无机胶合人造板发展机遇和对策

本文论述了我国无机胶合人造板的发展现状。国内墙体材料的改革将为无机胶合人造板的发展带来良好的机遇，论述了无机胶合人造板发展的有利因素和对策，提出了需改进的措施。     

云南人造板工业可持续发展的有效途径

本文针对云南省的社会，经济和环境生态的现实情况，提出了人造板工业可持续发展的有效途径，发展可以取代部分实木制品的人造板的数量和品种；利用竹材的速生材和蔗渣，烟秆，棉花秆等一年生农业剩余物生产代木性人造板材，强化生产过程中的工艺和质量控制；增加人造板花色品种包括开发生产无机胶合型人造板；提倡回收利用废旧塑料等工农业废弃物作为生产人造板的原料，它也是发展中地区人造板工业可持续发展的有效途径。     

云南人造板工业可持续发展的有效途径

本文针对云南省的社会、经济和环境生态的现实情况，提出了人造板工业可持续发展的有效途径：发展可以取代部分实木制品的人造板的数量和品种；利用竹材之类的速生材和蔗渣、烟秆、棉花秆等一年生农业剩余物生产代木性人造板材；强化生产过程中的工艺和质量控制；增加人造板花色品种包括开发生产无机胶合型人造板；提倡回收利用废旧塑料等工农业废弃物作为生产人造板的原料。它也是发展中地区人造板工业可持续发展的有效途径     

国外结构人造板研究现状与发展趋势

本文介绍了国外新型结构人造板的研发现状，重点介绍了胶合层积木、单板层积材等主要结构人造板的工艺过程、基本性能和相关标准。     

农林剩余物无机人造板研究进展

将农林剩余物运用到人造板中有利于保护森林资源和缓解木材资源供需矛盾。为有效提高农林剩余物人造板的胶合性能,胶黏剂的选择和人造板制备技术成为研究重点。在介绍了几种常用的农林剩余物无机人造板及特性的基础上,从无机胶黏剂制备和改性、胶合界面调控和胶合成型技术三方面重点阐述了农林剩余物无机人造板的胶合技术研究现状,并介绍了农林剩余物加工装备研究进展。针对无机胶黏剂和农林剩余物无机人造板在改性机理、加工装备以及加工使用性能等方面研究的不足,提出了进一步研究的建议。     

低温快速固化酚醛树脂诱导合成研究进展

实现酚醛树脂胶粘剂低温快速胶合对人造板行业节能降耗有重要意义。文中从低温快速固化酚醛树脂诱导合成机理、定向合成方法、分析方法等方面介绍了低温快速固化酚醛树脂诱导合成的研究进展,分析了低温胶合技术对提高染色人造板颜色稳定性的作用,提出了低温快速固化技术在染色竹材人造板中的应用展望。     

酶在木材胶合中的应用

介绍了酶用于木材胶合的研究及进展。利用酶可直接活化木纤维或木刨花中的木素使其自身胶合，也可使酶与制浆过程中分离出来的木素反应，得到与酚类化合物类似的胶粘剂，用以胶合木纤维或木刨花。利用酶催化氧化木素的途径生产人造板，无污染且安全可靠。     

关于发展竹材人造板工业的思考

根据我国竹材人造板工业的现状和发展需要，提出了企业规模适度扩大并由单一产品生产转向多品种生产；原料由单一竹材向以竹材为主的多种原料转变；板材构成单元向多元化转变；板材由高密度型向中密度型转变；加工方法由传统的弦向剖蔑、弦向胶合改变为径向剖蔑、径向胶合等五项变革发展的思路，以期促使我国竹材人造板工业步入成熟发展阶段。     

人造板用无机胶黏剂研究现状

随着人造板产业的快速发展，胶黏剂的无甲醛化受到人们的广泛关注，而在人造板行业中，常用的胶黏剂为“三醛类”有机胶黏剂，在使用过程中会释放甲醛，危害人们的身体健康。因此，无甲醛化的无机胶黏剂研究引起了研究者的兴趣。本文主要介绍了人造板工业中常用的硅酸盐胶黏剂和氯氧镁胶黏剂及其改性研究现状，并且对无机胶黏剂生产人造板的研究与应用现状进行了阐述，以期为无机胶黏剂生产人造板提供参考。     

膨润土作人造板胶粘剂填料初试

膨润土作人造板胶粘剂填料初试童汉星（福建省武平县胶合板厂）在人造板生产中，填料是胶粘剂的重要组成之一．在胶粘剂中适当添加填料。不仅可以减少胶液用量，降低用胶成本，而且能够改善胶粘剂的性能．目前，胶粘剂常用的填料有面粉。豆粉、木粉、树皮粉等。用无机矿物...     

