湖南省杉木种子园结实现状及发展对策

从分析湖南现有杉木初级、1.5代、2代种子园结实量现状入手,分析了不同世代的种子园结实量低的原因.初级种子园主要是林龄大,树体高大,本身结实量少,加上树体大,可采种子非常少;1.5代种子园,都闭度大,树枝枯死,造成结实量少;2代种子园管理粗放,种子产量不高.根据多年对种子园结实量研究,提出了提高种子园结实量的主要技术措...     

Seed supply and the regeneration potential for plantations and shrubland in southern China

Assessing the characteristics of seed supply will be vital to better understand the dynamics of forest regeneration. In this study, we surveyed the aboveground vegetation, the seed rain, the seed bank, and natural seedling emergence in four typical 24-year-old plantations (eucalyptus, mixed-native, mixed-legume, and mixed-conifer) and a naturally successioned shrubland in southern China. The dominant species in the understory were similar among the five plant communities. The seed rain and the seed bank were dominated by shrubs and herbs but indigenous tree species were rare. Species that were common to all five-plant communities represented a great proportion of the seeds in the seed rain and seed bank. The seed rain consisted mostly of seeds derived from the local plant community. Seed abundance was greater in the seed bank than in the seed rain, and species richness was greater in the seed bank and in the corresponding plant community than in the seed rain. Species composition similarity between the seed rain, the seed bank, and the aboveground vegetation was low, because the seed rain contained much fewer species, and the seed bank and aboveground vegetation contained many different species, respectively. These findings indicate that both the seed rain and the seed bank play important roles in providing seeds for plant recruitment in the understory, but the seed bank contributes more than the current seed rain to the diversity of recruited plants. The current plant community has little impact on the qualitative composition of the seed rain and seed bank. Based on these data, it appears that succession to the desired zonal, mature forest community is unlikely to result from seeds in the seed rain or seed bank. Lack of seed availability of desired zonal mature forest species is the main bottleneck currently limiting succession in the plantations. Reintroduction of late-successional species could facilitate the desired succession.     

红松无性系种子园与实生种子园种实性状观测

建立红松无性系种子园和实生种子园的实践证明:嫁接母树的结实株数、结实率、公顷产种量、种子千粒重等9项种实性状均优于实生母树,关键种实性状指标结实率、公顷产种量、出种率、种子千粒重、出仁率分别是实生母树的3.67倍、2.74倍、1.16倍、1.02倍和1.12倍.     

Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of Cordia africana Lam.provenances in Ethiopia

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia.Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared.Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in10 replications,and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance.Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance.Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured.Seed length,seed width,seed mass,and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences(P0.001) among provenances.Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage,seed width and altitude,seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude.Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature,seed width and rainfall,seed mass and temperature,and germination and temperature of the seed source.As expected,differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour.Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。     

流水冲洗对层积处理水曲柳种子胚生长和种子萌发的影响

以水曲柳种子为材料,探索流水冲洗对种子层积处理萌发的效果。结果表明:流水冲洗处理促进了层积催芽过程中水曲柳种胚的发育,提高了种子萌发率。水曲柳种子层积处理前进行流水冲洗96 h可以获得良好的催芽效果。     

日本厚朴种子休眠原因初探

该文研究日本厚朴种皮透水性、透气性、种皮内生物抑制物、种皮结构对种子休眠的影响.结果表明,日本厚朴种子中种皮对种子吸水性有抑制作用,种子种皮抑制种子透气,种子的假种皮、内种皮、胚乳、胚中存在较多抑制物,各部分的抑制部位均有所不同;种皮结构不是引起日本厚朴种子休眠的主要原因.     

苦槠种子形态性状的地理变异分析

苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott.)为壳斗科(Fagaceae)栲属(Castanopsis (D. Don.) Spach.)植物[1],是亚热带地区常绿阔叶林的重要建群树种,也是亚热带常绿阔叶林次生演替阶段重要的先锋树种,对群落的组成、外貌、功能等都有一定控制作用[2].苦槠作为优良多用途树种,其生态效益、经济价值、食品保健功用及其在园林绿化中的地位已逐渐得到认可[3-4].目前,国内对苦槠的研究已有了一定基础,但对苦槠种群遗传学研究较少.种子是物种遗传变异的重要特征之一,在分类和遗传上具有重要的价值[5],种子形态不仅决定其扩散能力,也影响到种子的萌发和幼苗定植,进而影响到种群的分布格局[6].研究苦槠种子性状变异及其地理分化,对了解苦槠种群遗传分布格局具有重要意义,进而也可为苦槠天然林的保护和人工林的营建提供理论参考.     

