黑龙江省道地药材北芪甘草汤剂治疗糖尿病疗效研究

采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发形成的糖尿病大鼠为研究对象,观察低、中、高剂量的北芪汤剂对糖尿病大鼠体重、空腹血糖浓度、糖化血红蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,模型组大鼠的血糖及糖化血红蛋白数值基本保持稳定,同时出现"三多一少"的特征。北芪汤剂各组与模型组对比,高剂量组的北芪汤剂能够显著降低大鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平,表明北芪汤剂对糖尿病大鼠有很好的治疗效果。     

翻白草对2-型糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮合酶改变的实验

观察翻白草对2-型糖尿病(2-DM)大鼠血清一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量的影响。方法:高热量饲料加链脲佐菌素(STZ) 注射,复制大鼠模型,再给翻白草水煎剂灌喂8 周后,检测大鼠血清中NOS、NO的含量。结果:翻白草水煎剂可提高2 DM大鼠血清NOS活性,增加NO的含量。     

肉桂提取物对链脲佐菌素致实验性糖尿病小鼠的影响

探讨了肉桂提取物RG3、RG4对链脲佐菌素致实验性糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用,结果表明,与模型组比较,给药组有效缓解糖尿病小鼠病情,RG3及RG4均明显降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖和血脂水平(P0.05),并有效提高胰岛素水平(P0.05),改善胰岛素抵抗能力。     

地骨皮中有效成分的提取及其降血糖调血脂作用研究

研究地骨皮对实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂等血液生化指标的影响。采用腹腔注射2％链脲佐菌素小剂量（25mg／kg）＋高糖高脂饲料,建立实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型,观察地骨皮中总黄酮及牛磺酸（100mg／kg、200mg／kg、400mg／kg,3个剂量连续灌胃2周后）对其空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖（GLU）、血清中胰岛素（Insulin,Ins）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的影响。结果表明,中、高剂量组与模型组相比血糖、Ins明显降低（P〈0．01或P（0．05）,高剂量组地骨皮血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）与模型组比较明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论,地骨皮具有降低糖尿病大鼠血糖水平,调节血脂紊乱的作用。     

沙棘果油及复方沙棘保健药品生化药理作用简报

对沙棘果油及复方沙棘保健药品的生化药理实验研究表明:(1)沙棘油对纯系小鼠乙醇性肝线粒体损伤有保护作用;(2)沙棘果油对大剂量VD_3所致大鼠心肌损伤有减轻作用;(3)复方沙棘保健药品具有抗辐射所致小鼠肝亚细胞损伤作用.     

沙棘总黄酮对大鼠心肌再灌注损伤的影响

实验观察沙棘总黄酮（TFH）对大鼠心肌再灌注损伤时超微结构及对心肌组织SOD活性和MDA含量的影响。预先给大鼠灌胃TFH6天后，再制作心肌缺血再灌注模型。再灌注结束后．取2～3mm。左心室肌做电镜切片，用于观察心肌细胞超微结构。剩余左心室肌结构，制匀浆，离心，上清液用于SOD活性和MDA含量的测定。实验结果表明，TFH（77mg·kg^-1,231mg·kg^-1）能明显减轻缺血再灌损伤区超微结构的病理改变，显著提高大鼠心肌组织SOD活性并减少MDA的生成。实验结果提示,TFH对大鼠心肌缺血再灌损伤有明显的保护作用;其保护作用机理可能与它清除活性氧自由基而提高SOD活性和抑制脂质过氧化的作用有关。     

自然降温对雪松叶片中SOD活性及MDA含量的影响

选用5年生长势相近的引种雪松,对其部分进行帐篷保护,在植株正常生长的情况下对比研究其自然降温过程叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化。结果表明,当年引种雪松在越冬期间超氧化物歧化酶活性变化曲线呈“M”状,并不随环境温度降低而持续下降;丙二醛含量呈现抛物状的变化规律。     

沙棘油口服液对运动训练小鼠肝脏组织自由基代谢和超微结构影响的实验研究

通过测定运动小鼠大脑超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察其超微结构变化,探讨服用沙棘油对小鼠能力影响的生物化学机制。为此选用70只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为六组:安静对照组、安静沙棘组、训练即刻组、训练即刻沙棘组、训练恢复24h组和训练恢复24h沙棘组。经过6周(42d)游泳耐力训练后进行一次力竭性游泳,分析比较了各组小鼠血清谷草转氨酶(GFT)、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD))活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标,同时还对各组肝脏细胞超微结构进行了电镜观察。结果:1)以上各组GPT除安静对照组与相应沙棘组和训练即刻组与训练恢复组间无显著差异外(P>0.05),其余各组间均有显著差异(P<0.05);2)SOD除安静对照组与相应沙棘组,训练即刻沙棘组与训练恢复沙棘组间无显著差异外(P>0.05),其余各组间均有显著差异(P<0.05);3)MDA除训练即刻组与相应沙棘组及恢复组间无显著差异外(P>0.05),其余各组间均有显著差异(P<0.05);4)沙棘组肝脏细胞中线粒体、肝浆网、肌丝等结构均比相应对照组完整,病变程度比对照组轻。结果表明,沙棘油能改善运动对肝脏细胞的损伤,提高肝脏组织抗自由基氧化的能力,同时还对肝脏细胞超微结构具有明显保护作用。     