Interface Characteristics of Wood-hybrid Composites

In recent years, many researchers all over the worldhave used inorganic compounds to improve theproperties of wood, for inorganic compounds are cheapand can be obtained easily. Furthermore, they havegood functions and are environmental-friendly if theyare well controlled (Chen Zhilin, 2003). Wood-hybridcomposite is a kind of organic-inorganic hybridmaterial(OIH). OIH means that organicmacromolecule material and inorganic material becomea mixed in molecule level to get excellent capabilities…     

日本水泥刨花板的生产及对我国的借鉴

文章详细介绍了日本水泥刨花板的生产发展现状以及其产品的性能和用途，并以此为借鉴，结合我国的实际情况，对我国发展水泥刨花板生产提出具有建设性的参考意见。     

Cement-bonded particleboard with a mixture of wheat straw and poplar wood

We investigated the hydration behavior and some physical/mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB) containing particles of wheat straw and poplar wood at various usage ratios and bonded with Portland cement mixed with different levels of inorganic additives. We determined the setting time and compression strength of cement pastes containing different additives and particles, and studied the effects of these additives and particles on thickness swelling, internal bond strength and modulus of rupture of CBPB by using RSM (Response Surface Methodology). The mathematical model equations (second-order response functions) were derived to optimize properties of CBPB by computer simulation programming. Predicted values were in agreement with experimental values (R2 values of 0.93, 0.96 and 0.96 for TS, IB and MOR, respectively). RSM can be efficiently applied to model panel properties. The variables can affect the properties of panels. The cement composites with bending strength > 12.5 MPa and internal bond strength > 0.28 MPa can be made by using wheat straw as a reinforcing material. Straw particle usage up to 11.5% in the mixture satisfies the minimum requirements of International Standard, EN 312 (2003) for IB and MOR. The dose of 4.95% calcium chloride, by weight of cement, can improve mechanical properties of the panels at the minimum requirement of EN 312. By increasing straw content from 0 to 30%, TS was reduced by increasing straw particle usage up to 1.5% and with 5.54% calcium chloride in the mixture, TS satisfied the EN 312 standard.     

氯氧镁水泥与竹材胶合的力学性能试验研究

竹材和新型材料氯氧镁水泥均具有资源可持续、性能优良和原材料丰富等优点。介绍了氯氧镁水泥与竹条、竹帘连接后的抗压强度、抗弯强度与胶层剪切强度的试验和检测工作,并将制得的竹／无机复合材料的抗压强度、抗弯强度与单板,无机复合材料进行比较,将其与膨胀珍珠岩水泥进行胶层剪切强度比较。结果表明,氯氧镁水泥与竹材结合后,其整体性能优良,尤其是竹条／无机复合材料的抗压强度、抗弯强度、胶层抗剪强度均超过其他材料;对于竹材不同部位的胶层抗剪强度,竹黄无节处最大、竹黄有节处次之、竹青无节处再次之、竹青有节处最小。本研究对开拓我国竹材利用的新领域和提高竹材连接强度等方面具有较高的应用价值。     

竹纤维*经济墙板初探

毛竹经鼓式削片机削片后用锤式打碎机加工成竹纤维。将竹纤维与采用同样工艺制备的针、阔叶木纤维进行纤 维形态对比，并用竹纤维取代木纤维作为混凝土骨科制备经济墙板。试验结果表明1)竹纤维形态优于木纤维；2)竹纤 维墙板可与针叶材纤维墙板媲美，且密度较低；3)用膨润土代替部分水泥可制备轻质经济墙板，轻质经济墙板的密度仅 为普通经济墙板的3／4，且强度及导热性能略优于普通经济墙板。     

