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1.
黄连木春季大规格容器育苗技术   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
黄连木(Pistacia chinensis Bunge)是木本油料及用材树种.原产我国北自河北、山东,南至广东、广西,东到台湾,西南至四川、云南广大地区,其中以河南、河北、山西、陕西等省最多.黄连木果实含油率在35%左右,果肉含油率在50%左右,种子含油率在25%左右.黄连木油可食用,也可制作肥皂、润滑油,治疗牛皮癣等.  相似文献   

2.
黄连木容器育苗技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge是木本油料及用材树种。原产我国北自河北、山东,南至广东、广西,东到台湾,西南至四川、云南广大地区,其中以河南、河北、山西、陕西等省最多。黄连木果实含油率在35%左右,果肉含油率在50%左右,种子含油率在25%左右。  相似文献   

3.
山桐子不同采收期果实含油量分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对不同采收期的山桐子果实(果肉与种子)的含油量和含油率进行测定,结果表明,山桐子果实平均总含油率37.00%,其中果肉的平均含油率为41.44%,种子平均含油率为31.68%,果肉含油率明显高于种子含油率;果肉含油率以10月30日采收的为最高,种子含油率以10月10日最高,山桐子的最佳采摘时间为果实成熟后至10月30日前;此外,山桐子油中亚油酸含量非常高,达62%。  相似文献   

4.
黄连木天然群体表型变异与多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以11个黄连木天然群体为试材,对18个表型性状的变异与多样性进行分析,结果表明:黄连木表型性状存在极其丰富的群体间和群体内变异,各性状间的变异系数相差较大,变幅为4.249%~27.31%,果实性状的变异系数最小,受较高的遗传控制。群体间平均表型分化系数VST为22.27%,说明群体内变异是黄连木遗传变异的主要来源,采用聚类分析的方法,把11个群体分为4类,表型性状与地理气候因子相关分析表明除百果重、千粒重、种长几个性状外,多数表型性状随地理位置的改变没有明显的变化,但有随着经度、纬度的增加而逐渐增大趋势。  相似文献   

5.
君迁子天然群体表型变异研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以君迁子(Diospyros lotus)的13个天然群体为研究对象,对其果实纵径、果实横径、叶片纵径、叶片横径、种子长、种子宽、种子千粒重、2年生苗高、地径等9个表型性状的变异进行研究。结果表明:君迁子性状在不同群体间的果实、叶片和种子等表型均存在变异。果实分为长椭圆形和扁椭圆形2种。叶片的表型性状在种群间和种群内都存在变异,变异系数都超过了10%。群体间种子大小差异明显,群体间种子千粒重变化很大,桑植群体的千粒重为济源群体的4.25倍;群体内比较一致,个体间种子千粒重变异系数有9个群体小于3%,12个群体小于4%。2年生苗高、地径在群体间存在显著差异,其中卢氏群体的生长表现最好,苗高为94.70 cm,地径为16.7 mm;分宜群体生长表现最差,苗高为13.05 cm,地径为2.9 mm。多数表型性状与地理因子纬度、经度成正相关,与海拔成负相关。聚类分析显示,11个君迁子群体可分为4类,群体间的分类并没有依据地理距离的远近而聚类,说明君迁子群体间表型性状变异的不连续性。  相似文献   

6.
光皮树果实的数量性状变异   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对来自江西赣州和广东乐昌的21株光皮树优树果实的果肉厚度、鲜果千粒质量、种子千粒质量、果肉含油量、种子含油量、鲜果大小和种子大小等7项数量性状指标进行了研究.结果表明:果实数量性状的变异系数范围为4.35%~23.08%,其中种子大小、鲜果大小、种子含油量、果肉含油量、种子千粒质量、鲜果千粒质量和果肉厚度的变异系数分别为4.35%、6.78%、14.28%、14.39%、17.89%、19.06%和23.08%.果肉厚度与种子千粒质量、鲜果大小与种子大小均呈极显著正相关;种子大小与鲜果千粒质量、鲜果大小和鲜果千粒质量均呈显著正相关.21株光皮树优树果肉中含油量的变异幅度为26.35%~56.88%,种子中含油量的变异幅度为11.77%~19.83%.  相似文献   

