不同低产林改造技术对油茶产量的影响

分析不同低产林改造技术对油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)产量的影响,以探索有效的低产林改造技术,结果表明:2006-2013年,各种低产林改造技术均提高了茶油产量;未处理、清林垦复、清林垦复+施肥、病害防治和整形修剪油茶林的茶油增产率分别达到-2.66%、22.66%、72.62%、20.26%和44.00%;其中清林垦复+施肥和整形修剪油茶林的茶油产量持续增长且增长幅度最大,分别为49.73 kg/hm^2和31.35 kg/hm^2;除了病害防治,其余低产林改造技术对促进茶油产量均达到了极显著水平。     

皖南油茶丰产栽培技术要点

油茶为我国一种极具产业化发展潜力的木本油料树种,其果中之籽榨油称茶油,是很好的食用植物油和工业用油,被称为东方橄榄油。皖南山区近年来大力发展油茶造林与低产油茶林改造,笔者结合祁门县多年来千亩油茶基地造林与几千亩油茶林垦复的生产实践,充分吸收其他地区发展油茶的经验,系统地总结出油茶丰产栽培技术要点。     

促成油茶优质高产的技术措施

油茶(camellia oleifera Abel)是南方山区的重要生态经济树种,茶油是最为优质的食用油.丽水市现有油茶林面积7.57万hm2,在林业生产中比重甚大,因此提高油茶的质量和产量是林农致富、林业增收的重要途径.经过长期的实践,我们总结并推广了一整套促成油茶优质高产的技术措施,主要包括品种改良、密度调控、垦复抚育、整枝修剪、合理施肥、林粮间作、病虫害防治、果实采收处理等8项.     

油茶优质高产的技术措施

油茶是我国南方山区的重要生态经济树种,茶油是最为优质的食用油.提高油茶的质量和产量是林农致富、林业增收的重要途径.经过长期的实践,我们总结并推广了一整套促进油茶优质高产的技术措施,主要包括品种改良、密度调控、垦复抚育、整枝修剪、合理施肥、林粮间作、病虫害防治、果实采收处理等8项.     

油茶丰产栽培技术研究

油茶是重要木本油料树种.茶油及其副产品具有多种用途,茶油更有"东方橄榄油"之美誉.近年来,在农业产业化的带动下,油茶作为天然绿色保健食品,市场前景看好,山区因地制宜发展油茶种植,经济效益正日益突现.分析了油茶丰产栽培技术和低产林改造技术.     

中国油茶生产现状及发展策略

油茶是我国特有的木本油料树种,在南方各省均有栽培。全国油茶面积近400万公顷,年产茶油500t以上的县有105个。但现有的油茶林绝大多数属低产林,影响了茶油的生产。作者对发展我国的油茶生产提出了建议:实行分类经营、选用优良品种造林、建设油茶生产基地和提高经营管理水平,以及加强综合利用。     

改良插皮接是油茶低产林改造的有效途径

油茶是我国南方的优良食用油料树种,全国油茶林面积5100万亩,年产茶油三亿多斤,平均亩产油量不到6斤,这种广种薄收,低产低值的状况,严重地影响油茶生产的进一步发展。 建国以来,广大林业科技工作者在油茶低产林改造方面做了大量工作,如:冬挖夏     

油茶低产林改造及丰产技术推广总结

<正> 油茶是我国特有的木本食用油料树种,遍及秦岭淮河以南15个省(区),面积约6000万亩,是目前栽植面积最大的经济树种。但单位面积产量低,平均亩产茶油一般只有2. 5-3公斤。为改变油茶经济效益低的状况,林业部于1983年,1984年分两次下达湖北省林科所、麻城市林业局在麻城市开展5000亩(其中:1983年3000亩,1984年2000亩)低产油茶林的改造及丰产技术推广任务。     