A new technique to classify the compatibility of wood with cement

Summary Wood-cement panels have commanded renewed interest during the last decade because of their potential application in the building industry. Several methods to classify wood of various species regarding its compatibility with cement have been established in the literature based on hydration measurements in Dewar flasks. These ranking methods lack consistency in the classification of species because the hydration conditions vary among laboratories. Three techniques for evaluating wood-cement compatibility were established and compared. The best technique is based on a wood-cement compatibility factor which is the ratio of the area under the wood-cement hydration heat rate curve to that of neat cement. The area is calculated on 24-h basis starting from the initial cement set time. This area ratio method ranks species over a 100% scale and accounts well for species that are totally incompatible.This research was supported in part by the U.S. Agency for International Development under contract number 608-0160 administered by the Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, Morocco, and the University of Minnesota, USA     

Ground vegetation has a major role in element dynamics in an ash-fertilized cut-away peatland

In Finland, recycling of wood-ash as a fertilizer has been widely studied in recent decades in peatlands drained for forestry. Wood-ash is reported to promote tree growth without any significant negative impacts on the environment and could, therefore, be a suitable option on cut-away peatlands, which are estimated to increase by 30,000 ha over the next ten years. However, the environmental effects of ash-fertilization on cut-away peatlands or on ground vegetation are not well known. We studied the effects of wood- and peat-ash application on the nutrient content in soil and plants and on the heavy metal content in the vegetation of a cut-away peatland. Six treatments of different quantities and mixtures of wood-ash, peat-ash, biotite, or Forest PK-fertilizer were replicated in three plots. Both wood- and peat-ash fertilization ensured an adequate level of nutrients for the early establishment and growth of ground vegetation and birch seedlings in a cut-away peatland. Dense pioneer moss cover was important in trapping the heavy metals, such as cadmium, which are present in the ash. Ground vegetation of mosses and herbaceous plants also had a major role in the retention of the nutrients that could otherwise have leached from the open cut-away peatland area during the early stages of afforestation. Both wood- and peat-ash proved to be suitable for the initial fertilization of afforested cut-away peatlands, but in order to guarantee a sufficient long-term potassium supply for tree growth, an application of biotite with the peat-ash is recommended.     

沙柳材重组木的研制

以沙柳材为原料研制沙柳材重组木,并采用正交试验方法探讨了沙柳材重组木的热压压力、热压时间、热压温度以及施胶量等条件对产品性能的影响,得出实验室较佳的工艺参数。     

Improving the utility,performance, and durability of wood- and bio-based composites

Key message

This paper briefly reviews the state of the art in various types of wood- and bio-based composites, summarizes recent advances, and then discusses future possibilities for improving the durability of wood- and bio-based composites.

Context

Wood can be processed and reformed into a number of different biocomposites.

Aims

We aimed at reviewing the state of the art in various types of wood- and bio-based composites.

Methods

Review of utility, performance and durability of wood- and bio-based composites.

Results

The advanced biocomposites will:Combine wood, natural biofibers, and non-biomaterials to create synergistic hybrid materials that far exceed performance capabilities of current biocompositesBe renewable, recyclable, and totally sustainableProvide superior performance and serviceability exceeding performance of current biocompositesBe more durable, dimensionally stable, moisture proof, and fire resistantBe less expensive to produce and use (over the life cycle of use) than the materials they replace

Conclusion

The next generation of advanced wood- and bio-based composites must provide high-performance construction and specialty products that simultaneously promote resource and environmental sustainability and provide advanced performance, long-term performance, enhanced durability, and value.

     

桉木基复合材料研究进展

桉树作为我国主要的人工林树种之一,具有品种多、生长速度快等优点,在缓解我国木材供 需矛盾上发挥了重要作用。由于桉木存在高生长应力、节疤、易变形开裂等劣势,目前工业上主要用作 纸浆、纤维板或胶合板和单板层积材的芯板,其利用方式单一,附加值较低。近年来研究者们以桉木与 塑料、竹材等材料为原料制备复合材料,展现出良好的尺寸稳定性、力学性能、阻燃性、抗菌性等性能, 有效地提高了桉木的利用价值,拓宽了桉木在人造板、集装箱等领域的应用。文章分别介绍了桉木 / 塑 料、桉木 / 竹、桉木 / 水泥、桉木 / 无机物 4 种复合材料,并对其制备工艺、性能等方面的研究进展进行 综述。