7.
黄连木,为漆树科树干挺拔的高大乔木,叶片秀丽繁茂,秋季变红,既是城市、乡村及风景区的优良绿化树种,也是建筑、家具上等材料,特别是果实种子含油率高达42.46%~56.65%,是重要的工业原料,广泛种植,前景广阔。一、种子采集与贮藏黄连木每年3~4月开花,9~11月果实成熟。当果实由红色转变为铜锈色(蓝色)时,即为种子成熟期,再过10天左右即可采收。果实采收后,要及时放入40~50℃的草木灰温水中浸泡2~3天,搓烂果肉,除去种子外层蜡质,用清水将种子冲洗干净,放在通风阴凉处晾干。同时,选地势较高,排水良好的地块,挖深1m、宽1m的坑,将种子与湿砂按…  相似文献   

8.
无患子种实形态及经济性状的地理变异   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
对我国无患子分布区7个产地的种实形态性状及种仁含油率进行取样测定.方差分析结果表明,种实各性状在产地内单株间的变异程度不同,但多数性状在多数产地内均存在丰富的变异,在产地内进行单株选择是可行的.在不同产地间,无患子种实各性状均存在显著差异,河南西峡产地果实和种子较大,与其它产地间差异显著.无患子种仁含油率产地间变异系数最小,与地理气候因子间不存在明显的相关性,而种子质量、种子出仁率在不同产地间变异系数相对较大,且与种实大小显著正相关,可以通过选择较大的果实、种子来提高产油量.聚类及相关性分析表明,在一定程度上,无患子种实大小和种子出仁率有从低纬度产地向高纬度产地变大的变异趋势,因此无患子高产油单株的选择应重点在较高纬度产地果实、种子较大的个体中进行.  相似文献   

9.
黄连木资源概况、栽培技术及综合利用前景   总被引:39,自引:5,他引:34  
黄连木是河南省太行山石灰岩低山区主要森林植被和造林的良好树种.黄连木种子含油率高,是生产生物柴油的好原料.在对河南省黄连木资源概况、优良单株选择及栽培技术进行了深入细致地调查研究后,总结了黄连木的生物学特性、资源分布情况、生长规律、分类、优树选择标准及划分原则确定、种子繁殖及嫩枝扦插育苗技术、造林及抚育技术、主要虫害的防治方法等,并展望了黄连木综合利用前景.  相似文献   

10.
为了选育食用、油用及药用价值较高的白木通品种,对8个不同地理种源白木通的果实经济性状、果肉营养成分、藤条药用成分、种子含油率及脂肪酸组成相关指标进行了方差分析和多重比较。结果表明:(1)种源间的果实性状中各指标均存在显著性差异。安徽省宁国县军天湖乡天湖街道种源的可食率较高,超过30%,单果质量和果肉质量均最大,分别为276.64 g和84.82 g,显著高于其它7个地理种源,具有较高的食用价值。(2)种源间种子含油率及脂肪酸组成除不饱和脂肪酸外均存在显著性差异。安徽省宁国县军天湖乡天湖街道种源的含油率最高,为47.09%,不饱和脂肪酸的含量也较高,为72.61%,具有较高的油用价值。(3)种源间果肉营养成分性状存在显著性差异。江西省九江市东林寺东林村种源的总糖和还原糖含量最高,分别为32.35%和16.31%,显著高于其它7个地理种源,总酸及维生素C含量中等,果肉营养价值较高。(4)种源间藤条药用成分存在显著性差异。重庆市武隆县仙女乡白果村种源的齐墩果酸B含量最高,达到0.6%,显著高于其它7个地理种源,且其藤条的总药用成分含量最高,具有较高的药用价值。  相似文献   

11.
This research investigated and selected 4 natural populations of Picea likiangensis in Yunnan province, based on its natural distribution. The length, width, dry weight and C, N, P contents in needles of the 4 populations were measured to survey the phenotypic variation of natural populations and the relationship between the phenotypic variation and their altitude of distribution areas. The methods of ANOVA analysis, multi-comparison and correlation analysis were used for analyzing the data measured. The results showed that, there were remarkable (P<0.01) variations in needle length, width and dry weight among populations, with component of variance 15.05%-28.03%, but no variation of them within populations. The dry weight was significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated to the needle length and width, and their correlation coefficients were 0.466 39 and 0.665 67, respectively. Regarding to element content in needles, there were significant (P<0.05) variations of N and P contents, and C/N ratio among populations, excepting C content. Moreover, the component of variance among populations was higher (29.98%-37.56%) when compared with that within populations, and there was distinctly (P<0.01) variance of N/P ratio among populations, and its component of variance was 60.44%. For correlations between needle length and N/P ratio, altitude was negatively and significantly (P<0.01) correlated; for needle width, altitude was significant (P<0.01) positive correlated, for C content and C/N ratio, altitude was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated.  相似文献   

