无患子种实形态及经济性状的地理变异

对我国无患子分布区7个产地的种实形态性状及种仁含油率进行取样测定.方差分析结果表明,种实各性状在产地内单株间的变异程度不同,但多数性状在多数产地内均存在丰富的变异,在产地内进行单株选择是可行的.在不同产地间,无患子种实各性状均存在显著差异,河南西峡产地果实和种子较大,与其它产地间差异显著.无患子种仁含油率产地间变异系数最小,与地理气候因子间不存在明显的相关性,而种子质量、种子出仁率在不同产地间变异系数相对较大,且与种实大小显著正相关,可以通过选择较大的果实、种子来提高产油量.聚类及相关性分析表明,在一定程度上,无患子种实大小和种子出仁率有从低纬度产地向高纬度产地变大的变异趋势,因此无患子高产油单株的选择应重点在较高纬度产地果实、种子较大的个体中进行.     

罗布麻种子的形态观察与分析

以吉林和新疆两个地区的野生罗布麻种子为材料,对其形态特征和种皮表面微结构进行观测,结果表明:不同产地的罗布麻种子在种长、种宽、种子大小指数、千粒重、种子附属绒毛长度方面差异均显著;种皮纹饰差别不明显,具有一定的稳定性,可以作为植物种鉴定的一项指标。     

不同种源江南油杉球果种子品质差异

以来自广西、福建15个种源江南油杉种子为材料,分析比较不同种源江南油杉种实在表型性状、萌发特性上的差异,为优良种源的早期选择及进一步的选种育种和种子生产提供参考。结果表明:江南油杉饱满种子千粒重106.86~193.35 g,近50%的种源其种子饱满率低于50%,田间出苗率种源间平均值为41.78%。江南油杉种实生物学性状种源间差异显著,产地效应明显。种子饱满率、田间出苗率、单果重和球果体积变异幅度较大,球果直径和种子形态指标的变异幅度较小。主成分分析结果表明,田间出苗率和果径比是江南油杉种子品质构成的最重要因子,千粒重和饱满率是次重要因子。江南油杉种子生物学性状不同产地间差异显著,这对江南油杉种源的选择与改良具有积极意义。综合4项重要指标对本研究中15个种源江南油杉种子评价得出,广西以恭城和大桂山种源种子较优,福建以福清、闽侯、闽清、永泰、邵武种源种子较优。     

同一种源锥连栎的种子形态特征及变异

以建水县5个锥连栎种群的34个家系为研究材料,通过种长、种宽、种形指数、单粒重及千粒重5个性状指标的测定,分析锥连栎不同家系间及种群间种子形态特征及变异。结果表明,锥连栎种子的5个性状指标在家系内、家系间及种群间均存在着显著差异(P0.05)或极显著差异(P0.01)。不同家系及种群间种子性状的变异均以单粒重及千粒重最大,种长、种宽及种形指数3个性状更趋于稳定,种群间变异小于家系间的变异。其种子的形状主要受遗传控制,受环境影响较小,种子大小及质量则受分布区海拔的影响而存在一定的垂直变异。基于聚类分析结果,可优先选择格安、双剑峰、红田、燕子洞4个种群的4号、8号、9号、10号、15号、19号、20号、21号和34号共9个种子质量优良的家系作为锥连栎的采种母树。就种群而言,则是红田种群和双剑峰种群作为采种林分。     

云南松种内杂交组合的球果和种子表型性状变异分析

以弥渡云南松种子园38个种内杂交组合的球果和种子为研究对象,测定球果和种子的单果重、千粒重和种翅宽等7个表型性状,采用方差分析、变异系数及相关分析等分析方法,探讨云南松种内杂交组合的球果和种子表型性状的变异。结果表明:云南松球果和种子表型性状在杂交组合和杂交组合类别间均存在着较丰富的变异,且前者变异大于后者;在杂交组合变异中,球果表型性状变异大于种子表型性状变异,球果和种子的质量性状变异均大于二者的形态性状变异;在杂交组合类别间,千粒重在个别类别间差异显著,其他性状则在多数类别间差异显著。球果和种子大部分表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关,其中球果质量越大,球果形态、种子质量和种翅宽就越大;球果形态越大,种子质量就越大;随着种子质量的增大,种翅宽也变大。     

