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1.
[目的]为了解森林土壤氮素转化特征及土壤氮供应能力,为森林生态系统合理经营管理提供科学依据。[方法]以东北寒温带人工红松针叶林和天然次生阔叶混交林表层土壤为研究对象开展室内培养试验,采用15N同位素成对标记技术和FLUAZ数值优化模型,研究不同深度的土壤氮初级转化速率特征。[结果]林地土壤的氮初级转化速率受林型、土壤深度及二者间交互作用的影响。人工红松针叶林土壤氮初级矿化速率和无机氮固定速率显著低于天然次生阔叶混交林土壤,而初级硝化速率显著高于天然次生阔叶混交林土壤,2个林型土壤的氮初级转化速率都随着土壤深度的增加显著降低。土壤氮初级矿化速率和固定速率与土壤pH、有机碳、水溶性有机碳与水溶性有机氮含量呈显著正相关,土壤初级硝化速率与土壤pH呈显著负相关。人工红松针叶林土壤初级硝化速率与铵态氮固定速率比值显著高于天然次生阔叶混交林土壤,而对硝态氮的固定速率显著低于天然次生阔叶混交林土壤。[结论]2种林型土壤氮素转化特征差异明显,人工红松针叶林土壤的硝态氮产生能力较强而无机氮固持能力较弱,容易发生硝态氮的淋溶风险,天然次生阔叶混交林土壤氮矿化-固定过程耦合较好且硝化作...  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨大兴安岭地区主要树种(樟子松、兴安落叶松、白桦和山杨)根际土壤氮素的富集程度和差异性,选用抖落法采集根际和非根际土壤样品,对其全氮、铵态氮与硝态氮含量特征进行研究。结果表明:1)4个树种根际土壤全氮含量5—10月波动在1.22~5.43 g·kg-1之间,最大值均在5月;根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮分别波动在22.41~53.75 mg·kg-1和0.79~2.06 mg·kg-1之间,含量均在7、8月较低,且兴安落叶松根际土壤月平均铵态氮和硝态氮含量均为最高。2)研究区无机氮素以铵态氮为主,占95%以上;根际土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量均显著(P 0.05)高于非根际土壤,分别高出101.77%、29.26%和9.07%;兴安落叶松根际土壤全氮富集率达101.25%,铵态氮、硝态氮富集率均最高为39.37%和15.34%;樟子松根际土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮富集率分别为95.98%、34.86%和7.84%;白桦全氮的富集率最高为125.73%,铵态氮、硝态氮富集率为30.30%和7.31%;山杨根际土壤氮素富集率最小。3)根际土壤铵态氮与全氮、硝态氮均呈极显著正相关,而全氮与硝态氮之间相关性不显著。4)4个树种根际土壤对氮素养分含量均具有明显的正根际效应,其中针叶树种对无机氮素的富集能力强于阔叶树种,且兴安落叶松对氮素的富集能力最强。因此,在森林经营和调整林分结构时可适当调整兴安落叶松树种比例,以提高森林生产力。  相似文献   

