杂交相思母本苗高对扦插效果的影响

以不同高度等级的杂交相思实生苗作扦插母本,通过对萌条数量、扦插成活率、苗高、地径、根系生长及生物量的影响试验观测,结果表明:不同高度等级实生苗木作母本与萌条数量、扦插成活率、苗高、地径、根系生长及生物量差异显著;定植的母株越高,扦插苗成活率越高,扦插苗质量越好。     

华北落叶松苗木各生长指标动态研究

笔者以华北落叶松苗木为研究对象,采用区组设计,分别在生长初期、速生前期、速生后期和硬化期测定苗木的生长指标及叶片中保护性酶活性和大量元素含量,并对数据进行处理分析。结果表明:华北落叶松苗木高生长属全期生长型,地径生长量在生长初期最大,苗高和地径的生长高峰交错出现;叶绿素含量和根系活力在速生期间达到最大;3种酶活性在苗木硬化期达到最大。苗高和叶绿素、Fe,Ca含量呈显著的线性相关;地径与K,Zn,Cu含量呈显著的线性相关。     

深色有隔内生真菌与褐环乳牛肝菌双接种对樟子松生长及抗立枯病的影响

通过测定樟子松苗木生物量、抗逆生理指标及立枯病发生率,探讨单接种与双接种深色有隔内生真菌Phialocephala fortinii D575和褐环乳牛肝菌Suillus luteus N94后对樟子松生长及抗病性的影响。结果表明:双接种处理对樟子松苗木促生效果最好,苗高、地径、鲜重和干重比对照分别提高11.18%,14.11%,24.13%,41.09%。接种内生真菌和外生菌根菌可提高樟子松苗木对立枯丝核菌的抗性,在接种立枯丝核菌后,双接种处理的樟子松苗木保护酶CAT、POD和SOD酶活性比对照分别提高32.65%,10.96%和19.39%,丙二醛含量降低23.42%,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性分别提高33.97%和36.92%,内生真菌和外生菌根菌的存在可以降低苗木立枯病的发生率,提高苗木成活率。     

外生菌根菌对提高油松飞播造林成效的研究

采用外生菌根真菌──血红铆钉菇纯培养复合菌剂──８９０１号包衣油松种子进行飞播造林，结果表明，油松种子包衣接种８９０１号复合菌剂对石质山区油松飞播造林成效、苗高、地径等各项生长指标都有显著的提高。飞播试验处理区油松成苗率是裸种对照区的１．５５倍，苗木生物量比对照提高８４．６％～１００％，菌根侵染率提高１３０．６％～１７６．９％。油松种子包衣接菌飞播造林每公顷成效成本比对照降低了６６．７元，经济、生态和社会效益显著。     

GGR6在日本落叶松造林中的应用试验

利用GGR6号对日本落叶松造林成活率、苗高生长量、地径生长量、苗木根系生物量进行试验,造林成活率显著提高,苗高提高40.1%,地径生长提高33.0%,生物量显著增加,符合生产实际,操作简便。     

根际微域环境的调节对毛白杨根系活力及抗病相关酶的影响

以盆栽毛白杨为试验材料,采用均匀设计的方法,研究了外生菌根真菌、植物生长调节剂和植物抗病诱导剂以不同配比制成的耦合剂施用于苗木根部,对根系活力及抗病相关酶的影响。结果表明:除处理1外,其它处理的苗木根系活力比对照提高了6.71%~33.64%,根系活力最高达到14.34μg/g.h,比对照增加33.64%;于苗木旺盛生长期结束时测定生物量各指标,发现耦合剂使毛白杨苗高、地径、地下干重、总干重等指标均比对照有大幅度提高,幼苗生长更为健壮和迅速;用溃疡病菌对幼苗干部接种,测定了接种前后树皮中的过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,发现不同处理下酶活性变化差异显著。     

复合微生物菌肥对强力班克木苗期生长与生物量积累的影响

开展3个种源强力班克木的复合微生物菌肥施肥试验,研究不同复合菌肥对强力班克木苗期生长的影响.结果表明:施用复合菌肥条件下,强力班克木苗高、地径生长、生物量和养分积累与对照间存在显著差异,但在不同种源间差异不显著(P<0.05).施用复合菌肥能显著提高各种源幼苗的苗高和地径生长,与对照相比,苗高生长提高17.4％～30.83％,地径生长提高31.27％～43.27％.施用复合菌肥能显著提高苗木的生物量和N养分积累量,其中菌肥处理的全株干重较对照提高98.77％～116.67％,N养分积累量较对照提高47.31％～85.73％.3种复合菌肥(1号、2号、3号)对苗木生长均有较好的正向促进效应,其中种源38163在施用3号菌肥时生长表现较好,而种源38164在施用1号菌肥时表现较好.     

盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对沙枣苗木生长和生理的影响

【目的】研究盐碱胁迫下丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对沙枣苗木的生长和生理的影响,以期探索AM真菌提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱机制,为菌根化沙枣苗木在盐碱地推广应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用盆栽法研究了4种不同土壤盐碱度下分别接种根内球囊霉和摩西球囊霉对沙枣苗木的生长影响,并对沙枣苗木的光合特性、Na+和K+含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等各项生理指标进行测定。【结果】2种AM真菌均能与沙枣苗木建立共生关系,且GI处理对苗木的侵染率显著高于接种GM处理,但随着土壤中盐浓度增加,沙枣苗木菌根侵染率有所降低。在同一盐碱度下接种AM真菌可显著促进沙枣幼苗的生长,在中度盐碱胁迫下(含盐量1.56%,p H 9.52),接种GI和GM的沙枣苗木株高分别较未接种AM真菌植株增加了20.07%,9.68%,植株干生物量显著增加;AM真菌可显著提高盐碱胁迫下沙枣幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和光合生理特性,其叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs、胞间二氧化碳浓度Ci均显著高于未接种AM真菌处理的幼苗(P0.05)。接种GI和GM处理植株叶片组织内SOD,CAT和POD酶活性显著高于对照处理,但根系及叶片组织内丙二醛含量显著低于对照处理的植株,而其脯氨酸含量却都表现出显著提高。接种AM真菌沙枣根系和叶片中Na+含量较未接种处理植株显著下降,K+含量和K+/Na+比值显著提高。【结论】接种AM真菌能显著提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱能力。接种根内球囊霉的沙枣苗木的生长及抗盐碱胁迫能力的各项生理指标均显著高于接种摩西球囊霉处理的苗木,表明根内球囊霉在盐碱地改良方面具有很好的推广应用前景。     

氨基酸态氮对油茶嫁接苗生长的影响

以1年生油茶嫁接苗为研究对象,通过施肥试验,研究不同氨基酸态氮对油茶苗木生长的影响。结果表明:甘氨酸作为氮源能够促进油茶嫁接苗苗高、地径、生物量的增长,随施氮水平提高,苗高、地径、植株鲜重与干物重均随之增加,但浓度超过3 mmol/L后,促进作用有所减弱。等氮条件下,不同氮源对油茶各生长和生理指标的影响显著不同,其中甘氨酸、赖氨酸和丙氨酸对促进油茶嫁接苗苗高、地径和生物量的增长效果最好,赖氨酸态氮处理的油茶苗木叶片叶绿素含量、根系总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积均最高,故在试验所采用的6种氨基酸态氮中,甘氨酸、赖氨酸和丙氨酸态氮能够被油茶嫁接苗较好地吸收利用。     

控根对湿加松扦插苗生长与根系形态的动态影响

以湿加松扦插容器苗为材料,设置空气切根(30,50,70cm苗床)和不切根对照处理,分析处理后半年内株高、地径、地上部生物量、根系生物量、根长、根表面积、根直径、细根比例等指标的月变化。结果表明,控根影响了扦插苗的根系形态,但对扦插苗的生长与生物量无显著影响。处理4个月后,70cm苗床的切根处理显著促进了根系的伸长生长,但5个月时,切根苗木的根系转向粗生长的阶段,与对照相比,细根比例降低,而根直径增大。苗木生长量呈现与根直径的相关性逐渐增强、而与根长度相关性减弱的趋势,表明控根苗木根系形态的动态变化有利于促进苗木的生长。建议采用70cm苗床做湿加松扦插苗的空气切根。     

Evaluation on Salt Tolerance of 25 Species of Poplar Cuttings in Lab

The growth and morphological characteristics of 25 species of poplar were investigated. The cuttings were cultivated in Hoagland Nutrient Solution, which was made with sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions of concentration of 1.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00, and 8.00 g/L, respectively. Under such salt stress, the new branch length and biomass accumulation of cuttings decreased as the salt concentration increased. The root/shoot ratio of most of species showed an escalation and then reduction tendency. Under low con...     

