Influence of site in the wood quality of Eucalyptus in plantations in Brazil

Genetic materials interact with the environment in specific ways, therefore their responses in wood need to be better understood. The present study sought to evaluate the influence of different climatic conditions in Minas Gerais, Brazil on Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla wood. Two six-year-old clones were cultivated in Belo Oriente, Ferros, Santa Bárbara, Itabira and Peçanha. Five trees from each clone were sampled from the base to top direction. Wood density, heartwood/sapwood ratio, vessels, fibres, and extractive and lignin contents were determined, as well as their correlation with environmental variables. Vessel diameters, heartwood/sapwood ratio, and extractive and lignin contents all increased due to higher water availability in Santa Bárbara and Itabira. In both genetic materials, the variables linked to growth and wood quality were related to environmental factors.     

锰在植物体内生理功能研究进展

从锰胁迫对植物的影响、锰在植物的光合作用、氟化还原和多种酶活化中的作用及锰与其它元素的关系等方面综述了锰在植物体内的主要生理功能，为植物锰营养研究提供研究资料。     

我国食品中农药残留研究进展

随着人们安全健康意识提高,食品中农药残留问题更加受到重视,本文综述了样品预处理研究进展及农药残留快速检测技术研究进展,并简单分析介绍各种方法的优缺点。     

无锡新农村绿化建设及模式初探

文章根据江苏无锡的自然地理条件与城乡一体现代林业建设实际,结合"绿色无锡"行动计划实施和社会主义新农村建设对环境的要求,对无锡地区新农村建设的理念、基本原则和绿化模式进行探讨,并提出村庄绿化有关研究的建议。       

日本的林业生物技术研究现状

日本在当今世界生物技术领域, 尤其在细胞工程和微生物工程方面处于领先地位。文章介绍了日本林业生物技术的研究体制和研究战略, 论述了日本近年来在基因工程、细胞工程· 微生物· 酶工程的研究进展。作者结合我国林业生物技术的现状和问题提出了发展我国林业生物技术研究的几点建议。     

桂林市寺庙园林植物应用探究

寺庙园林历史底蕴深厚 , 文化内涵丰富，园内的植物更是其独特内涵的体现。以唐代岭南佛教中心桂林的寺庙园林为例 ,研究其中植物景观的种类特点与配置结构。结果发现：11 处寺庙园林共有园林植物 75 种，隶属 52 科 67 属，其中桑科榕属 Ficus植物和天门冬科植物是最主要的组成部分；并且有些园林植物 ( 如桂花Osmanthus fragrans 、樟Cinnamomum camphora 等）既蕴含佛教内涵又体现了壮族文化。总体而言，桂林寺庙园林植物景观建设不仅体现了独特的山水特征，也包含着壮族文化底蕴。     

脲醛树脂中游离甲醛含量测定不确定度评定

本文依据国家标准GB/T14074—2006,用滴定法测量脲醛树脂中游离甲醛含量,详细分析了测量过程中的各个影响因素,对检测结果的不确定度进行了评定,在测量过程中,重复性对不确定度贡献比较大。     

VFP在更新造林“两率”汇总中的应用

通过一个VFP典型开发实例关键环节的解决方法,为营林技术人员在程序语言的学习以及软件开发中提供参考.     

昆阳磷矿停采矿区生态重建

介绍世界各国对矿物、石、沙等采区裸露山体缺口生态重建情况以及当前我国对停采矿区生态恢复的要求和昆明市昆阳磷矿采矿区基本情况．论述了昆阳磷矿停采矿区生态重建原则、技术措施．     

重庆森林食品植物资源调查初报

根据野外调查、标本采集和室内外对比、资料查证，初步统计显示：重庆地区具有森林食品价值与作用的植物资源共计86科187属286种。现列出重庆地区主要森林食品资源名录，为重庆地区森林食品的开发利用提供基础资料。     

富丽禾(FRisol)在苗圃花卉栽培中的应用

利用富丽禾产品进行花卉栽培,可明显激活微生物,提高土壤肥力,增强保肥保水作用,促进苗木生长,使其当年高生长量约提高35cm左右,且不同配量之间在生长高度、叶色、枝叶肥壮等各方面有明显差别.     

模态分析在板材不同位置孔洞缺陷检测中的应用

采用模态分析技术对落叶松板材试件进行振动测试,获取了试件的频响函数,并运用单模态法对频响函数进行了参数辨识,得到了试件的前四阶固有频率和前三阶模态振型.研究表明,含有孔洞试件的固有频率与标准试件相比略低一些,但差别不大.试件在含有孔洞的节点处模态振型会发生突变,因而可运用模态分析技术判定孔洞在试件上的具体位置,对板材孔洞缺陷进行定量检测.     