3.
在工业发达、农业集约化程度较高的区域氮沉降增高仍然很突出。为明晰氮沉降类型及其强度对土壤碳氮的影响,研究了多形态、多水平氮添加下落叶松人工林的土壤碳排放及土壤碳氮的变化。结果表明,NH_4~+-N添加低、中、高3种水平每年土壤碳排放量分别比对照增加了253.81、17.15和5.69 g C·m~(-2); NO_3~--N添加低、中氮两种水平分别比对照增加了203.37和111.06 g C·m~(-2),而高氮水平减少了47.14 g C·m~(-2)。两种形态氮素添加下土壤铵态氮含量变化微小,而硝态氮含量则在逐年升高,土壤微生物生物量碳呈现出降低的趋势,而土壤微生物生物量氮表现出升高的规律。双因素方差分析显示氮素形态对土壤铵态氮及微生物量碳、氮含量均有显著的影响,而氮添加水平仅对土壤硝态氮含量有显著的影响。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]探究陕北黄土丘陵区退耕还林后不同林龄中国沙棘林可溶性氮组分累积的季节变化和垂直分布规律,为深入研究该区域不同恢复年限中国沙棘林的退耕效果评价和土壤氮库管理提供理论依据。[方法]以志丹县金丁镇不同恢复年限(5、15、20 a)中国沙棘人工林为研究对象,以荒草地为对照,采集0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土壤样品,分析土壤可溶性氮组分含量和比例的季节动态变化及土壤垂直分布的动态变化。[结果]随着恢复年限的延长,中国沙棘人工林均增加了土壤可溶性氮组分含量,对于土壤硝态氮和可溶性有机氮(SON)而言,20 a与5 a中国沙棘人工林间差异显著,荒草地与5 a中国沙棘林间无显著差异;土壤铵态氮在不同恢复年限间差异不显著。不同恢复年限中国沙棘林土壤硝态氮和SON变化趋势一致,均为20a中国沙棘林>15 a中国沙棘林>荒草地>5 a中国沙棘林,且均呈表聚现象。土壤铵态氮含量大小关系为15a中国沙棘林>20 a中国沙棘林>5 a中国沙棘林>荒草地,表层的铵态氮平均含量最低。土壤可溶性氮组分在不同土层间均差异不显著。土壤硝态氮表现为夏季最高,冬季或秋季最低...  相似文献   

5.
[目的 ]为探明不同采伐方式下森林土壤氮素的释放和保存能力,揭示采伐对森林土壤氮素循环的影响。[方法 ]本研究通过室内培养试验,采用15N同位素成对标记技术和FLUAZ数值优化模型研究了择伐和皆伐方式下寒温带阔叶混交林土壤氮初级转化速率和净氮转化速率特征。[结果 ]保留带处理土壤氮初级矿化速率、净氮矿化速率、氮初级固定速率、初级硝化速率和净硝化速率分别为4.16、1.86、2.32、0.368和0.343mg·kg-1·d-1。与保留带处理相比,择伐和皆伐处理土壤氮初级矿化速率分别显著降低了32.2%和61.8%,净氮矿化速率分别显著降低了43.1%和61.5%,氮初级固定速率分别显著降低了23.3%和63.4%。择伐对土壤初级硝化速率和净硝化速率没有显著影响,但皆伐处理土壤初级硝化速率和净硝化速率分别显著降低了23.6%和33.3%。相关分析结果表明,土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量的变化是影响氮初级矿化速率和初级固定速率的主要因素,p H是影响硝化速率的主要因素。[结论 ]皆伐后土壤铵态氮固定速率的下降程度大于初级硝化速率,导致gn/ia和N...  相似文献   

6.
[目的]研究增温和氮沉降对中亚热带森林土壤氮矿化和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放的影响,以期深入认识全球变化背景下中亚热带森林土壤氮循环过程。[方法]选取经过野外增温和氮添加处理的中亚热带杉木人工林土壤,将野外非增温处理和增温处理的土壤置于不同温度(20、25℃)培养箱中,同时对野外氮添加处理的土壤继续添加不同梯度的氮素(0.1、0.2 g·kg-1,以干土计),进行为期28 d的室内培养,研究增温和氮添加对土壤氮矿化和N2O排放的影响。[结果]与对照相比,增温和氮添加及二者交互处理增加了土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和矿质氮含量,且氮添加水平越高增加越明显,增温处理增加不显著。与对照相比,培养28 d后增温处理的土壤净铵化速率、净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率变化不显著,低氮、增温+低氮显著增加土壤净硝化速率,而高氮、增温+高氮显著降低土壤净氮矿化速率。与对照相比,增温和氮添加及二者交互处理总体降低土壤N2O排放速率,土壤N2O累积排放量也显著降低(P<0.05),其中,单独增温、低氮、高氮、增温...  相似文献   