Impact of seedling type on early growth of poplar plantations on forest and agricultural land

Today, most poplar plantations in the temperate region are established on abandoned marginal agricultural land, but there is great potential for planting poplars on forest land as the available area is large and does not compete with food production. The objective of this study was to examine how different planting types (un-rooted cuttings, bare-rooted and containerized plants) affect the establishment and early growth of poplar plants on forest and agricultural sites. Our results suggest that on the agricultural site, survival and growth during the first two years are not influenced by plant type. However, at the forest sites, survival of rooted plants was superior compared to un-rooted cuttings. The height and biomass (stem and root) increment of bare-rooted plants was low; greater height and biomass growth was found for containerized plants. Container sizes had no effect on height growth, but leaf and stem biomasses were higher if the largest containers were used. When using the largest containers, concentrations of macronutrients (N, P) were increased compared to bare-rooted plants. Thus, these results suggest that practices for establishing poplar plantations of agricultural land include planting of un-rooted cutting, but on forest land, a plant grown in a container of 470?ml should be used. Together, this can reduce the cost of establishment, increase the available area for poplar plantations and have an impact on poplar plantation economics in Sweden.     

杨树湘林新无性系不同部位育苗生长性状研究

新、老杨树无性系田间扦插育苗成活率,在湘林～90等5个新无性系与对照中汉-17杨之间有极显著差异,以中汉-17最低;5个杨树湘林新无性系间均无显著差异,可满足大田扦插育苗要求。成活率在苗干区分段问总体上随所取穗条部住的升高而有所下降;但第2、3、4区分段间无显著差异,表明杨树种苗上部的有芽茎干可以用作育苗种条。在夏季无抗旱措施情况下,年末保存率比春季成活率平均有所下降。大田育苗的保存率、成活率与水培时的皮层凸起呈正相关,反映先期根原基多、水培时易形成皮层凸起的无性系及区分段,可以期望有较高的育苗成活率和保存率。成活率、保存率与水培时的发根总长,苗高生长量与水培时的皮层凸起、不定根条数、总长间均没有相关性。试验显示,杨树新无性系扦插繁殖能力的鉴定,最重要、最可靠的程序是通过大田育苗的生产实践来检验。     

不同植物生长调节剂对美人梅硬枝扦插生根的影响

不同组合和质量浓度植物生长调节剂处理美人梅硬枝插穗试验结果表明：（1）不同植物生长调节剂及质量浓度促根效果不同：NAA、IAA和IBA都表现出低质量浓度促进生根,高质量浓度抑制生根的现象;同时低质量浓度的生长调节剂能使愈伤组织形成提前10～20 d,从而促进提前生根。NAA250 mg/L（浸泡30 min）处理调节生根率最好,其次是IAA500 mg/L（浸泡30 min）的处理,分别达56.67%,54.44%;在对平均单株生根数量上却以IAA500mg/L（浸泡30 min）处理效果最好,平均达11.48条。（2）NAA 250 mg/L不同浸泡时间对美人梅扦插生根效果不同：在供试质量浓度范围内,随着处理时间的增加,生根率、单株平均生根数量均增加,以NAA250 mg/L处理60 min促进生根效果最好,平均生根率达71.11%,平均生根数达10.68条。     

Effects of warming basal ends of Carolina poplar (Populus × canadensis Moench.) softwood cuttings at controlled low-air-temperature on their root growth and leaf damage after planting

We investigated the effects of warming the basal ends of Carolina poplar (Populus × canadensis Moench.) softwood cuttings at controlled low-air-temperature on their root growth and leaf damage after planting. The warming treatment was applied to the cuttings by soaking 10 mm beyond the cut end in warmed water maintained at 30 °C in a cold chamber maintained at an air temperature of 10 °C and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 10 μmol m^?2 s^?1 (near the light compensation point at 10 °C) until rooting was observed. The warmed cuttings were then grown in a growth chamber at an air temperature of 30 °C, relative humidity 85–90 %, and a PPFD of 100 μmol m^?2 s^?1. Control cuttings were grown in the growth chamber throughout the experiment. Rooting occurred simultaneously for both warmed and control cuttings, irrespective of air temperature. Root development was greater and leaf damage, evaluated on the basis of extent of necrosis, was less for warmed cuttings than for control cuttings. The reduction of leaf damage for warmed cuttings probably resulted from reduced post-planting water stress and leaf senescence, because of improved root development as a result of the pre-planting warming treatment. This technique could improve the propagation of cuttings of woody plants, because it would ensure that the cuttings are ready to develop roots with minimum loss of carbohydrates, irrespective of weather conditions.     

