温州名木古树资源及其开发利用价值

温州名木古树资源极为丰富,据调查已鉴定名木古树有１０４种,隶属４０科７５属;地理成份复杂、热带、亚热带成份占优势;并拥有较多的孑遗种、特有种、单种属;具有古、稀、奇特色;同时还拥有较多的国家级保护树种、创分布新记录和温州特有种。为温州市现代林业的发展提供了科学的依据和丰富的物种基因库,为温州市旅游风景资源展示了自然美的珍贵价值,又是为研究温州古代原始森林植被起源、演替、树种组成、结构特征和历史各进     

林火与水土流失

本文综述了林地用火与水土流失关系, 阐明在北方及南方平原林地"规定用火"或"迹地用火"后, 土壤渗透性能得到改善, 水土流失较为轻微; 而在南方山区, 强度火烧后水土流失较为严重, 陡坡地段可蚀性较强的土壤水土流失尤为严重。根据火后土壤生境特点及用火现状, 指出林业用火与耕作制度有机组合, 形成特定的"农林业系统", 将为南方林业生产带来重大改革。     

生态城市与城市绿化

良好地反映人与自然和谐发展关系 ,各项规划建设能以不使环境遭到破坏为标准 ,行为主体的活动能自觉地朝利于维护周围环境并融于自然的天然群落即为生态城市。城市绿化的作用在于改善气候、改善环境卫生、蓄水防洪、防灾减灾、美化环境、节约能源等。目前在我国城市绿化方面存在着以下问题 :①都市规划缺乏宏观性、全面性和远见性 ;②绿色城市观念没有在大多数市民中形成 ;③缺乏硬性绿化指标 ;④绿化模式脱离国情、市情 ;⑤园林水平与国外相比有较大差距 ;⑥修建大草坪热温度居高不下 ;⑦城市绿化简单化 ;⑧应该绿化可以绿化的地方尚未绿化 ;⑨绿化布局、比例不尽合理与和谐 ;⑩重种植轻管护。针对以上问题 ,提出了创建生态城市的建议     

生态经济林与可持续发展

通过实地调查与资料收集，对生态经济树种及生态经济林进行了定义，分析了我国经济林的生产现状及发展生态经济林的意义。介绍了浙江省杨梅、山核桃、山茱萸、香榧等主要生态经济树种的经济效益与生态效益，并探讨了生态经济林纯林、混交林、立体经营及散生庭院式的栽培模式及规范化栽培，指出山地或坡地发展生态经济林应以混交林和立体经营为主，减少纯林栽培，提倡四旁、宅院种植经济林以增加收入、美化环境。同时指出生态经济林也是经济林生存和持续发展的根本问题。     

Water and nutrient dynamics and tree growth

The balance in the investment of assimilate at any time into leaves and roots may depend on whether water, nutrients or radiation are limiting to growth. Also, for the same investment of assimilate into roots, the root configuration may range from intensive to extensive in both space and time, to take best advantage of the distribution and amount of water and nutrients. Intensive root configurations, which include mycorrhizas and proteoid roots, assist in the uptake of nutrients (such as phosphorus) which are rate-limiting in soil. Mycorrhizas may assist in water uptake in dry or coarse textured soils with low unsaturated hydraulic conductivities.

Adaptations which assist trees to survive in dry and nutrient-deficient environments are discussed. These mechanisms may reduce, maintain or increase growth. In production forestry, it is desirable to exploit those mechanisms which increase growth. When soil water and nutrients limit tree growth, productivity may be improved by increasing the amount of uptake of water and nutrients, or by increasing the efficiency by which they are used in growth. Maximizing water-use efficiency when soil water supply is limiting may be dependent on whether the trees are in mixed stands or in monoculture. Selecting trees with relatively less root may improve productivity in monocultures when weeds are controlled and fertilizer is added. It is well known that trees can ‘re-use’ nutrients by retranslocating them within the tree to zones of demand. Relatively little is known, though, about differences in the biochemical involvement of nutrients at the cellular and subcellular level which contribute to differences in nutrient-use efficiency in trees.     