细菌和激素共暴露建立大鼠盆腔炎模型的方法

建立一种大鼠的急、慢性盆腔炎症模型,为评价盆腔炎药物治疗效果提供实验动物工具。采用了以下两种方法:急性盆腔炎模型建立。将16只成年雌性SPF级Wistar大鼠随机均分为4组:正常组、大肠杆菌组、金黄色葡萄菌组、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄菌混合液组。三个模型组以雌二醇进行预处理一周后,分别采用不同菌种定期染菌30天(1次/7天),并结合疲劳处理。检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的指标。并采用HE染色观察病理组织切片的形态学变化;慢性盆腔炎模型的建立。分组同上,接种50天,检测血清中SOD与MDA,HE染色以及免疫组织化学染色检测炎性因子环氧化酶-2(COX-2)的含量。结果表明:急性盆腔炎模型实验中,脏器大体观及组织病理检查均表明正常组大鼠外阴部均无肿胀,附件脏器无明显炎症体征,而三种染菌模型组大鼠急性期外阴部肿胀,输卵管、子宫内膜、卵巢等附件脏器中出现炎症、粘连、甚至糜烂;慢性盆腔炎模型实验中,三种染菌模型组大鼠的各附件脏器也出现炎症、粘连、甚至糜烂,而且相应组织中COX-2呈高度表达。通过简易的染菌方式成功制备大鼠的急性、慢性盆腔炎模型。     

外源亚精胺防御红椿干旱胁迫生理损伤的最佳浓度筛选

为了筛选出外源亚精胺防御红椿干旱胁迫生理损伤的最佳浓度,以2年生红椿家系盆栽苗为研究对象,开展了外源Spd多浓度预处理+干旱胁迫处理试验,并对叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量等6个生理指标的观测数据和最佳浓度进行了综合研究,得出以下结果:1)4种外源亚精胺溶液对6个生理指标在不同干旱胁迫处理下的防御效果均达到了极显著差异(P <0.01)。2)1 mmol/L和2 mmol/L外源Spd预处理对植株叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量等4个生理指标的防御效果更好,且均遵守干旱胁迫程度越轻则生理损伤防御效果越好的规律;而不同浓度外源Spd预处理对植株超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的防御影响并未发现明显规律。3)运用模糊隶属函数法对4种外源Spd浓度进行筛选,发现2 mmol/L外源Spd溶液的综合评价值最大,为4种参试浓度中的最优浓度。     

Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of total alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

We evaluated the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of the total alkaloids of leaves and twigs of Catharanthus roseus Linn.(CTA) in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect was measured by blood glucose and plasma insulin level. Oxidative stress was measured in heart, liver and kidney by levels of antioxidant markers, free radical scavengers and lipid peroxides i.e. superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione(GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS). Biochemical parameters, i.e. aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphate(ALP) were observed in diabetic control and treated rats. Oral administration of CTA for30 days was followed by a significant(P \ 0.05) decrease in fasting blood glucose and increase in insulin level as compared with untreated diabetic rats. Also it significantly(P \ 0.05) reduced ALT, AST and ALP. The treatment also resulted in significant(P \ 0.05) reductions in GSH,SOD, CAT, and decrease in TBARS in the heart, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The results suggest that CTA can effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner.CTA exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging of free radicals and reducing the risk of diabetic complications.     

Type 2 antidiabetic activity of bergenin from the roots of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler

Bergenin, a major constituent of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler (Leguminosae) was isolated from its roots and was characterized by comparing its melting point and spectroscopic data (IR, (1)H, (13)C, Mass Spectra) with standard bergenin. Isolated bergenin was then evaluated for antidiabetic (Type 2) activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Bergenin was administered at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg; p.o. to normal rats which were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Bergenin at same dose level was given to diabetic rats and fasting blood glucose level was estimated on 0th, 7th and 14th day of treatment while plasma lipids, antioxidant enzymes and liver glycogen level in diabetic rats were estimated on 14th day of treatment followed by histopathological studies of pancreas. Bergenin at 10mg/kg; p.o. was found to reduce blood glucose level significantly in OGTT (P<0.01) while it showed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats at same dose level only on 14th day of treatment. Bergenin in all dose levels reversed plasma lipid (reduced elevated TC, LDL-C and increased HDL-C level) profile to normal values except TG. However, bergenin showed no significant effect on liver glycogen at all dose level. The decrease in lipid peroxides and increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver illustrated the antioxidant potential of bergenin. Histopathological studies demonstrated the regenerative effect of bergenin on pancreatic β cells. Hence, bergenin isolated from C. digyna possesses significant antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity in Type 2 diabetic rats.     

