侧柏抗病单株对叶枯病抗生机制研究

本文比较测定了对叶枯病具有高度抗性的侧柏单株叶中木质素和纤维素含量,苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）,以及细胞含水量和肉质化程度。结果表明,抗病单株叶片细胞中木质素和纤维素的含量高于普通的感病侧柏;抗病单株的ＰＡＬ活性和ＳＯＤ活性也明显高于感病株。并且发现ＰＡＬ活性木质素含量之间具有高度相关性。抗病单株的细胞含水量和肉质化程度则显著地低于感病株。综上指标说明,抗病单株在生理生化和     

亚硫酸对紫丁香、皂角叶片膜质过氧化的影响及其磷酸缓冲液的防护作用

以紫丁香、皂角为材料研究亚硫酸对叶片膜质过氧化的影响，结果表明，低浓度（５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的ＮａＨＳＯ３，使叶片的ＳＯＤ活性上升，ＭＤＡ含量下降。高于５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＨＳＯ３使ＳＯＤ活性下降，ＭＤＡ含量升高；且ＮａＨＳＯ３浓度越大，ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ变化幅度越大，ＮａＨＳＯ３处理也使得叶绿素———蛋白质结合度下降。植物材料经磷酸缓冲液喷洒后，膜质过氧化程度降低，表现为在各种浓度ＮａＨＳＯ３处理中，叶片的ＳＯＤ活性、叶绿素———蛋白质结合度均高于未喷磷液者；而ＭＤＡ含量均低于未喷者。表明磷液对亚硫酸伤害具有防护作用，防护效果与植物材料、亚硫酸浓度和生理指标有关。     

亚硫酸对紫丁香,皂角叶片膜脂过氧化的影响及其磷酸缓冲液的防护作用

以紫丁香，皂角为材料研究亚硫酸为对叶片膜脂过氧化的影响，结果表明，低浓度的ＮａＨＳＯ３使叶片的ＳＯＤ活性上升，ＭＤＡ含量下降，高于５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＨＳＯ３使ＳＯＤ活性下降，ＭＤＡ含量升高；且ＮａＨＳＯ３浓度越大，ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ变化幅度越大，ＮａＨＳＯ３处理也使得叶绿素－蛋白质结合度下降。     

山杨二元材积模型的研究

山杨二元材积模型的研究陈东来，秦淑英（河北林学院林学系保定０７１０００）关键词山杨，二元材积模型，拟合中图分类号Ｓ７５８．５１ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＳＴＡＮＤＡＲＤＶＯＬＵＭＥＭＯＤＥＬＳＦＯＲＰＯＰＬＡＲ（ＰＯＰＵＬＵＳＤＡＶＩＤＩＡＮＡ）ＣｈｅｎＤｏｎ...     

土进柿叶片膜脂及脂质过氧化的关系

在不同水条件下，对盆栽柿幼树叶片组织相对含水量，细胞透性，超氧化歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化酶（ＣＡＴ）活性，膜脂脂肪酸组分和脂质过氧化作用产和的－－丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量进行测定，结果表明：当水势Ψｓ下降时，细胞透性（ＰＥＲＭ）增大，ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性下降，脂质过氧化作用增强，膜脂中不饱和脂稔下降，饱和脂肪酸含量升高。试验证明：土壤水势Ψｓ＝－３．８０±０．４７ｂａｒ，各指标变化最明显。本试验条件下，     

1993年保定动植物物候观测年报（第8号）

１９９３年保定动植物物候观测年报（第８号）赵天耀（河北林学院基础部保定０７１０００）关键词动植物，物候，保定中图分类号Ｓ７１６ＡＮＮＵＡＬＲＥＰＯＲＴＯＮＰＨＥＮＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＳＡＮＤＡＮＩＭＡＬＳＩＮＢＡＯＤＩ...     