12.
在四川省炉霍县和道孚县鲜水河流域调查了花叶海棠6个居群共60个单株,分析比较了树叶和果实的主要营养成分,运用变异系数、方差分析、表型分化系数研究了10个表型性状的变异。结果表明:花叶海棠地径、树高、冠高、冠幅、结实量的居群内方差分量>80%.居群间差异的影响<20%。果实的纵径、横径、重量、果色、果形的变异也主要是由居群内差异引起的,居群间表型分化系数反映果色是以居群间变异占相对优势,纵径在居群间的变异略高于居群内的变异,而横径、果重和果形都是以居群内变异为主。果实维C含量的居群间差异很大,变异系数高达69.04。探讨了花叶海棠的遗传改良策略和资源利用途径。  相似文献   

13.
西部地区文冠果种群种子特征及主要化学成分的地理变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过野外实际调查和测定,对我国西部地区8个文冠果天然群体的种子特征及主要化学成分进行研究。结果表明:8个文冠果种群的种子横径为1.05~1.51cm,纵径为0.86~1.38cm,种形指数为1.07~1.32,种群间存在显著差异;陕西延安种群种子的千粒质量和出仁率均最大,分别为1108.4g和48.28%,显著高于甘肃和青海种群;8个种群的种仁含油率均在53%以上,且不同种群间差异显著;文冠果种仁油含有12种脂肪酸,其中含量最高的是亚油酸(40.90%~46.12%),其次是油酸(29.21%~31.25%);含有17种氨基酸(22.53%~27.58%),包括7种必需氨基酸,占总氨基酸的27.61%。相关分析结果表明:文冠果种形指数表现出明显的地理变化规律,随经度的增加,种形指数逐渐减小;种子千粒质量与4—9月份的降水量呈极显著正相关,与年平均温度呈显著正相关,与年干燥度呈显著负相关;种仁油含量随地理经度的减小而降低,与4—9月份的降水量呈显著正相关;种仁氨基酸含量与地理经度及无霜期相关性显著,随经度和无霜期的增加而增大,即东部地区氨基酸含量较高。  相似文献   

14.
从云南省红河州10个麻疯树产地采集其种子,并测定其生物学性状和化学成分,对相关数据进行方差分析比较,结果表明:产地不同,麻疯树种子的生物学性质、化学成分含量、种子油的组成和含量都有一些差异。麻疯树种仁粗脂肪含量为52.38%~65.89%,粗蛋白质含量为13.79%~26.13%,灰分含量为3.97%~5.15%,粗纤维含量为3.05%~4.74%。对麻疯树种子油进行分离得到6~9种化学成分,经鉴定,其主要化学成分为不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸占总量的14.13%~36.91%,油酸占总量的35.79%~51.12%。从实验结果看:2、3、4、8号样品的种子出仁率、含油率及不饱和脂肪酸含量都高,且产量也高,可作为优良的种源进行推广应用,其种子的产地也适宜作麻疯树生物柴油的开发基地。  相似文献   

15.
通过对武当山地区盾叶薯蓣(Diosorea zingiberenzis C.H.Wright)4个居群29个单株根茎的单株质量、折干率、生长速率、薯蓣皂苷元含量检测,及其各生物学特征的差异的研究,探讨了薯蓣皂苷元含量及其它生物特性的相关性。结果表明:武当山地区野生盾叶薯蓣根茎薯蓣皂苷元含量绝大多数在1.6%以上,含量超过2.0%的单株为79%,含量超过3.0%的单株为31%,最高含量达3.51%;武当山泰山庙盾叶薯蓣居群的根茎平均单株质量、平均生长速率、薯蓣皂苷元平均含量显著高于其它3个居群,折干率显著低于其它居群。盾叶薯蓣根茎的薯蓣皂苷元含量与根茎单株质量呈极显著正相关性,相关系数为0.6078,与根茎折干率呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.5989,与根茎生长速率不显示显著的相关性;盾叶薯蓣根茎单株质量和生长速率呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.7199;武当山泰山庙盾叶薯蓣居群为优良的盾叶薯蓣种质,武当山区适合建立野生盾叶薯蓣的种质保护基地。  相似文献   