A comparison of pre-planting treatments on hardwood cuttings of four hybrid poplar clones

Rooting and early growth of four hybrid poplar clones (Populus spp.) planted in a greenhouse were examined after applying 40 pre-rooting treatment combinations to dormant cuttings. Treatments included 2 cutting lengths (5 and 10 cm), 5 soaking times (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days), and 4 dips (chitosan, rooting hormone powder, liquid rooting hormone added to the soaking water, and none). Significant differences in both rooting percentages and growth were shown between clones after 7 weeks of growth. Ten cm cuttings had 29% greater rooting success, 28% more above-ground growth, and 12% lower root/shoot ratios than 5 cm cuttings. Cuttings planted without soaking had the lowest rooting success, at less than 45% on average. Commercial rooting hormones decreased the number of rooted cuttings but increased root/shoot ratios. For optimal rooting, we recommend using 10 cm cuttings, soaked for 2 days in water (4 days for the Jackii10 clone) without any additional dipping/hormone substance.     

NAA处理对杨树茎插穗生根的作用

本文选择毛白杨和加拿大杨这两个插穗生根难易程度不同的树种为研究对象。试验再次证明,适度的萘乙酸(NAA)处理可提高插穗生根率。它的最明显的作用是促进茎插穗沾药部分愈伤组织的产生。高浓度的NAA处理促使插穗中物质过多调运到正在生长的愈伤组织中。这不仅影响到嫩茎的生长,而且不利于细胞再分化为根原基,甚至产生生理毒害作用。NAA处理的效果因扦插时期而异。NAA处理可较迅速地引起乙烯的释放,可提高细胞质膜透性,提高呼吸强度。经NAA处理过的插穗,经过冷藏可提高插穗含水率和过氧化物酶活性。高浓度NAA处理更大地提高质膜的透性,使膜受到伤害,并使细胞失水。     

Water movement in yellow-cedar seedlings and rooted cuttings: comparison of whole plant and root system pressurization methods

One-year-old yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) seedlings and rooted cuttings were taken from cold-storage facilities and grown in aerated water in a controlled environment room for 21 days. Root areas of seedlings and rooted cuttings were initially comparable, but after 21 days seedlings had produced more than twice as much new root area as rooted cuttings. Water flow resistance through the plant-atmosphere continuum decreased in both stock types over the 21-day period. In both seedlings and rooted cuttings, transpirational flux density increased in a curvilinear manner as new root area increased. Root resistance to water movement decreased sharply with increasing new root area up to 20 cm(2) in both seedlings and rooted cuttings. Further increases in new root area did not result in further changes in root resistance of either stocktype. Plant water movement was measured by both the whole plant and the root system pressurization methods with results differing between the two techniques.     

杂种落叶松连续繁殖与插穗生根关系的生理研究

观察了日×长杂种落叶松连续繁殖插穗不定根发育进程,研究了连续繁殖对插穗生根力衰退的阻滞效应,并分析了一轮采穗圃与原株采穗圃插穗不定根发育期内源激素含量的动态变化。结果表明:扦插后13 31 d是愈伤组织形成和不定根原始体分化发育的关键期,此时一轮分生株愈伤组织形成和不定根发育均优于原株。连续繁殖对插穗生根性状有显著作用,尤其是生根率很低的原株,经过一轮繁殖后,生根性状有极显著提高。连续繁殖影响插穗自身激素含量,尤其是IAA,经过一轮繁殖后,含量明显高于原株。从不定根发育过程中激素的动态变化看,一轮分生株插穗(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA比值在不定根发育前期明显高于原株,与生根率的变化一致,可用来衡量不同繁殖次数插穗生根性状的优劣。     

根际微生态调节对杨树根系活力及土壤有效P转化的效应

以盆栽毛白杨、北京杨为试验材料,采用均匀设计,将外生菌根真菌（美味牛肝菌、褐疣柄牛肝菌）、植物生长调节剂（NAA）和植物抗病诱导剂（水杨酸）以不同配比混合形成根际微生态调节物,并施于苗木根部,研究其对苗木生长、生物量、根系活力、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性及土壤有效P的影响效应。结果表明,根际微生态调节物改善了苗木根际微生态环境,使毛白杨、北京杨盆栽苗的苗高、地径、总干质量均有较大幅度的提高,分别比对照增加16.0%~35.0%,19.4%~38.9%,15.5%~86.4%和12.5%~26.2%,1.6%~20.3%,33.6%~72.7%,幼苗生长更为健壮和迅速;使毛白杨根系活力比对照提高6.71%~33.64%,北京杨根系活力比对照提高1.49%~49.46%,根系活力与苗木的生长、生物量有较大相关性;使毛白杨和北京杨根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性增强,分别增加20.91%~36.35%和13.39%~54.98%,对根际区域的土壤有效P具有明显的富集效应,富集率分别为7.49%~25.67%和17.85%~53.50%。