三尖杉苗木生长和形态种源差异

利用来自11个省区25个三尖杉种源在福建明溪和浙江安吉两试验点开展苗期测定,研究种子、苗木形态与生长性状的种源差异.方差分析结果显示:来自不同产地的三尖杉,其种子、苗木形态与生长性状差异显著.试验观测到,来自东南部地区的三尖杉种源种子较长,苗高生长量较大,分枝稀少,而中西部地区的三尖杉种源种子较短,苗高生长量较小,分枝较多.三尖杉可明显地区分为长叶和短叶两种类型,东南部的种源多为长叶类型,而中西部地区的种源多为短叶类型,间有长叶类型分布.长叶类型三尖杉种源的种长、苗高和分枝数分别为短叶类型种源的116.8%、156.2%和1.54%.相关分析发现,较之于北部的长叶类型三尖杉种源,来自于南部的长叶类型种源苗高生长量较大,地径有增大的趋势;短叶类型三尖杉种源的苗木高径生长没有明显的纬向变异模式,其地径生长与产地经度存在一定程度的正相关.     

鹤岗和铁力红松种子园种子形态特征的比较研究

对鹤岗和铁力两个红松种子园的15个无性系的种子性状进行观测与分析,结果表明:千粒重、种仁重、种皮重指标差异极显著,出仁率、种仁重/种皮重、种长、种宽、长宽比指标差异不显著。千粒重指标与种仁重、种皮重、种长、种宽,种仁重/种皮重与种长、种宽,种皮重与种长、种宽,种长与种宽均呈极显著正相关关系,出仁率指标与所观测性状均无显著相关性。与种子质量相关的指标变异系数在两个种子园中差异较大,而种子形态指标的变异系数差异较小,说明种子质量受环境因子影响较大,而种子形态受影响较小。不同无性系的种子有关性状除受环境影子影响外,还与基因型×环境的交互作用有关。     

不同种源木荷种子形态变异研究

对10个木荷种源的种子长、宽、长宽比及千粒重等性状变异进行研究。结果表明:木荷种源间种子长、宽、千粒重等的差异均达到了极显著水平,长宽比的差异达到了显著水平;种子长、宽、长宽比及千粒重的遗传力分别为0.734 0、0.868 2、0.647 9和0.816 5。木荷种子长与种子宽、年均温度均呈显著正相关;种子千粒重与北纬呈显著负相关,与年均温度呈显著正相关。木荷种子形态特征地理变异呈现区域板块变异模式和随机变异模式。     

北方地区皂荚种子及荚果形态特征的地理变异

对我国皂荚北方自然分布区7个产地采集的皂荚种子及部分荚果进行取样测定,分别测定荚果及种子10项形态指标,结果发现:各指标在同一群体不同家系间差异显著;不同群体间,除荚果宽、种子长、荚果长宽比外,其余指标差异均达显著或极显著水平;单荚果质量、荚果长度、荚果宽度及荚果长宽比表现为同地理经度上的南北变异;荚果宽厚比及种子长宽比,表现为同地理纬度的东西变异;荚果厚度、种子长度与种子长宽比表现为西南-东北向变异;种子千粒质量无明显的地理变异规律,主要与分布地点的海拔高度、水分、太阳辐射及炎热状况的综合作用有关.     