7.
城乡梯度森林土壤原易位N矿化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
以位于南昌市城乡生态界面的湿地松(Pinus elliottii)人工林为研究对象,开展城区、郊区、乡村3个不同梯度土壤N原位、易位培养试验.结果表明:培养土壤来源对土壤的氨化、硝化速率影响差异极显著(P<0.001),对净矿化速率影响差异显著(P<0.05);氨化速率表现为乡村土壤来源(0.11 mg·kg-1·30 d-1)>郊区土壤来源(-0.92mg·kg-1·30d-1)>城区土壤来源(-2.02 mg·kg-1·30 d-1);硝化速率表现为乡村土壤来源(0.44 mg·kg-1·30 d-1)较低,城区(3.18 mg·kg-1·30 d-1)和郊区土壤来源(3.35 mg·kg-1·30 d-1)较高;净矿化速率表现为乡村土壤来源(0.54 mg·kg-1·30 d-1)<城区土壤来源(1.16 mg·kg-1·30 d-1)<郊区土壤来源(2.43 mg·kg-1·30 d-1).培养位置对氨化速率影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对硝化速率、净矿化速率影响差异极显著(P<0.001);硝化速率和净矿化速率均表现为乡村(0.68 mg·kg-1·30 d-1和-0.29 kg·kg-1·30 d-1)和郊区(1.78 mg·kg-1·30 d-1和1.06 mg·kg-1-30 d-1)较低,城区(4.51 mg·kg-1·30 d-1和3.36mg·kg-1·30 d-1)较高.总体来看,土壤N的矿化过程既与土壤理化特性有关,又明显受到城市化的影响.  相似文献   

8.
为探讨长期氮沉降增加对温带森林的影响,以辽东山区长白落叶松人工林为研究对象,设置7个氮添加水平,进行为期5年的人工模拟氮沉降试验。结果表明:与对照相比,氮添加抑制了长白落叶松人工林的胸径生长,添加铵态氮肥和添加硝态氮肥对落叶松生长的影响并不相同,添加铵态氮肥加剧落叶松人工林胸径年生长速率的降低,添加硝态氮肥对年生长速率有一定促进作用。高铵态氮肥和高硝态氮肥均能够提高土壤表层和落叶松针叶中的全氮和有机碳含量。研究结果为揭示气候变化条件下的温带森林生长和碳氮循环建模提供基础数据和科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
本研究以阴山山地华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,分析氮添加与凋落物管理对表层土壤化学性质的影响,以期为加速凋落物分解和地力维持提供科学依据。采用两因素随机区组试验,氮添加水平为不施氮[0 kg/(hm~2·a)]、低氮[50 kg/(hm~2·a)]和高氮[100 kg/(hm~2·a)],凋落物管理方式为保持原状、堆积和搅拌。结果显示:(1)单独氮添加,随着添加量的增加,土壤pH显著下降,硝态氮含量显著升高;氮添加显著降低土壤有机质含量,低氮处理显著提高速效钾含量,高氮处理显著提高有效磷含量。(2)单独凋落物管理,堆积和搅拌可显著降低土壤pH,提高土壤硝态氮、有效磷含量;凋落物堆积处理显著降低表层土壤速效钾含量,凋落物搅拌处理显著提高表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾含量。(3)交互作用对表层土壤pH和有机质、全氮、硝态氮、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量的影响显著。上述研究结果表明,氮添加可促进表层土壤中有机物的矿化,提高硝态氮、铵态氮和有效磷含量,搅拌处理可加速凋落物分解,提高土壤有机质、全氮和速效养分含量。因此,高氮+搅拌处理土壤全钾、有效磷、速效钾、硝态氮含量最高,对促进养分循环和维持地力平衡具有重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
冻融作用对含有黑炭土壤中硝态氮淋失的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在对比分析添加和未添加黑炭以及冻融和未冻融处理土柱淋出液中硝态氮浓度差异基础上,考察研究了不同冻融条件(冻结温度、冻结时间和融化时间)和氮素形态与含有黑炭土壤中硝态氮淋出效果之间的关系。结果表明,黑炭提高了土壤固持硝态氮的能力,冻融降低土壤固持硝态氮的能力,促进了土柱中硝态氮的淋失。在添加KNO_3的土柱淋出液中硝态氮浓度最高,最大值达到96.80mg/L;而添加NH_4Cl的土柱淋出液中硝态氮浓度为最低。冻结温度为-5℃和-25℃处理土柱淋出液中硝态氮的浓度相近,而且均高于冻结温度为-15℃的硝态氮浓度。延长冻结时间和融化时间均会使淋出液中硝态氮的浓度增高。  相似文献   

