数字

17个城市获＂国家森林城市＂称号 这17个城市是：山东省淄博市和枣庄市、河北省张家口市、江苏省镇江市、浙江省温州市、安徽省合肥市和安庆市、江西省吉安市和抚州市、河南省郑州市和鹤壁市、湖北省襄阳市和随州市、湖南省郴州市和株洲市、广东省惠州市、四川省德阳市。     

四川省不同产地核桃脂肪酸含量的变化

分析测定四川省13个产地156株核桃实生类型的脂肪酸组成和含量,分析生态因子与核桃脂肪性状和脂肪酸组成的典型相关性.结果表明:核桃的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量之和占脂肪的99%,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪的91%,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量之和占脂肪的60%.海拔、1月平均气温、经度和大于10 ℃年积温是影响核桃饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸形成的重要生态因子.核桃饱和脂肪酸含量随着1月平均气温和经度的升高而增加,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量随着大于10 ℃年积温和海拔的升高而增加.年平均相对湿度和年平均气温是影响核桃亚麻酸合成的主要生态因子.亚麻酸含量随着年平均相对湿度和年平均气温的升高而增加.年平均气温和1月平均气温是影响油酸和亚油酸合成的主要因子.油酸和亚油酸含量随年平均气温和1月平均气温的降低而增加.     

云南省竹藤产业协会

云南省竹藤产业协会是一个行业性联合会,其宗旨:坚持"弘扬竹文化,发展竹产业,振兴竹经济";团结和组织广大从事竹藤研究、教学和技术推广的科技工作者;联合有关竹藤培育和经营竹藤产品开发、生产和销售的团体、企业和个人,发展竹藤产品生产,提高其经济、生态和社会效益;致力于改善人们的生活条件和生存环境,创     

新准则的实施对财务报表分析的影响

财务报表分析是一定的财务分析主体以企业的财务报告和财务资源为依据,采用一定的标准,运用科学系统的方法,对企业的财务状况和经营成果、财务信用和财务风险以及财务总体情况和未来发展趋势的分析和评价.而新准则的出台,将会对企业利润和所有者权益造成影响,进而影响对财务报表的分析.     

甲壳素和壳聚糖的研究及其在农林业中的应用

本文扼要介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖的性质、研究概况和主要用途,着重论述了甲壳素和壳聚糖在农业和林业中的应用情况,分析了甲壳素和壳聚糖在林业中的潜在应用前景,指出安全无毒且对环境无公害的天然高分子壳聚糖和甲壳素在林木种子处理、森林土壤改良、森林病虫害防治、水果保鲜和木材工业中均有很光明的应用前景。     

南京和上海海关进口原木锯材数量和价值金额分居榜首

今年1-7月份，我国从海关进口原木和锯材数量分别为24391562m^3和12004702m^3；价值金额分别为46．912亿美元和31．57亿美元。其中从南京海关和上海海关进口的原木和锯材数量分居全国第一名。     

我国将按照四大原则抑制产能过剩重复建设

近Et,发展改革委等部门制订了《关于抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设引导产业健康发展的若干意见》,提出了控制增量和优化存量相结合,分类指导和有保有压相结合,培育新兴产业和提升传统产业相结合,市场引导和宏观调控相结合的四项原则。国家发改委产业协调司司长陈斌10月15说,在经济企稳回升的关键时期,推动结构调整工作至关重要。抑制产能过剩和重复建设所涉及的行业具有很强的市场性和全球资源配置特点,     

土壤水分和氮素对针叶树种苗期生长的影响

指出了华北落叶松和云杉是华北地区重要的针叶树种,以华北落叶松和云杉作为研究对象,通过人工控制条件进行了栽培实验,设置了不同的土壤水分和氮素营养处理,调查了苗期苗高、地径、枝干生物量、根生物量和叶绿素含量,研究了土壤水分和氮素营养对华北落叶松和云杉苗期生长的效应,结果表明：华北落叶松和云杉苗期生长对土壤水分响应和氮素浓度响应均存在差异。     