桤木自然分布区内表型变异的研究

调查研究了我国桤木自然分布区四川盆地及其周边地区２１舛不同产地桤天然林或人工林的生长、果实形态、树皮形态、干形、材色和木材密度等表型特征,发现桤森种内存在着极其丰富的产地变异和（或）个体变异;其中木材密度和果实形态特征,产地内株间差异明显大于产地间差异。根据桤木果酴工度,果帝大小、形状,木材密度、材色等８个性状的产地变异,采用欧氏距离类平均法进行聚类分析,将桤木自然分布区初步划分为川西南区、川中－     

Differentiation of seed germination and early seedling growth in ten provenances ofEucalyptus microtheca

An investigation of seed germination and early seedling growth ofEucalyptus microtheca was based on seed collection from 10 widely separated provenances in Australia. Genetic variation of seed germination and early seedling growth was observed among a series of provenances whose natural habitats range from different climatic condition. In the ten provenances, both the model of seed relative germination percentage and the model of seed total germination percentage fitted Logistic regression [y=a/(1+exp(-ex+b))]. In comparison with provenances from four high temperature (mean annual maximum temperature >30.0 °C; mean annual minimum temperature >17.0 °C) areas, six low temperature (mean annual maximum temperature <30.0 °C; mean annual minimum temperature <17.0 °C) areas showed the fast germination rate and the high total germination percentage. For each provenance we have 45 seedlings equally divided into three watering levels (100%, 50%, and 25% of field capacity), and studies on relationship between early seedling growth and climatic factors of the natural habitat of provenance. In control treatment, height growth of the seedling has been associated with intrinsically the driest quarter precipitation in the seed collection areas of provenance. In all the treatments, length growth of the biggest leaf of the seedling was related to mean annual maximum temperature and mean annual minimum temperature in origin of provenance. In contrast, basal diameter growth of the seedling was related to mean annual minimum temperature of the seed collection areas in water stress treatment. From an ecological viewpoint, the fast germination rate and the high total germination percentage of the seed and rapid early growth of the seedling appear to be favourable adaptations to the climatic conditions prevailing in the natural habitat of provenance. Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

不同处理对凤凰木种子发芽的影响

凤凰木是世界热带地区著名的园林绿化树种,在我国热带南亚热带地区广为栽培,用常规方法育苗,种子发芽率低、发芽不整齐。为了提高凤凰木种子发芽率,采用沸水浸泡、浓硫酸处理以及砂擦种皮等措施,对种子进行播种前处理、催芽。试验结果表明:3种方法均能显著改善凤凰木种子的发芽状况,但以浓硫酸处理效果最好,其发芽率、发芽势最高,分别比对照高4．9倍和11．7倍,且发芽速度最快,平均发芽速度比对照快3 d;其次是砂擦处理,其发芽率比对照高3．4倍;100℃热水处理的效果较差,其发芽率仅比对照高 1.3倍。     

Effects of Ultra-drying on Viability and Physiological Characteristics of Platycladus orientalis Seed from Arid and Semiarid Areas of Northwest China

In order to supply quality seed for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, the effects of Platycladus orientalis seed storage under ultra-drying and accelerated aging were studied. The seeds were dried from 6.8% to 5.1%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% MC, respectively, in a desiccator with the silica gel. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of the seed were investigated. After ultra-drying, groups of seeds were carried on the accelerated agin...     

栓皮栎种子及苗期种源变异分析

收集了栓皮栎主要分布区12个种源的种子,对种子及播种苗进行了测定分析.结果表明,栓皮栎种子的大小、质量、发芽率及苗期的生长,在种源间均存在显著差异.栓皮栎中心分布区域种源的种子相对较大,发芽率较高,来自这些区域的种源苗期生长亦较旺盛.苗期生长的显著差异表明,栓皮栎种源间及种源内优良类型选育具有很大潜力.     