11.
Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites of plants that significantly affect nutrient cycling processes.To investigate such effects,the soil available nitrogen(N)content,phenolic acid content,and net N mineralization rate in three successive rotations of Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China were investigated.Net N mineralization and nitrification rates in soils treated with phenolic acids were measured in an ex situ experiment.Compared with first-rotation plantations(FCP),the contents of total soil nitrogen and nitrate in second(SCP)-and third-rotation plantations(TCP)decreased,and that of soil ammonium increased.Soil net N mineralization rates in the second-and third-rotation plantations also increased by 17.8%and 39.9%,respectively.In contrast,soil net nitrification rates decreased by 18.0%and 25.0%,respectively.The concentrations of total phenolic acids in the FCP soils(123.22±6.02 nmol g^-1)were 3.0%and 17.9%higher than in the SCP(119.68±11.69 nmol g^-1)and TCP(104.51±8.57 nmol g^-1,respectively).The total content of phenolic acids was significantly correlated with the rates of net soil N mineralization and net nitrification.The ex situ experiment showed that the net N mineralization rates in soils treated with high(HCPA,0.07 mg N kg^-1 day^-1)and low(LCPA,0.18 mg N kg^-1 day^-1)concentrations of phenolic acids significantly decreased by 78.6%and 42.6%,respectively,comparing with that in control(0.32 mg N kg^-1 day^-1).Soil net nitrification rates under HCPA and LCPA were significantly higher than that of the control.The results suggested that low contents of phenolic acids in soil over successive rotations increased soil net N mineralization rates and decreased net nitrification rates,leading to consequent reductions in the nitrate content and enhancement of the ammonium content,then resulting in enhancing the conservation of soil N of successive rotations in Chinese fir plantation.  相似文献   

12.
Plantation forests play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, but enhanced nitrogen(N) deposition in these forests may affect plantation productivity by altering soil N cycling. Hence,understanding how simulated N deposition affects the rate and direction of soil N transformation is critically important in predicting responses of plantation productivity in the context of N loading. This study reports the effects of N addition rate(0, 40, and 120 kg N ha~(-1) a~(-1)) and form(NH_4Cl vs. NaNO_3) on net N mineralization and nitrification estimated by in situ soil core incubation and on-soil microbial biomass determined by the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) method in a subtropical pine plantation. N additions had no influences on net N mineralization throughout the year. Net nitrification rate was significantly reduced by additions of both NH_4Cl(71.5) and NaNO_3(47.1%) during the active growing season, with the stronger inhibitory effect at high N rates. Soil pH was markedly decreased by 0.16 units by NH_4Cl additions. N inputs significantly decreased the ratio of fungal-to-bacterial PLFAs on average by 0.28(49.1%) in November. Under NH_4Cl additions, nitrification was positively related with fungal biomass and soil pH. Under NaNO_3 additions,nitrification was positively related with all microbial groups except for bacterial biomass. We conclude that simulated N deposition inhibited net nitrification in the acidic soils of a subtropical plantation forest in China,primarily due to accelerated soil acidification and compositional shifts in microbial functional groups. These findings may facilitate a better mechanistic understanding of soil N cycling in the context of N loading.  相似文献   

