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1.
杨梅结瘤固氮特性研究*   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
研究4种土壤盆栽杨梅生长及结瘤固氮特性表明:花坛土有利于杨梅的生长和结瘤固氮,其生长量、结瘤量及根瘤固氮活性分别为31.687g/株、1.789g/株和3.420μmolC2N4/(g鲜瘤·h);红壤十砂(2:1混合)次之,在这种土壤上栽植的杨梅,其生长量略低于花坛土,结瘤量及根瘤固氮活性接近于花坛土;砂十花坛土(10:1混合)居第三;红壤最差,仅为8。322g/株、0.333g/株和1.315μmolC2H4/(g鲜瘤·h)。红壤施用石灰(15g/盆)土壤pH为5.4~6.0时杨梅的生长量、结瘤量及根瘤固氮活性最高,分别为18.524g/株、1.182g/株和2.524μmolC2H4/(g鲜瘤·h);充足的水分有利于杨梅的生长和结瘤固氮,外套水盆以底部持续供水且底部渍水时杨梅的结瘤量、生长量和根瘤固氮活性均有提高,前者提高幅度较大,达3.519g/株。杨梅根瘤固氮活性的季节动态和日变化是:一年中有两个活性高峰,分别在6~7月份和10月份,1月份的固氮活性最低。一日中根瘤固氮活性以中午和夜间12时最高。  相似文献   

2.
苦豆碱对松材线虫的杀线活性   总被引:41,自引:4,他引:41  
赵博光 《林业科学》1996,32(3):243-247
研究了苦豆草中苦豆碱对松材线虫的杀线活性,讨论了苦豆草生物碱在研究防治松材线虫病中的意义。使用含苦豆碱的培养基培养灰葡萄抱菌菌丝的生物测定方法,测定了苦豆碱对松材线虫的杀线活性,5天后培养基中苦豆碱的LC50=2.63×10-5g/ml,当浓度为1×10-4g/ml和2.63×10-5g/ml时,15天后苦豆碱的杀线率分别为99.9%和94.3%。  相似文献   

3.
枣尺蠖核多角体病毒活性及林间防治试验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文报道了枣尺蠖( Chihuo zao Yang) 核多角体病毒(CzNPV) 活性的生物测定结果及在山西太谷枣树林间防治枣尺蠖的试验效果。以不同浓度该病毒悬液浸渍鲜枣树叶,饲喂感染3 龄初枣尺蠖幼虫,病毒浓度对数值与死亡机率的回归直线方程为^y = 0 .231 + 0 .859 x ;LC50 及95 % 的置信限分别为3-65 ×105 及4-04 ×104 ~3-13 ×106PIBs/m L。以2-5 ×105 、1-25 ×106 、2-5 ×106 、1-25 ×107 和2-5 ×107PIBs/m L5 种浓度病毒感染3 龄初幼虫,其LT50 值分别为10-01 、9-57、9-08 、7-94 和7-49 d 。同一浓度病毒(2-5 ×106 PIBs/mL) 对不同虫龄感染力不同。幼虫死亡率随虫龄增大而降低,从2 龄的96-7 % 降低到4 龄的30-0 % ;LT50 值随着虫龄增大而增大,从2 龄的5-97 d 增加到4 龄的12-57 d 。在山西太谷枣林枣尺蠖幼虫2 龄、3 龄占85 % 时喷洒浓度为2-5 ×107PIBs/ mL 的病毒悬液,虫口减退率高,成本较低,可在生产上推广应用  相似文献   

4.
沙棘籽油,果汁对急性放射病小鼠防护作用的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
程体娟  朱玉真 《沙棘》1995,8(4):32-35
本文用^60Coγ-射线使小鼠产生急性放射病。小鼠灌胃沙棘籽油和果汁,观察其防护作用。结果表明,沙棘油和果汁大剂量(4.75和14.4g/kg)可使小鼠30d存活率分别提高30%和35%。籽油(5.9和2.98g/kg) 和果汁(18和9g/kg)还能降低受照小鼠PCE微核率,此外籽油11.9、5.95和2.98g/kg与果汁14.4和7.2g/kg还能提高小鼠脾CFU-S数,籽油5.95g/kg  相似文献   

5.
柳毒蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂林间防治试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
多点小面积和大面积防治试验证明,由室内及林间增殖的NPV配制病毒制剂防治柳毒蛾幼虫是有效的。一旦将病毒引入林内,即可引起流行病发生并导致柳毒蛾密度锐减。其喷洒剂量在6.0×10^11-7.5×10^11PIB/hm^2,最高不超过1.5×10^12PIB/hm^2。防治适期应在3-4龄幼虫占80%左右时为宜,了可提前在2-3龄幼虫占85%左右时进行。喷洒时间在16:00以后为好。  相似文献   

6.
柳毒蛾核型多角体病毒毒力衰减测定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以天然饲料室内饲养的3龄柳毒蛾幼虫为供试虫,测定用同一标准方法生产的柳毒蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂的毒力,以当年生产的病毒杀虫剂为标准试剂,感染幼虫死亡率为94%,LC50为3.15×10^3PIB/ml,4℃条件下贮藏1年,2年、3年的病毒杀虫剂,其活性分别丧失1.9%,3.3%,7.9%。  相似文献   

7.
滩地柳树无性系人工林密度试验研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
长江滩地4年生苏柳172等无性系密度试验结果表明,造林密度对蓄积量生长和林木干形影响显著,1m×1.5m密度林分,蓄积年生长量达27.5m^3/hm^2,滩地柳林造林密度应不低于1667株/hm^2。  相似文献   

8.
马尾松幼树根系固氮细菌的发现及其初步研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
谢莉华  周建 《林业科学》1997,33(2):152-160
对六类不同岩性发育的土壤中马尾松幼树根系的固氮细菌进行了初步研究,结果发现,在马尾松幼树的根系上能普遍分离到固氮细菌,但在不同岩性的土壤中分离的效果有差异;主、侧根及树势等的不同都影响分离效果。采用根段法和富集法共分离到142个菌株。其中一株经鉴定为争论产碱菌(Alcaligenesparadoxus)。并对其中26个菌株进行了回接实验,有9个菌株回接成功。固氮效能的测定结果表明其中A`10、A`13、G1、g2w四株菌的固氮效能为每消耗1g葡萄糖分别固定氮2.10—3.50mg、4.20—5.13mg、3.66—6.83mg和1.93—2.60mg。  相似文献   

9.
芽枝状枝孢霉和螨蚧轮枝菌防治湿地松粉蚧研究初报   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用芽枝状枝孢霉Cladosporium cladosporioides(Fres)Derrues和蜡蚧轮枝菌Verticillium lecanii的孢子液2.5×10^70/ml和01.7×10^7/ml防治湿地松粉蚧Oracellaacula(Lobdell),试验结果为:在室内,用芽枝状枝孢霉的校正死亡率分别为82.7%和85.0%,用蜡蚧轮板菌的校正死亡率分别为86.7%和65.9%;林地  相似文献   

10.
1985年选择长白落叶松种子园优良无性系进行芽接,于1987年营造丰产林0.48hm^2,以普通长白落叶松作对照。树龄8年生时,优良无性系树高,胸径,材积及每公顷蓄积量平均分别为3.99m,3.48cm,20.2×10^0-4m^3,和2.244m^3,分别和对照106.2%,103.3%,123.9%和123.8%;13年生时上述各因子平均值为7.18m,7.94cm,22.6×10^-4m^3  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.  相似文献   

14.

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.  相似文献   

15.

Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated.  相似文献   

16.

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

18.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

20.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > TithoniaEuphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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