西双版纳橡胶园养分变化

通过1977、1987和1998年对西双版纳胶园土壤和橡胶树叶片的三次普查，结果表明：胶园土壤养分含量明显下降，有机质下降幅度为0.25%～1.25%，全氮下降0.023%～0.033%，速效磷下降1.3×10~(-6)～4.2×10~(-6),速效钾下降30×10~(-6)～69×10~(-6)，pH值提高0.1～0.7，土壤酸性下降，有向碱性转化趋势。除个别农场橡胶树叶片某种营养元素略有提高外，大多数农场橡胶树叶片营养元素含量均下降，Mg、K、N三种元素下降明显，Mg降低0.10%～0.20%，K降低0.04%～0.73%，N降低0.20%～0.50%，景洪、东风和勐捧农场1987年橡胶树营养水平比1977年有所提高，是由于其间实施营养诊断施肥的结果。     

Analysis of multicriteria in the practice of environmental services in areas of watersheds

ABSTRACT

Watersheds have become strategically important for the survival of cities due to the accelerated increase in both the demand and the rapid deterioration of the water intended to supply the urban populations. The present article aims to present the applicability of the “multicriteria method” to help the Government of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil organize payment for environmental services for watershed protection using the “Delphi method” as the principal methodology. This article consists of a review of the literature and a case study of the Mina d’Água program from the State Secretary of the Environment (within the Government of São Paulo) in partnership with other municipalities (city by river basin). The article also covers the advent of pertinent climate change laws. The positive results in the use of the Delphi method represent a fruitful tool to facilitate communication between groups of experts and the public, encouraging better judgment and a more consistent decision-making process.     

全球导航卫星系统在我国林业中的应用

文中概述了全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的现状,重点阐述全球定位系统（GPS）和北斗导航定位系统在我国林业中的应用,并对这些应用进行分析,指出GNSS技术在我国林业行业应用中存在的问题,并分析产生这些问题的原因,提出相应的解决方案建议,最后对GNSS系统在我国林业中的应用趋势进行了展望。     

Uptake of Nutrients in a Plantation of Acacia mangium in Relation to Decrease in Soil Amounts

Abstract

Amounts of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and sodium in the humus layer and plant-available or exchangeable nutrients in the top 30 cm of the soil were determined before planting and in a 45-month-old plantation of Acacia mangium. Amounts were lower in the plantation than before planting owing to plant uptake and leaching. However, for potassium and calcium the difference was much smaller than the amounts in the plantation biomass, indicating that the plants had taken up nutrients from soil depths below 30 cm or had utilized other sources of nutrients. The other main sources of nutrients were mineralization of dead logs, big branches, and roots, none of which had been included in the humus sampling, and chemical weathering of minerals. The supply of plant nutrients through atmospheric input was low, and there was a negligible input of nutrients dissolved in laterally flowing water because the investigated plot was situated near the water divide.

The investigation shows that determinations of total nutrients in the humus layer and exchangeable ones in the mineral soil, which are the most common fertility assessment methods in forest ecosystems, are not satisfactory for determining long-term fertility of forest soils.     

我国果树生产中主要技术的变革趋向

由于世界性科学技术的飞速发展与我国改革开放的巨大推动，古老的农业正由传统的经验型逐步进入了现代化科学生产阶段。作为农业生产重要组分的果树生产同样出现了许多重大的技术变革，给我国果树生产注入了新的活力。这些变革主要包括品种、育苗、改土、施肥、浇水、改制、修剪、植保、管理、流通等十个方面。     

Parasitism of canola aphids in France in autumn

In light of a recent increase in the aphid populations on young canola (Brassica napus) in autumn in Northwestern Europe, we carried out a survey of their parasitoid species during this season. The study was done in France from 1998 to 2001 using different sampling methods. Results highlighted the presence of two main species of Aphidiinae, Aphidius matricariae and Diaeretiella rapae (and to a lesser extent Aphidius ervi) on Myzus persicae, and of D. rapae on Brevicoryne brassicae. Nine other Aphidiinae species were found occasionally as well as some Aphelinidae parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. There was no difference in parasitoid species pattern between fields in Northern and Southern France. The principal parasitoid species found in the fields were reared in the laboratory to confirm their ability to develop on the canola aphids. Aphidius matricariae and D. rapae were reared successfully on M. persicae, but a low parasitism rate was obtained for A. ervi on this aphid. This study showed that A. matricariae and D. rapae could develop on aphids on canola and that they are present naturally in canola in autumn. However, the parasitism rate is low in autumn, so the options could be the use of these parasitoids in augmentative release biological control programs or in an IPM project on canola fields during this time of the year.     

沙棘在半干旱地区生物多样性保护中的作用

沙棘通过为其他物种提供养分和栖息地，链接了生态链上的其他(树草、禽兽、虫菌等)物种，使种植区域内消失的物种得以重现和发展，在半干旱生态系统中的一定条件下，扮演了关键种的角色，发挥了关键环节的作用，实现了生物多样性保护。除非在极端条件下，沙棘一般不会形成顶级群落(纯林)，而只形成“过渡性群落”，为植被演替提供条件。发展沙棘促进了农业发展，增加了农民收入，在更大范围、更深层次、更广概念的生物多样性保护方面发挥了积极的作用。发展沙棘与推广其他树种(柠条、杨、柳)在生物多样性保护上存在显著的优势，沙棘在半干旱地区生物多样性保护中发挥了极其重要的作用，今后应当在大力推广的同时，注重改良品种，营造混交林，继续研究如何提高种植区农民对沙棘的利用效益。     

西双版纳竹类植物研究进展

西双版纳的竹类不仅对本地的水土保持具有重要的作用,而且深刻影响着本地民族的生产、生活。作者通过收集、整理、分析文献资料等方法,从基础理论和应用两方面综述了西双版纳竹类植物的研究现状,发现了存在的问题,并为今后对本区竹类的研究提出了建议。