05 MPa and root tensile strength decreased with the increase in root diameter, following a power law equation. Using ANCOVA, we found intraspecies variation of tensile strength. Biography: Ehsan Abdi (1978– ), Male, Ph.D candidate, in the Department of Forestry, University of Tehran, Karaj 31585-3314, Iran.     

Brenneria spp. and Rahnella victoriana associated with acute oak decline symptoms on oak and hornbeam in Iran

Decline diseases of forest trees are complex syndromes not attributable to single causal factors. In Iran, symptoms of decline disease have been observed in a number of native forest species including Quercus castaneifolia (chestnut‐leaved oak), Q. brantii (Persian oak) and Carpinus betulus (hornbeam). The symptoms are prevalent in the northern forests and the Zagros mountain forests. There are parallels between the disease in Iran and acute oak decline (AOD) reported in the UK, specifically the presence of weeping cankers, which have been attributed to a polybacterial complex wherein Brenneria goodwinii is considered a key necrogen. Based on the AOD symptomatology, and as a first step towards discovering potential causal agents of the stem weeping symptoms of affected trees in Iran, necrotic tissues were tested primarily for the presence of B. goodwinii. Symptomatic Q. castaneifolia and C. betulus from the Mazandaran Province and symptomatic Q. brantii from Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province were sampled. Isolation and culture on a selective medium yielded uniform bacterial colonies. Isolates were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic (DNA sequencing) tests. The isolates were phenotypically identical to members of Pectobacteriaceae and Yersiniaceae, specifically Brenneria and Rahnella spp. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes gyrB, infB and atpD (MLSA) amplified via PCR demonstrated that the isolates from the trees in Iran were indeed B. goodwinii, B. roseae subsp. roseae, Rahnella victoriana and an unknown species of Brenneria. Most bacteria isolated from non‐symptomatic trees were Gram‐positive, and Pseudomonas spp. were dominant, but bacterial species isolated from the diseased trees were not detected in healthy trees. Hypersensitivity response tests were positive, but inoculation on saplings was more variable with internal necrosis developing only once in the test period. Therefore, further testing is required. This is the first report of the incidence of B. goodwinii, B. roseae subsp. roseae, R. victoriana and Brenneria sp. associated with acute oak decline‐like symptoms on Q. castaneifolia, Q. brantii and C. betulus across the western forests of Iran and in the world.     

Effects of litter quality and parent material on organic matter characteristics and N-dynamics in Luxembourg beech and hornbeam forests

To test effects of litter quality and soil conditions on N-dynamics, we selected seven forests in Luxembourg dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), and located on acid loam, decalcified marl or limestone, and measured organic matter characteristics, microbial C and N and net N-mineralization in a laboratory incubation experiment. Organic layer characteristics were significantly affected by species, with lower litter decay and higher accumulation under the less palatable beech, even on limestone. However, beech and hornbeam did not show any differences in N-cycling at all. Instead of species, N-cycling was affected by site conditions, albeit different than expected. Microbial N generally increased from acid loam to limestone, but acid loam showed higher net N-mineralization, especially in the organic layer. Also, acid loam showed high instead of low efficiency of N-mineralization per unit microbe, in both organic layer and mineral topsoil. In addition, acid loam showed net consumption of DOC instead of release in both soil layers, which suggests that not N, but C was a limiting factor to decomposition. In contrast, limestone showed low net N-mineralization in the organic layer, despite high mass and well-decomposed organic matter, and low efficiency of N-mineralization per unit microbe in both organic layer and mineral topsoil. DOC was net released instead of consumed, which supported that not C, but N was a limiting factor. The general lack of differences in net N-cycling between species, but relatively clear site effects, is discussed in relation to different microbial strategies. Acid soil may have high net N-release despite low biological activity, because N-requirements of fungi are also low, while in calcareous soil, high bacterial N-demand may counteract high gross N-release. Thus, species producing litter that decomposes rapidly may be planted to improve soil conditions and plant biodiversity, but litter quality effects on N-availability may be less important than soil conditions.