油茶低产林改造技术试验与应用

油茶是我国重要的优质食用油料树种 ,其主产品茶油 ,以其独特的风味和营养成分深受人们青睐。浙江省仙居县曾是全省重点产区县之一 ,尤其是湫山乡有油茶面积 90 0ｈｍ2 ,占全乡山林面积的 10 % ,占全县油茶面积的 70 % ,该乡方宅村曾出席全国油茶生产表彰大会 ,被授予周恩来总理亲签的奖状。进入 2 0世纪 90年代 ,由于油茶大面积的产量低而不稳 ,效益不高 ,出现严重失管、荒芜 ,成为低产低效林分。为重振油茶产业 ,仙居县林业局承担了仙居县科学技术委员会 1995年下达的“油茶低产林改造技术试验”课题 ,历时 4年 ,预期完成了各项任务 ,现总…     

油茶无性系选育及其应用的研究

<正> 油茶是我省主要木本食用油料树种,长期以来,油茶产量很低,平均每亩产油不到4公斤。据中南林学院李克瑞等同志对本县油茶林的调查分析表明,油茶低产的主要原因是林分中存在着高频率低产株和不结果株。为提高油茶产量,长期以来,人们一方面对油茶实生林进行垦复、施肥、修剪等营林技术措施,但产量不稳定;另一方面利用油茶优树种子进行实生苗造林,期望通过有性手段来改良油茶种     

Morphological and biological investigation of two pioneer Ips bark beetles in natural spruce forests in Qinghai Province, northwest China

Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.     

Screening of Sapindus germplasm resources in China based on agro-morphological traits

Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fluctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.There-fore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accu-mulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the iden-tification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.     

Tree-grass relationships in open eucalypt woodlands of northeastern Australia: influence of trees on pasture productivity, forage quality and species distribution

Pasture yield, quality and species distributions were compared between zones around live and killed eucalypt trees at two woodland sites in northeast Queensland which differed markedly in soil fertility. Trees affected pasture quality and yield on an individual tree basis: N concentration and dry matter digestibility tended to be higher under trees than in inter-tree areas at both sites and pasture yields declined with distance from killed trees at the lower fertility site. However, the distribution of individual species did not vary markedly with distance from trees. Trees also affected pasture yield on a woodland basis: yields were greater where the trees were killed than under intact woodland. Soil under trees had higher levels of organic carbon and greater litter cover than soil in inter-tree areas. However, pasture yields did not generally reflect this fertility gradient since growth was limited by moisture availability due to drought conditions during the study period. Pasture N concentration was higher under trees that in inter-tree areas since plants under trees produced a similar amount of biomass as plants in inter-tree areas, but had access to higher nutrient levels. Trees appeared to have a greater effect on soil nutrient availability at the low fertility site. Live trees depressed pasture yields to a lesser degree at the low fertility site, demonstrating that the effects of trees on soil water availability (on a woodland scale) are less important when soil nutrients are more limiting to growth. These results indicate that, while removing trees may enhance pasture productivity, this benefit may be offset by a reduction in pasture quality. Given the beneficial effect of trees on soil nutrients, tree removal may also have longer term implications for soil nutrient dynamics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国东北地区树木引种驯化概况及发展策略

引种驯化是林木育种的重要手段,其不仅丰富了本地的树种资源,改善现有树种组成及比例,而且带来显著经济效益,也是保护生物多样性和景观生态平衡的需要,因此受到人们的极大重视。文中综述我国东北地区树木引种驯化情况,发现截至目前已成功引种63科、119属、500余种,主要包括用材树种、经济树种、观赏树种和生态树种;总结引种过程中的成功经验,讨论其中存在的问题,提出树木引种发展策略,以期为今后东北地区开展树木引种工作提供参考。     

大盘山自然保护区珍稀濒危植物现状及其保护策略

调查表明,大盘山共有珍稀植物33科47属64种,其中裸子植物5科7属10种,被子植物28科40属54种,被列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(第一批)的有10种,被列入《中国植物红皮书》的有12种;被列入《中国物种红色名录》的有44种,其它珍稀濒危植物13种;具有种类丰富、起源古老、区系成分复杂、中国特有属种多的特点。并提出了强化植被保护和恢复、人工林改造和恢复、建立珍稀植物园、搬迁保护区内村庄的保护对策。     