柏木优树家系苗期生长表现

以来自重庆市和浙江省千岛湖的4个种源34个柏木优树家系2年生苗为材料,研究家系和种源间苗期生长性状的差异性。结果表明:苗高与地径在家系和种源间均存在极显著差异,家系间变异系数分别为11.37%和18.89%,种源间变异系数分别为7.25%和12.58%,说明柏木的苗高与地径在家系和种源间存在较为丰富的变异,具有选育潜力。按15%的入选率,筛选出5个柏木苗期速生优良家系丰05、丰03、丰04、丰01和忠13。5个优良家系平均苗高和地径分别为79.04 cm和9.99 mm,高出参试家系平均苗高和地径的15.43%和31.37%,比对照高19.94%和49.15%。     

建立中国特色国家公园体制的探讨

介绍了国家公园的概念和发展历程,并通过对美国、德国和加拿大国家公园管理模式的分析比较和经验总结,结合我国保护体系现状和存在问题,提出应从建立专门的法律体系和统一管理机构,实现所有权、管理权和经营权的适度分离,创新融资方式和拓宽融资渠道,依托林业部门建立国家公园试点,建立公众参与机制以及科学决策系统等来建立中国特色国家公园体制。     

板栗优质高产途径及其技术措施的研究

增加结果母枝粗度、减少生理落果、改善内腔光照条件、适当控制树冠体积、提高栗棚内的栗果数与栗果重、缩短由小年到大年的时间,以及适时防治病虫害是板栗优质高产的有效途径。同时提出了实现各途径的主要技术措施。     

林木低磷胁迫适应机制研究进展

土壤有效磷缺乏在自然环境中是一种非常普遍的现象,近年来世界各国针对植物的觅磷和耐磷机制进行了大量研究,然而目前相关的综述性报道多限于农作物,对林木低磷胁迫适应性的综述性报道尚不多见。在长期进化过程中,林木为利用土壤中现有的含量极低的有效磷,形成了各种适应低磷胁迫的机制。文中从林木根系的形态学变化、根系分泌物对土壤难溶性磷的活化作用、林木对土壤低浓度有效磷的吸收利用以及应对低磷胁迫的遗传调控等方面综述了低磷环境中林木的适应机制,为揭示林木对缺磷环境的适应机理、发掘林木自身对土壤有效磷高效率的吸收利用能力、以及进一步筛选林木的磷高效品种和合理经营管理人工林提供参考。     

Determination of embedding strength of wood for dowel-type fasteners

Embedding tests parallel and perpendicular to the grain were conducted to produce a database of embedding strength of wood for the design of dowel-type joints. Dowel diameters were 8,12,16, and 20mm. Embedding strength was evaluated by the 5% off-set method and a maximum load up to 5mm displacement according to EN383. The embedding strength parallel to the grain evaluated by the former method showed values close to those obtained with the latter method, but they showed a significant difference in tests conducted perpendicular to the grain. The embedding strength parallel to the grain was 0.9 times as large as the compressive strength parallel to the grain regardless of the evaluation method. The embedding strength perpendicular to the grain evaluated by the 5% off-set method was four times as large as the compressive strength perpendicular to the grain. When the embedding strength perpendicular to the grain was evaluated by a maximum load up to 5mm displacement according to EN383, the ratio of embedding strength perpendicular to the grain to the compressive strength perpendicular to the grain decreased as the dowel diameter increased.Part of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan 1999, Hiroshima, September 1999; the 50^th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000; and the World Conference on Timber Engineering 2000, Whistler, Canada, July–August, 2000     

培育森林资源要走内涵增长的新路子

本文提出了培育森林后备资源的指导思想要实现６个转变：（１）森林更新方式由营造成片人工纯林为主向“人天混”上转变，（２）森林培育方式由粗放经营向集约经营上转变；（３）森林培育重点由人工造林向抚育天然幼壮林上转变；（４）种苗工作由常规技术向生物遗传工程技术上转变；（５）经营机制由单一全民造林向多元化造林上转变；（６）营林机构单一职能部门向公司化转变。这些举措对森林经营和营林体制改革都具有现实意义。     