广西桂北不同地区毛竹种子育苗试验

采集广西桂林北部3个县9个地区的毛竹种子开展育苗试验,分析不同地区毛竹种子的出苗率及苗木生长状况。结果表明：9个地区的毛竹种子发芽率存在极显著差异,其中灌阳4区毛竹种子发芽率最高,灌阳3区毛竹种子发芽率最低;3个县之间的毛竹种子发芽率差异不显著;毛竹种子实生苗地径、苗高及平均根数在9个地区之间存在极显著差异,而根径则无显著差异;3个县之间比较,恭城县毛竹种子实生苗的平均地径最大,而灵川2区的平均苗高最大。利用种子实生苗生长指标进行聚类分析,可将9个地区初步划分为3个种源区。     

用浓硫酸快速催芽黄刺玫种子的研究

黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina Lindl.)是北方广大地区的优良绿化树种之一。其种子的繁殖关键在于种子处理,种子不经处理,播种后发芽不整齐,给后期田间工作带来不便。本试验采用浓硫酸处理黄刺玫种子,获得了催芽处理时间短、种子发芽率高、幼苗出土快、苗木质量好、单位面积产量高、成本低等优点,为黄刺玫种子育苗提供了新的途径。     

Influence of duration of storage at room temperature,pre-sowing seed treatment and fruit colour harvest index on germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> L.

Jatropha curcas L. is being promoted by governments for greening marginal areas for rural development and biodiesel production in sub-Saharan Africa, however large gaps in knowledge on its agronomy and yield potential exist. The effect of duration of storage at room temperature, pre-sowing seed treatment of Jatropha seed and fruit colour harvest index on germination and seedling growth parameters was investigated. There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of storage of Jatropha seed and seed oil content (P < 0.001, r = ?0.99), viability (P < 0.01, r = ?0.93), percent germination (P < 0.05, r = ?0.90) and germination index (P < 0.05, r = ?0.89). The relationship between duration of seed storage and seed oil content and seed germination parameters was best described by quadratic and exponential functions which showed rapid declines in seed oil content and germination parameters in the first 3 years of storage and a slower decline between 3 and 8 years of storage. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of storage and seedling height (P < 0.01, r = ?0.97), stem diameter (P < 0.01, r = ?0.93) and dry weight (P < 0.05, r = 0.91) that was best described by quadratic functions. Seed oil content was significantly and positively correlated to seed viability (P < 0.01, r = 0.96), germination per cent (P < 0.01, r = 0.94) and germination index (P < 0.01, r = 0.93). The relationship between seed oil content and seed germination parameters was best described by exponential functions which showed an exponential increase in seed germination parameters as oil content increased above 30% and smaller increases below 30% oil content. Progressive peroxidation of lipids as seed aged explains the loss of oil from the seed. Peroxidation of lipids produced highly reactive radicals that damaged membranes and proteins reducing seed germination and seedling growth parameters as seed aged. Pre-sowing seed treatments (seed soaking and scarification) produced marginal gains in germination and seedling growth parameters in Jatropha seed stored for 3 months to 8 years. Seeds harvested at the yellow fruit maturity index, 60 days after anthesis (DAA), showed the highest seed germination percent while seed harvested at the black fruit maturity index, 75 DAA, had the highest oil content. Harvesting of Jatropha seed for oil expression is therefore recommended at the black maturity index while harvesting for seed is recommended at the yellow maturity stage. The results of this study indicate that Jatropha seed should be stored for as short a period of time as possible to maximize seed germination, seedling growth and oil yield.     

柠条的繁殖体及其在荒漠植被恢复中的作用

柠条是半干旱黄土丘陵区人工造林中选择的主要树种。本文就柠条的种子雨、土壤种子库、种子萌发、营养生长和营养繁殖体及其在荒漠植被恢复中的作用进行了综述,旨在为柠条的繁殖生物学和荒漠植被恢复生态学研究提供科学依据。     

两种不同种源麻疯树种子发芽特征探讨

比较分析两种不同麻疯树种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数、发芽条件以及外观品质,结果表明：种源、种壳、种质、湿度、氧气以及种子前处理影响了种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数;破壳比未破壳的发芽效果好,种源A比种源B种子发芽率高,发芽期间应保持一定的湿度和通气条件,前期的消毒、浸种也是必需的环节。     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。