柏木种子活力探讨

通过对柏木种子活力生化指标的测定,用相关分析、逐步回归和主要成分分析方法,探讨了不同采种期、地形部位、球果大小和种子大小各批种子活力之间的关系。结果表明,种子活力指数可表达种子迅速、整齐萌发的发芽潜力和幼苗生长势,是柏木种子较常规发芽率和其它各生理指标更可靠有效的质量指标。柏木种子生理成熟期较其球果形态成熟期提前10—20天,其后活力显著下降。不同坡位对种子活力影响显著,从坡下部到坡顶,活力显著下降。种子活力与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性呈显著正相关,与电导率成显著负相关,后者同种子成熟度密切相关。种子4种内含物(蛋白质、还原糖、蔗糖和淀粉)对种子活力,千粒重和幼苗干重影响显著,其中还原糖含量与种子成熟度紧密相关。球果或种子越大,活力越高,二者极显著相关。     

长白落叶松种子园各无性系结实量及播种品质差异研究

通过对长白落叶松种子园各无性系结实量、种子产量及播种品质等因子的定点研究,基本上掌握了长白落叶松种子园各无性系结实量及播种品质差异,选择出17个优质高产无性系,用选出的优质高产无性系构成新的生产群体,种子产量提高1.3~1.6倍,种子发芽率达到60%(国家Ⅰ级种子标准);各无性系间种子产量、播种品质等因子差异极大。     

毛果含笑种子休眠的原因及其休眠的破除

毛果含笑为分布于云南的珍贵绿化观赏树种,其种子具有休眠习性。为解决毛果含笑种子的有效繁殖问题,从种子的形态结构,种皮的透水性、种子中的萌发抑制物质测定,种子的生活力测定及其种子萌发试验等方面,对毛果含笑种子休眠的原因及破除方法进行了研究。结果表明:种胚发育不完全和种子所含的萌发抑制物质是导致毛果含笑种子休眠的主要原因。毛果含笑种皮具有较好的透水性,与其休眠的关系不大,由此可认为毛果含笑种子的休眠类型为形态生理休眠;用蒸馏水浸泡或赤霉素液浸泡种子均可有效破除毛果含笑种子休眠,促进其萌发。     

不同产地红松种子形态特征的差异

对红松种子的9项形态特征指标研究发现,不同产地之间种子在外种皮厚、千粒重、种长、种宽、种厚、长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比、种皮比例9方面差异显著,气候因子影响种子的千粒重、种长、种宽、种厚、长宽比、长厚比,而地理因子影响外种皮厚、千粒重、种长、长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比、种皮比例。     

凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林土壤种子库和种子雨的特征研究

选择四川省沐川县凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在2004年5月、2004年12月和2005年5月对其林下土壤种子库、种子雨以及种子天然萌发状况等方面进行系统调查及分析研究。结果显示,种子下落前后土壤种子库储量,变动为643.2～889.2粒.m-2,物种和种子密度多年生草本物种均占优势。天然林土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener指数均在2004年5月最大,2004年12月次之,2005年5月最小;Simpson指数却和Shannon-Wiener指数H＇的变化趋势相反;Pielou均匀度指数在2004年12月有所降低,此后又升高。种子均呈明显垂直分布,其中0～2 cm土层种子数量最多,其次是枯枝落叶层,其数量随着土层加深而降低。土壤种子库年输入活力种子142.3粒.m-2,年输出活力种子268.9粒.m-2,动物取食是造成种子损失的主要原因。对照人工林土壤种子库物种和密度均低于天然林地;种子库与地上植被物种相似性系数,人工林较高,而天然次生常绿阔叶林较低。     

省沽油种子营养成分分析与评价

省沽油是一种很好的木本油料树种,其种子营养价值较高。为了规模化推广这一森林特色资源,为其开发利用提供理论和技术依据,采用常规方法和GC-MS对其种子营养成分及含量进行了测定,并比较分析了种子、花蕾、嫩梢和嫩叶中营养成分的差异情况。结果表明:种子中营养成分种类多、含量丰富,种源间没有变异,且栽培种子略高于野生种子,所含矿质元素具有K∶Na之值高而Zn∶Cu之值低的特点,18种氨基酸总含量为14.1%,其中人体必需氨基酸为5.1%;花蕾中常规成分的营养价值高于种子、嫩梢和嫩叶;种子油脂含有12种主要脂肪酸,其中的不饱和脂肪酸以油酸(9.8%~14.9%)、亚油酸(24.0%~45.5%)和亚麻酸(4.1%~7.3%)为主,不同种子之间其各种不饱和脂肪酸含量的差异大,2004年栽培种子>2004年野生种子>2003年野生种子。     

Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordia africana</Emphasis> Lam. provenances in Ethiopia

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in 10 replications, and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance. Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance. Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured. Seed length, seed width, seed mass, and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among provenances. Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage, seed width and altitude, seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude. Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature, seed width and rainfall, seed mass and temperature, and germination and temperature of the seed source. As expected, differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour. Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.     

松嫩草地不同次生光碱斑种子流比较及其潜在生态恢复意义

在松嫩平原不同退化程度的草地中选取三个次生光碱斑,通过分析其土壤种子库和表面种子流动态,探讨了土壤表面种子流在次生光碱斑植被恢复中的潜在作用。研究结果表明:样地间种子流种类与数量上相似性很高,且种子流与周围植被具有一定的相关性。土壤表面种子流数量巨大,且以一年生耐盐碱的先锋植物(虎尾草和碱蓬)种子为主,占总流量的 96 %。虽然土壤表面的种子流量巨大,但次生光碱斑对种子的截留能力很低,土壤种子库得不到及时更新与补充,常处于较低水平,尤其在 5 月份和 6 月份,土壤中甚至没有种子出现。土壤种子库和表面种子流表现出季节性动态变化,均在 10 月份达到最大。土壤种子库缺乏是限制次生光碱斑的植被自然恢复能力的一个重要因素。因此,表面种子流是潜在的种子资源,提高次生光碱斑对种子的截留能力(人工处理方式),将加速次生光碱斑的植被恢复进程。图 5 表2 参 27。     

两种不同种源麻疯树种子发芽特征探讨

比较分析两种不同麻疯树种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数、发芽条件以及外观品质,结果表明：种源、种壳、种质、湿度、氧气以及种子前处理影响了种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数;破壳比未破壳的发芽效果好,种源A比种源B种子发芽率高,发芽期间应保持一定的湿度和通气条件,前期的消毒、浸种也是必需的环节。     

浙江省杉木种子园丰产技术研究

五年中布置了多项试验，对浙江省杉木投产和园丰产经营技术作出了进一步的研究；调查了浙江几个主要杉木一代种子园的经营管理水平及年度产量变化情况；进行了影响杉木种子园种子产量的生物因子和环境因子的系统监测和收集。在此基础上总结出杉木种子园丰产技术系列。     

Comparative mast seed production in unmanaged and shelterwood white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stands in central Ontario

The effect of the seed cut of the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system on white pine seed production, seed characteristics, and seed viability during 2 mast seeding events was examined in operationally harvested second growth, white pine-dominated forest stands in central Ontario. Seed traps placed along transects in unmanaged and shelterwood stands in each of 3 blocks were used to monitor seed production in 2000 and 2006 (4 and 10 years after harvesting). During these 2 mast seed years between 386,000 and 2,730,600 seed ha^?1 were produced among study stands. Total seed production expressed on a per hectare and unit pine basal area basis did not differ by harvest treatment or among blocks in either year. Variability in seed production among stands was primarily due to differences in stand structure, with seed production positively related to white pine basal area. Seed characteristics were largely similar between harvested and unmanaged stands and between seed years. Seed viability was relatively high in both years, with seed from shelterwoods germinating slightly slower than those from unmanaged stands. Seed quality, as estimated by laboratory germination performance, was higher in 2006 than 2000, likely due to improved seed development and maturation in the warmer, wetter growing season of 2006. Our results suggest that the seed cut of the uniform shelterwood system applied to second growth white pine stands is unlikely to adversely affect white pine seed production, seed quality, or potential for natural regeneration during mast seeding events.     

''''紫梗籽银''''桂种子休眠原因的初步探讨

通过对‘紫梗籽银’桂种子种皮结构的电镜扫描、种子发芽率、生活力、种皮吸水量测定以及种子不同部位浸提液对白菜种子萌发影响的试验,初步探讨了‘紫梗籽银’桂种子的休眠原因。结果表明,‘紫梗籽银’桂种子坚硬的外种皮不是引起休眠的原因,种子的休眠可能是由于种皮和种仁内含有发芽抑制物质引起的。