16.
An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees(CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics,oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight(410.4 gm)and 100-seed weight(195.92 gm) and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight(4364.71 and 4289.93) and 100 seed weight(813.8 and768.93), respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight(98.28 %), and canopy growth(96.93 %). Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %,followed by pod width(53.43 %) and canopy growth(49.3 %). Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits,except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward's minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes(GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18,28, and 29) are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate,plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.  相似文献   

17.
An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics, oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight (410.4 gm) and 100-seed weight (195.92 gm) and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight (4364.71 and 4289.93) and 100 seed weight (813.8 and 768.93), respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight (98.28 %), and canopy growth (96.93 %). Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %, followed by pod width (53.43 %) and canopy growth (49.3 %). Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits, except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes (GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 28, and 29) are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate, plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.  相似文献   

18.
We studied seed morphometric characters, oil content and azadirachtin content in a medicinally important and insect repellent tree species Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Ten populations were selected from two central Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and twenty candidate plus trees were selected from each population based on tree attributes. Azadirachtin content was estimated in seeds, in vitro shoots and callus cultures through HPLC. Significant variation(p \ 0.05) was observed in seed morphometric characters, oil content and azadirachtin content among the ten populations. Maximum value for 100 seed weight was obtained in seeds of Raigarh(30.51 g) which was on par with seeds of Bargi(28.37 g)and Chhatarpur(26.36 g). The ratio of highest kernel to seed was also obtained in seeds of Raigarh(60.11%).Kernels from Chhatarpur population recorded the highest oil content(24.20%), which was equal to that in Sihore(23.75%) and Katni(21.75%). We recorded highly significant variation in azadirachtin content in seed samples,in vitro shoot samples and callus cultures. Maximum azadirachtin was present in the seeds of Gwalior(0.882%)which was on par with azadirachtin content in seeds of Chhatarpur, Katni, Sihore, Shahdol and Chhindwara.Maximum azadirachtin in the in vitro shoots was present in the cultures of Gwalior(0.218%) which was statistically on par with Sihore(0.176%). Similarly, in callus cultures of nodal segments maximum azadirachtin was recorded in the Gwalior population(0.033%) which was statistically on par with Sihore(0.028%). The trees of Gwalior and Sihore populations can be produced in large numbers through vegetative propagation to obtain seeds with higher azadirachtin content.  相似文献   

19.
以小果油茶全分布区的15个居群为试验材料,分析其种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分12个性状的变异状况.结果表明:小果油茶种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分性状变异类型较为丰富,遗传多样性水平较高,但不同性状的变异水平相差较大.除了西南地区5个居群外,含油率及脂肪酸组分12个性状在其它居群的多重比较中呈显著差异.除了含油率在居群间的变异略大于居群内外,脂肪酸各组分性状主要变异存在于居群内,且居群内变异远大于居群间变异.利用主成分分析得综合得分值来评价居群品质水平,结果表明福建漳浦居群综合得分值最高,即品质水平最佳,其次为福建闽清,其余居群排序依次为江西宜春、广西融水、福建建宁、贵州黎平、广西龙胜、广西三江、湖南通道、湖南平江、江西定南、江西崇仁、福建浦城、福建宁化及湖北阳新.  相似文献   

20.
用挥发油提取器提取马尾松土贡种源松针中挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析其中的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,并与马尾松普通种源松针油做对比。结果表明,土贡种源和普通种源挥发油得油率分别为0.52%、0.60%,各分出69、75个成分,鉴定其中23个,分别占挥发油总量的92.65%、94.56%,其挥发油主要成分为α-蒎烯(37.673%、46.715%)、莰烯(3.724%、3.015%)、β-蒎烯(14.969%、12.978%)、石竹烯(8.242%、10.212%),除α-蒎烯含量相差9.042%以外,其他成分含量相差不大。  相似文献   

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