树木木质素含量的遗传变异研究进展

针对木质素含量这一数量性状的遗传变异规律进行了综合评述。木质素含量在种、群体、个体等不同层次上均表现出复杂的变异模式,环境因素有着不同程度的影响。木质素的合成途径有可能存在多条途径的替换或切换,然而利用基因工程技术对某些酶如ＰＡＬ、４ＣＬ、Ｃ４Ｈ和ＣＣＲ等酶改造时,在一定的程度上可以降低木质素含量,而对其它酶如ＯＭＴ、ＣＡＤ和Ｆ５Ｈ等酶改造时,并不降低木质素含量,有此酶基因的反义转化可以改造木质素     

搞好“双增双节”的实践意义及其措施

搞好“双增双节”的实践意义及其措施刘达（河北林学院财务科，保定０７１０００）关键词双增双节；市场经济；经济效益中图分类号Ｇ６４７．４ＴＨＥＩＭＰＯＲＴＡＮＣＥＯＦ″ＤＯＵＢＬＥＩＮＣＲＥＡＳＥＡＮＤＤＯＵＢＬＥＲＥＴＲＥＣＨＭＥＮＴＳ″ＡＮＤＴＨＥＩ...     

修剪、疏花及化控对野生欧李幼树的效应

修剪、疏花及化控对野生欧李幼树的效应宋海萍，李春兰（河北林学院保定０７１０００）关键词化控，疏花，修剪，欧李中图分类号Ｓ６６２．３ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＲＩＭ，ＦＬＯＷＥＲＴＨＩＮＮＩＮＧＡＮＤＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＯＮＣＥＲＡＳＵＳＨＵＭＩＬ...     

社会主义市场经济与世界社会主义的新飞跃

社会主义市场经济与世界社会主义的新飞跃张惠敏，梁易明（河北林学院社科部，保定０７１０００）关键词市场经济，社会主义，生产力，民主中图分类号Ｄ６１９ＳＯＣＩＡＬＩＳＴＭＡＲＫＥＴＥＣＯＮＯＭＹＡＮＤＮＥＷＬＥＡＰＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＳＯＣＩＡ...     

Ecology of tertiary relict endemic Liquidambar orientalis Mill. forests

The oriental sweetgum, Liquidambar orientalis Mill. is a tertiary period relict endemic taxon of the east Mediterranean. The flat deep hydromorphic soils rich in surface waters during summer months are the most productive sites for the dense stands of L. orientalis. It is mainly distributed on sandy soils, with an alkaline pH. The CaCO₃ content in the soils show a medium value and the percentage of total salt content is very low, but organic matter content is higher. The monoecious trees are on an average 15–20 m tall and form dense forests confined to floodplains, valleys and along streams and in a few dry habitats. The plant shows a typical leaf dimorphism with sparsely lobed leaves at the top and many lobed leaves on the lower parts. Fresh seeds germinate well and the percentage varies from 60 to 80. A syntaxonomical synthesis of these forests was carried out. All associations of L. orientalis including the newly defined Querco ilicis-Liquidambaretum orientalis association have been evaluated within the alliance Platanion orientalis Karpati & Karpati 1961. This alliance is included in the order Platanetalia orientalis Knapp 1959, and class Alno-populetea Knapp 1959.     

The flammability of shrubs and trees in anAcacia mangium plantation based on silica-free ash content

Preliminary research to understand the flammability of 14 species of shrubs and 8 species of trees based on silica-free ash content was done in order to recognize which shrubs or trees are more flammable. The results show that the silica-free ash content of shrubs and trees leaves was greater than the stems ranging between 1.7% and 11.4% for leaf and 0.4% and 7.8% for the stems. The shrubsDicranopteris linearis, Imperata cylindrica, Eupatorium pubescens, Lantana camara, Eugenia sp.,Cliforia laurifolia, Pterospermum sp.,Hibiscus similis, Clidemia hirta andTrema orientalis must be considered when fire invades the plantation as well as the treeParaserianthes falcataria, Eucalyptus urophylla, Calliandra callothyrsus, andPeronema canescens.     

锥栗对栗疫病的抗性与苯丙氨酸解氨酶的关系

健康的锥栗(Castanea henryi)皮层中,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力与抗感病性之间不相关.不同抗病性的锥栗品种接种栗疫菌(Cryphonectria parastttca)后,PAL比活力均上升,接种144 h后,PAL比活力抗病性强的品种比抗病性弱的品种高.接种前以及接种后的各个时间内,木质素含量都是抗病品种比感病品种高.绿原酸的含量与品种的抗病性之间不呈规律性的相关,从绿原酸对栗疫菌菌丝生长影响的测定结果可知,锥栗体内的绿原酸浓度不足以影响栗疫菌.可见,接种后的皮层PAL比活力以及接种前、后的皮层木质素含量可作为衡量锥栗抗病性强弱的指标.     