国内外水土流失与土壤退化现状及特点分析

土壤侵蚀是土地退化的主要原因,全球约有1 965.0万km2的面积受到各种形式土壤退化的影响,水土流失与土地退化给人类的可持续发展带来了巨大的压力。我国水土流失尤为严重,根据最新第2次水土流失遥感调查结果表明,全国现有的水土流失面积为356.0万km2。轻度水蚀区主要分布在东中部,中度水蚀区绝大部分在中西部,强度及以上的水蚀区主要在西部地区。严重的水土流失使生态环境不断恶化,加剧土地资源危机,已成为严重的社会问题。     

喷播绿化与喷播机械的技术概况

介绍了喷播绿化种植技术及部分国外喷播机械,分析了喷播机械的结构特征及应用范围,论述了喷播设备的国产化现状及存在的问题。     

城市森林与城市绿化可持续发展

针对目前城市绿化中存在的生态环境效能低下 ;绿化维护成本高 ;绿化的社会价值未能充分体现等主要问题 ,提出将城市森林建设作为城市绿化可持续发展的立足点。在阐明城市森林概念和范围的基础上 ,论述了城市森林的主要生态作用。并提出了城市森林建设的思路。     

早实薄皮核桃品种引种筛选试验及综合评价

近年来,随着核桃产业的发展和早实薄皮核桃的推广应用,青海省河湟谷地也纷纷引种。由于引种前缺乏相关研究,引进品种杂乱,其表现良莠不齐,优少劣多现象突出。为了筛选出能适于该地区栽培的薄皮核桃品种,对引进的9个早实薄皮核桃品种开展了引种试验和观测分析,采用数据直观分析和主成分分析相结合的方法,对各品种果实的经济学性状进行了分析评价,筛选出了辽宁1号、中林5号为适于青海省栽培的优良品种,这两个品种可在该区域适度发展。     

麻疯树主要病虫害种类及其防治

通过几年来对麻疯树病虫害的观察和调查,发现病虫害多种。仅对其中危害相对严重的4种病害、7种虫害以及一种生理性病害的发生情况、发生规律及其相应的防治措施进行了总结介绍。     

祁阳县木竹经营加工现状及其对策

木竹经营加工是湖南祁阳县一个传统优势产业.近年来,祁阳县木竹产业在快速发展的同时也暴露出一些实际困难和问题,制约了产业的进一步发展壮大.新时期木竹经营加工发展思路就是要坚持科学布局.加强引导服务,加大政府扶持,加强领导监管.     

木素及其衍生物在农、林业中的应用

木素及其衍生物主要是来自木材制浆和造纸工业的副产物，即硫酸盐（或碱）木素、木素磺酸盐或木材水解工业产生的剩余物，即水解木素。过去这些木素大多作为燃料使用，为了提高木材利用率和增加工厂经济效益，科学工作者研究了关于木素及其衍生物在工、农（林）业生产中的应用，并取得了很多成就。本文评述了木素及其衍生物在农、林业中的应用，包括：植物生长刺激剂、含氮木素肥料、含微量元素木素肥料、土壤改良剂、动物饲料添加剂、农药缓慢释放剂等。     

Polyprenylated isoflavanone and isoflavonoids from Ormosia henryi and their cytotoxicity and anti-oxidation activity

A rare naturally-occurring polyprenylated isoflavanone, designated ormosinol (1), and a new isoflavonoid glycoside, named ormosinoside (2), along with 21 known compounds were isolated from the root bark of Ormosia henryi Prain. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined as 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxyl-6,8,5′-tri-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)isoflavanone and isoprunetin-7-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of a combination of 1D-, 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic measurements. Compound 1 showed significant anti-oxidation activity against DPPH radicals (IC₅₀ 28.5 μM) and cancer cell line (A549, LAC, and HepG2) growth inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ ranging from 4.25 to 7.09 μM, while compound 2 found to be inactive to both testing systems.     