Hypoglycemic effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats

The hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens was investigated in normal, glucose load conditions and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the aqueous extract of the seeds of Mucuna pririens (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) significantly (P<0.001) reduced the blood glucose levels after an oral glucose load from 127.5+/-3.2 to 75.6+/-4.8 mg% 2 h after oral administration of seed extract. It also significantly lowered the blood glucose in STZ diabetic rats from 240.5+/-7.2 to 90.6+/-5.6 mg% after 21 days of daily oral administration of the extract (P<0.001). Thus, this study shows that M. pruriens has an anti-hyperglycemic action and it could be a source of hypoglycemic compounds.     

亚硫酸对紫丁香、皂角叶片膜质过氧化的影响及其磷酸缓冲液的防护作用

以紫丁香、皂角为材料研究亚硫酸对叶片膜质过氧化的影响，结果表明，低浓度（５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的ＮａＨＳＯ３，使叶片的ＳＯＤ活性上升，ＭＤＡ含量下降。高于５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＨＳＯ３使ＳＯＤ活性下降，ＭＤＡ含量升高；且ＮａＨＳＯ３浓度越大，ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ变化幅度越大，ＮａＨＳＯ３处理也使得叶绿素———蛋白质结合度下降。植物材料经磷酸缓冲液喷洒后，膜质过氧化程度降低，表现为在各种浓度ＮａＨＳＯ３处理中，叶片的ＳＯＤ活性、叶绿素———蛋白质结合度均高于未喷磷液者；而ＭＤＡ含量均低于未喷者。表明磷液对亚硫酸伤害具有防护作用，防护效果与植物材料、亚硫酸浓度和生理指标有关。     

软枣猕猴桃解酒护肝作用的研究

软枣猕猴桃含有多种功能性成分,为深入研究软枣猕猴桃的营养价值,以软枣猕猴桃冻干粉为研究对象,对健康大鼠利用食用级75%的乙醇灌胃构建急性酒精中毒动物模型,对动物的一般形态、血清乙醇浓度、肝组织抗氧化能力及醒酒指标进行测定,比较软枣猕猴桃低、中、高剂量干预组的解酒护肝作用。结果表明:软枣猕猴桃高剂量20mL·kg^-1干预组大鼠血清乙醇质量浓度为655.239±87.31mg·kg^-1,乙醇脱氢酶浓度为13.27±2.01mol·kg^-1,超氧化物歧化酶浓度78.12±3.12mol·L^-1,总胆固醇、丙二醛分别为0.591±0.0088mol·L^-1、2.879±0.0187mol·L^-1,各项指标显著优于模型组大鼠。软枣猕猴桃高剂量干预组对酒精及有害物质在大鼠体内的积累有较好的代谢作用,能够缩短急性酒精中毒大鼠的醉酒时间,具有解酒护肝的作用。     

Effects of compound K on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Compound K (CK) is a final metabolite of panaxadiol ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Although anti-diabetic activity of CK has been reported in recent years, the molecular mechanism of CK in the treatment of diabetes mellitus remains unclear. In the present investigation, we established a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with insulin resistance using high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ), and attempted to verify more details and exact mechanisms in the treatment of T2DM. CK was administered orally at three doses [300, 100 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w.)] to the diabetic rats. Bodyweight, food-intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity (ISI), total glycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), as well as oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. According to our results, CK could improve bodyweight and food-intake of diabetic rats. CK exhibited dose-dependent reduction of FBG, TG and TC of diabetic rats. CK treatment also enhanced FINS and ISI. Meanwhile, the glucose tolerance observed in the present study was improved significantly by CK. It is concluded from the results that CK may have improving effects on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of diabetic rats. Furthermore, research showed that CK could promote the expression of InsR, IRS1, PI3Kp85, pAkt and Glut4 in skeletal muscle tissue of diabetic rats. These results indicate that the hypoglycemic activity of CK is mediated by improvement of insulin sensitivity, which is closely related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

Co^2＋对非洲菊切花保鲜过程中酶活性的影响

基于测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量,探讨Co^2＋对非洲菊（Gerbera jamesonii）切花的保鲜作用,实验结果：含有Co^2＋的切花保鲜液能有效提高POD、SOD活性,延缓MDA含量的上升。花径、花枝鲜重增长率及外部形态变化显现一致。结果表明Co^2＋可延缓非洲菊切花衰老,提高其观赏价值。     

广玉兰黄化叶片的叶绿素含量及生理特性研究

对广玉兰黄化叶片的叶绿素含量及POD、SOD、MDA等生理指标进行测定与分析,结果表明:随着叶片失绿黄化程度的加重,叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量均明显降低,直接影响植物的光合作用及其效率。POD、SOD酶活性随着叶片黄化程度加重而降低,其抗氧化能力下降;MDA的含量随黄化程度的加大而增高,影响线粒体呼吸链复合物及关键酶活性,最终使蛋白质、核酸等生命大分子发生交联聚合,使其失去正常生理机能。     

荒漠河岸林2种典型植物的耐盐性比较

在新疆尉犁县的天然荒漠河岸林里,选择了3个土壤盐度不同的样地,测定了胡杨和柽柳叶片的脯氨酸含量、K+/Na+、氯离子(Cl-)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量等5个生理指标,并利用模糊数学隶属函数法对二者的耐盐性进行了综合评价.结果表明:随着土壤盐胁迫的增强,胡杨叶片的脯氨酸含量总体上呈增加趋势...