Inhibiting factors of symptom development in several Japanese red pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densiflora</Emphasis>) families selected as resistant to pine wilt

Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii, native to Japan, are highly susceptible to pine wilt disease caused by infection with a pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Trees of these susceptible species have occasionally been found surviving in forests that are extensively damaged by this disease. Seedlings from a part of surviving trees that were selected as resistant families indicate lower mortality rates after the infection. The factors that prevent the symptoms from developing in resistant families of a susceptible species, P. densiflora, as based on the analysis of the pathogens behavior in the tree tissue and the anatomy of the resistant families, are presented in this paper. Nematode populations remained lower in the stems of seedlings from resistant families of P. densiflora than in the stems of non-resistant families. Areas dysfunctional in water transport developed in the stems of resistant families, but did not reach a size large enough to seriously block the ascent of sap. These results suggest that there are systems within the seedlings that prevent nematode migration and reproduction. The 2-year-old seedlings from resistant families of P. densiflora, however, did not suppress the pathogen activity. Numerous branches are a visible characteristic in the seedlings of some resistant families. The arrangement of the resin canals, the only channels in the tree to the pathogen migration, was disoriented at the joints between the branches and the main stem. Such a structure may be effective as a barrier to nematode dispersal.     

Susceptibility of eliteAcacia mearnsii families to Ceratocystis wilt in south Africa

Ceratocystis albofundus is a recently described pathogen infectingAcacia mearnsii in South Africa, and it causes a disease known as Ceratocystis wilt. Symptoms of the disease include die-back, gummosis and wilting of infected trees. In order to select trees tolerant to this fungus, susceptibility tests were conducted on trees representing fourteen families ofA. mearnsii. A virulent isolate ofC. albofundus was selected and inoculated into the stems of twelve-month-old plants in a plantation. Lesion lengths, in the bark, and disease development were assessed after 6 weeks. All fourteen families ofA. mearnsii were susceptible to infection byC. albofundus. Considerable variation was, however, noticed between individual trees within the same family and the incorporation of disease tolerant trees into breeding programmes is proposed.     

Characteristics of leaf areas of plantations in semiarid hills and gully loess regions

The objectives of our study were to explore the relationship of leaf area and stand density and to find a convenient way to measure stand leaf areas. During the 2004 growing season, from May to October, we used direct and indirect methods to measure the seasonal variation of the leaf areas of tree and shrub species. The trees were from Robinia pseudoacacia stands of four densities (3333 plants/hm², 1666 plants/hm², 1111 plants/hm², and 833 plants/hm²) and Platycladus orientalis stands of three densities (3333 plants/hm², 1666 plants/hm², and 1111 plants/hm²). The shrub species were Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Amorpha fruticosa. Based on our survey data, empirical formulas for calculating leaf area were obtained by correlating leaf fresh weight, diameter of base branches, and leaf areas. Our results show the following: 1) in September, the leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) of trees (R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis) reached their maximum values, with LAI peak values of 10.5 and 3.2, respectively. In August, the leaf area and LAI of shrubs (C. korshinskii, H. rhamnoides, and A. fruticosa) reached their maximum values, with LAI peak values of 1.195, 1.123, and 1.882, respectively. 2) There is a statistically significant power relation between leaf area and leaf fresh weight for R. pseudoacacia. There are significant linear relationships between leaf area and leaf fresh weight for P. orientalis, C. korshinskii, H. rhamnoides, and A. fruticosa. Moreover, there is also a significant power relation between leaf area and diameter of base branches for C. korshinskii. There are significant linear relations between leaf area and diameter of base branches of H. rhamnoides and A. fruticosa. 3) In the hills and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, the LAIs of R. pseudoacacia stand at different densities converged after the planted stands entered their fast growth stage. Their LAI do not seem to be affected by its initial and current density. The same is true for P. orientalis stands. However, the leaf area of individual trees is negatively and linearly related with stand density. We conclude that, in the hills and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, the bearing capacity of R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis stands we studied have reached their maximum limitation, owing to restricted access to soil water. Therefore, in consideration of improving the quality of single trees, a stand density not exceeding 833 and 1111 plants/hm² is recommended for R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis, respectively. In consideration of improving the quality of the entire stands, the density can be reduced even a little more. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 2008, 32 (2): 440–447 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