加快构筑黑龙江省森工对俄林业经济合作的新格局

如何利用自身优势,加快构筑黑龙江省森工对俄林业经济合作的新格局,是黑龙江省森工目前亟待解决的问题。笔者结合黑龙江省森工对俄合作的现状,从诸多方面论述了现存的基础优势及俄方战略调整带来的新机遇,都为构筑新格局提供了可行的条件和保证;阐明了森工行业要想与俄构筑合作新格局就必须向开放型经济升级;并提出了面临新形势、新发展的新要求和总体设想,为实现森工又好又快发展,探索出新的发展方向。     

为21世纪的木工机械制造业作准备

本文中作者对２１世纪木工机械制造商的生存问题提出构想。     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

不同处理对草莓试管苗瓶外生根影响研究

为了简化培养程序,降低培养成本,以草莓继代芽苗为瓶外生根试验材料,采用三因素三水平正交试验研究不同栽培基质、激素、激素浓度对草莓继代芽苗瓶外生根诱导的影响研究以及采用不同生根处理方式,对成活率影响研究,建立草莓组培苗瓶外生根的技术优化体系。结果表明:A1B3C3组合(草炭:蛭石=1:1,激素NAA400mg/L速蘸处理)获得76.7%瓶外生根率,基质类型和激素浓度对组培苗瓶外生根的影响达到了显著水平,而激素种类对组培瓶苗外生根率的影响不显著。A3B3C3(草炭:蛭石:珍珠岩=3:1:1,激素NAA400mg/L速蘸处理)为最理想的组合;瓶外生根率低于瓶内生根率5.1%、根系质量优于瓶内,根活跃吸收面积提高1.34%、瓶外苗比瓶内苗缩短移栽时间30～40天左右,移栽成活率提高15%左右。     

改革和完善森林采伐管理制度,确保生态建设长足发展——以呼和浩特市森林采伐为例

文章根据呼和浩特市森林采伐管理中存在的问题,分析问题存在的原因并提出相应的解决措施,以便适应新时期对森林经营提出的更高要求。同时,对群众反映最大、意见最多和表现最为明显的现行采伐制度的管理方面做了有益的探讨,确保森林采伐既达到保护森林资源的目的,又能够充分调动广大群众参与林业生态建设的积极性,以便早日实现林业生态建设跨越式发展。     

Modelling near-natural silvicultural regimes for beech – an economic sensitivity analysis

Near-natural silvicultural regimes for beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), in the form of uneven-aged selective felling, receive increasing interest in Denmark. This is partly due to the ability of this system to preserve the forest climate and maintain important ecological functions such as bio-geochemical cycling and biodiversity conservation. The optimal age to convert from even-aged management to uneven-aged selective felling seems to be as early as possible, about 55 years, when sufficient natural seeding can be expected. A fixed conversion period of 100 years is assumed. This regime, here analysed by the use of a so-called chessboard model, appears to be economically superior to clear felling if the regime is initiated in medium-aged stands down to the age of 55 years, assuming a high site quality and a real discount rate of 3% per annum. Uneven-aged selective felling seems to be economically superior to even-aged natural regeneration, assuming that: (i) the stumpage prices of regeneration harvests are increased by 10%, or (ii) the diameters of regeneration harvests exceed those of even-aged management by about 17% simultaneous with an identical increase of the maximum stumpage price. Clear felling seems to be the more profitable regime only if: (i) the stand is close to the economic optimal rotation age for clear felling, and (ii) when the stumpage prices of regeneration harvests achieved by use of the uneven-aged selective management regime are reduced by 10% or more due to quality defects caused by prolonged rotation ages. The above results are sensitive to variation of stumpage prices, but less so to variation of regeneration costs associated with near-natural management systems. However, the near-natural silvicultural regimes may be unable to fulfill the liquidity objectives following from the application of traditional management systems.