黄山地区竹类资源保护及其开发利用

黄山地区竹类资源丰富，有9属46种及变种、变形、栽培型，分布在黄山的全国特有属和种有4属5种，通过区系分析，合轴散生中型竹类占有首位。大部分竹类具有很高的经济价值或观赏价值，黄山地区竹类资源的开发利用具有广阔的前景。文内根据当地的实情提出了一些具体的保护及开发利用措施。     

三峡库区珍稀濒危陆生脊椎动物现状及其保护对策

三峡库区曾经是我国生物多样性非常丰富的地区之一，三峡工程的修建对库区珍稀濒危陆生脊椎动物将产生一定的影响。三峡库区共有陆生脊椎动物523种，国家级保护动物有10目19科64种，其中I级保护物种8种，Ⅱ级保护物种55种，中国特有种9目18科47种，既是特有种又是珍稀濒危动物的物种有4目5科8种。本文在综述三峡库区珍稀濒危陆生脊椎动物多样性特点，即区系复杂与组成多样性、成分特有及分布不均匀性的基础上，分析了库区陆生脊椎动物致危原因和目前所采取的一系列保护措施中所存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的保护对策。     

长春地区古树名木现状分析

本文对长春地区古树名木资源进行了调查。结果表明:长春地区共有古树名木10科13属14种1299株,其中树龄在300a以上的国家二级古树3株。长春地区古树名木分布不均,长春市有古树名木13种77株;榆树市仅有古树名木1种4株,德惠市古树名木数量多达1189株。     

我国野生动植物国际贸易动态研究

搜集整理了我国 1982— 2 0 0 1年野生动植物及其产品的进出口数据 ,在此基础上对受管制物种数量、贸易国家数量、动植物来源、贸易目的构成等参数的变化动态进行分析。分析表明中国正在从一个野生动植物出口型国家转变为进口型国家 ;受管制物种的数量从 80年代的不足 10 0种增加到现在的 5 0 0种以上 ,显示 1991年以来实行的一系列管理法规和 1998年实行的新版《进出口野生动植物种商品目录》 ,对加强植物的进出口管理和进口物种的管理起到了非常积极的作用 ;贸易国家数量从 10个左右增加到 5 0个以上 ,许可证主要被用于商业性贸易目的 ,表明贸易活动日趋活跃 ;目前我国的野生动植物国际贸易中仍有许多贸易物种基本为野生来源 ,对野生种群构成巨大压力。提出了加强《进出口野生动植物种商品目录》的法律地位 ,加强对狩猎和采集活动管理 ,鼓励人工繁殖和培植野生动植物 ,适当监督和控制动植物进口数量等建议。     

Fodder production of some shrubs and trees under two harvest intervals in subhumid southern Ghana

The study was undertaken to determine the relative performance of 13 fodder trees and shrubs in herbage production and quality under two forage regrowth periods six and 12 weeks. In primary growth assessment it was found that the species which achieved the most height growth were Cajanus cajan, Sesbania sesban and Gliricidia sepium. In terms of herbage dry matter production the species which performed best were Cajanus cajan, Flemingia macrophylla, Calliandra calothrysus, Codariocalyx gyroidesand Gliricidia sepium. In crude protein content the superior species were Albizia lebbeck, Cajanus cajan, Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania sesban. Regrowth harvests in the second year showed Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothrysus and Flemingia macrophylla achieve the greatest herbage yields with yields in excess of 1 t/ha obtaining at the first 12 week regrowth harvest. Albizia lebbeck, Cajanus cajan, Leucaena leucocephala and Samanean saman produced consistently very high crude protein levels (more than 20%) in the regrowth harvests. Calcium contents of herbage of all test species in the regrowth harvests were in excess of the critical minimum requirement of 0.44% for ruminant feeding. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.