Bark phenolics of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in relation to the beech bark disease1

The amount of total extractable phenols was determined for bark sections obtained from behind cankers naturally induced by Nectria coccinea var. faginata and from behind mechanically inflicted wounds on stems of American beech. Healthy bark from susceptible trees was found to contain a similar level of phenolics as bark from trees determined to be resistant to the beech bark disease. Six months after wounding, wound-altered bark from susceptible trees was found to be lower in phenols than woundaltered bark from resistant trees. Inoculation of wounds with N. coccinea var. faginata resulted in decreased phenolic levels in bark sections nearest the wound surface, and increased phenolic levels in sections nearest the vascular cambium, several mm distant. Phenolic levels in injured or infected bark appear to follow similar patterns as those resulting from injury or infection of xylem tissues.     

北京九龙山侧柏生态公益林空间结构分析与评价

[目的]分析侧柏生态公益林空间结构并进行经营迫切性评价,为侧柏生态公益林空间结构的优化调整及区域内其它生态公益人工林空间结构优化调整奠定理论基础。[方法]基于北京九龙山侧柏生态公益林的实测数据,选取混交度、大小比数、角尺度、密集度、林层指数、开敞度和竞争指数7个空间结构参数分析侧柏生态公益林的空间结构特征,并从密度、格局、竞争和混交等方面选取10个指标构建了经营迫切性评价指标体系并确定评价标准,进而对侧柏林进行了经营迫切性评价。[结果]侧柏生态公益林空间结构较为简单,林分呈均匀分布,树种组成单一,以零度和弱度混交为主,呈现单种聚集趋势;林木大小分化不明显,侧柏的优势度最大;林木之间较为密集,处于很密集和比较密集的林木比例较高;林分中所有林木几乎都分布在中林层与上林层,林层指数为0.288,林层结构不太明显;林分开敞度和竞争指数分别为0.274和0.318,总体处于生长空间不足、中度竞争状态;侧柏林的经营迫切性指数为0.8,经营迫切性等级为特别迫切,说明侧柏人工林大多数状态特征不符合标准,急需通过采取有效的经营措施优化林分配置,改善森林状况,以实现侧柏人工林可持续发展的目的。[结论]林分空间结构的分析与经营迫切性评价,不仅能够发现林分结构的不合理方面,还能针对性的制定空间结构调整措施,促进侧柏生态公益林不断向健康稳定的方向发展,实现其生态、经济和社会效益的持续发挥。     

普通油茶无性系抗炭疽病评价

[目的]评价110个普通油茶无性系对炭疽病的抗病性,为油茶炭疽病抗性种质材料筛选和优良品种推广提供科学依据。[方法]采用田间调查方法和病情指数法,调查2014、2016年两年中110个普通油茶无性系的抗病性。[结果]在参试的110个普通油茶无性系中,未发现免疫(I)、高抗(HR)、高感(HS)无性系,抗病无性系10个,中抗无性系30个,中感无性系65个,感病无性系5个,其中9号、21号、27号、40号、45号、66号、150号、164号、177号、219号是10份抗病无性系。[结论]综合两年调查结果筛选出9号等10份抗病无性系,为深入研究普通油茶抗炭疽病机制和抗病育种提供了育种基础材料和参考依据。     

Effect of Betula pendula clone and leaf age on Melampsoridium betulinum rust infection in a field trial

Ten 5‐year‐old Betula pendula clones were studied for their rust resistance in the field. The trees were treated by inoculating 10 leaves on a shoot with Melampsoridium betulinum urediniospore suspension or spraying the control leaves with water. The birch clones differed significantly in their resistance to M. betulinum leaf rust fungus and the clones also varied in their responses to the local rust strain and the inoculated rust strains. However, natural rust infections and inoculation treatment were positively correlated. The older leaves had fewer infections than the younger ones on the tip of the shoot in the control trees, but in the inoculation treatment no significant correlation was found between the leaf ages and rust infection. The factors behind the different leaf susceptibilities are discussed.