巴东县水土流失现状、成因及治理对策

笔者阐述了巴东县水土流失现状及其危害,从自然和人为两个方面分析了水土流失成因,并从技术和政策层面提出了治理对策。     

海洋资源开发利用与环境可持续发展问题研究

通过查阅相关文献和资料,对我国海洋资源及其开发利用过程中所造成的环境问题进行了研究,结果表明:我国海洋资源开发迅速但管理措施尚不完善,且由于开发技术等原因,现阶段我国海洋资源在开发利用过程中已遭到一些破坏,产生的一系列海洋环境问题日趋严重。指出了为进一步深入开发和利用海洋资源,必须坚持可持续发展的思想,在开发的同时一定要加强管理,加强对海洋资源的评估和保护,合理开发和利用海洋资源,针对海洋资源的开发利用提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Radiation-use efficiency and gas exchange responses to water and nutrient availability in irrigated and fertilized stands of sweetgum and sycamore

We investigated how water and nutrient availability affect radiation-use efficiency (epsilon) and assessed leaf gas exchange as a possible mechanism for shifts in epsilon. We measured aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and annual photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) capture to calculate epsilon as well as leaf-level physiological variables (light-saturated net photosynthesis, Asat; stomatal conductance, gs; leaf internal CO2 concentration, Ci; foliar nitrogen concentration, foliar [N]; and midday leaf water potential, Psileaf) during the second (2001) and third (2002) growing seasons in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) stands receiving a factorial combination of irrigation and fertilization at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Irrigation and fertilization increased PAR capture (maximum increase 60%) in 2001 and 2002 for both species and annual PAR capture was well correlated with ANPP (mean r2 = 0.77). A decreasing trend in epsilon was observed in non-irrigated stands for sweetgum in 2001 and for sycamore in both years, although this was only significant for sycamore in 2002. Irrigated stands maintained higher gas exchange rates than non-irrigated stands for sweetgum in 2001 and for sycamore in both years, although foliar [N] and Psileaf were generally unaffected. Because Ci decreased in proportion to gs in non-irrigated stands, it appeared that greater stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was associated with decreased Asat. On several measurement dates for sweetgum in 2001 and for sycamore in both years, epsilon was positively correlated with gas exchange variables (Asat, gs, Ci) (r ranged from 0.600 to 0.857). These results indicate that PAR capture is well correlated with ANPP and that gas exchange rates modified by irrigation can influence the conversion of captured light energy to biomass.     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Comnosites

There are many advantages of bended wood, such as good-looking shape, simple process and low cost. The product, however, is easy to get recovery, which is urgent to be dealt with. This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability. Compared to bended solid wood, some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented. The purpose of this paper is to suggest： 1） to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation, according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius; 2） to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation, dynamic viscoelasticity and crystallization field; 3） to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions. It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

辽宁杨树主要病虫害的识别及防治

文章对辽宁省杨树速生丰产林建设发展中经常遇到的病虫害进行了介绍，并重点阐述了发生在杨树上的主要种类蒙古象甲、黑绒金龟、白杨透翅蛾、杨干象、青杨天牛、光肩星天牛、杨树溃疡病、杨树腐烂病、杨树黑斑病的形态识别、危害部位和防治方法等。     

古树名木的养护与管理初探

分析了古树名木的衰败原因,并针对衰败原因提出古树养护管理的措施和方法。     

计算机及网络的管理与安全防护

近年来,随着科技的发展,计算机和网络得到飞速发展和应用,已成为社会运转的核心和未来发展的趋势,信息化在为发展带来机遇和便利的同时,也带来安全问题。文章以计算机管理为研究重点,对计算机的管理与安全防护现状进行了分析,并以风险管理理念为指导,从培育风险意识、加强制度建设、运用技术手段、强化监督检查等方面,提出了加强计算机管理的对策。