13.
Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), a type of subtropical fast-growing conifer tree, is widely distributed in South China. Its plantation area covers more than 7 × 106 hm2, accounting for 24% of the total area of plantation forests in the country. In recent decades, the system of successive plantation of Chinese fir has been widely used in southern China due to anticipated high economic return. However, recent studies have documented that the practice of this system has led to dramatic decreases in soil fertility and forest environment as well as in productivity. Some forest ecologists and managers recognize the ecological role performed by broadleaf trees growing in mixtures with conifers, and a great deal of studies on mixture effects have been conducted, particularly on mixture species of temperate and boreal forests, but these research results were not completely consistent. Possibilities include dependence of the mixture effects in large part to specific site conditions, the interactions among species in mixtures and biological characteristics of species. Although some researchers also studied the effects of mixtures of Chinese fir and broadleaf tree species on soil fertility, forest environment and tree growth status, little information is available about the effects of Chinese fir and its mixtures with broadleaves on carbon and nitrogen stocks. The experimental site is situated at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Province (26°40′–27°09′ N, 109°26′–110°08′ E). It is located at the transition zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the low mountains and hills of the southern bank of the Yangtze River at an altitude of 300–1,100 m above mean sea level. At the same time, the site is also a member of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). This region has a humid mid-subtropical monsoon climate with a mean annual precipitation of 1,200–1,400 mm, most of the rain falling between April and August, and a mean temperature of 16.5°C with a mean minimum of 4.9°C in January and a mean maximum of 26.6°C in July. The experimental field has red-yellow soil. After a clear-cutting of the first generation Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation forest in 1982, three different plantation forest ecosystems, viz. mixture of Michelia macclurei and Chinese fir (MCM), pure Michelia macclurei stand (PMS) and pure Chinese fir stand (PCS), were established in the spring of 1983. A comparative study on C and N stocks under these three plantation forest ecosystems was conducted in 2004. Results showed that carbon stocks were greater under the mixtures than under the pure Chinese fir forest and the pure broad-leaved forest, and the broadleaves and the mixtures showed higher values in nitrogen stocks compared with the pure Chinese fir forest. The spatial distribution of carbon and nitrogen stocks was basically consistent, the value being greater in soil layer, followed by tree layer, roots, understory and litter layer. The carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil layer were both highly correlated with the biomass in understory and litter layer, indicating that understory and forest litterfall exerted a profound effect on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks under plantation ecosystems. However, correlations among soil carbon, nitrogen stocks and below ground biomass of stand have not been observed in this study. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(12): 3,146–3,154 [译自: 生态学报]  相似文献   

14.
Monitoring of soil nitrogen (N) cycling is useful to assess soil quality and to gauge the sustainability of management practices. We studied net N mineralization, nitrification, and soil N availability in the 0 10 cm and 11 30 cm soil horizons in east China during 2006 2007 using an in situ incubation method in four subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest stands aged 18-, 36-, 48-, and 65-years. The proper- ties of surface soil and forest floor varied between stand age classes. C:N ratios of surface soil and forest floor decreased, whereas soil total N and total organic C, available P, and soil microbial biomass N increased with stand age. The mineral N pool was small for the young stand and large for the older stands. NO 3 - -N was less than 30% in all stands. Net rates of N mineralization and nitrification were higher in old stands than in younger stands, and higher in the 0 10 cm than in the 11 30 cm horizon. The differences were significant between old and young stands (p < 0.031) and between soil horizons (p < 0.005). Relative nitrification was somewhat low in all forest stands and declined with stand age. N trans- formation seemed to be controlled by soil moisture, soil microbial bio- mass N, and forest floor C:N ratio. Our results demonstrate that analyses of N cycling can provide insight into the effects of management distur- bances on forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

15.
土壤活性有机质对土壤养分如氮、磷、硫的生物化学循环具有作用,其含量和质量影响土壤的初级生产力。本试验在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站通过对第一代、第二代杉木纯林和地带性阔叶林土壤活性有机质组分的对比研究,发现杉木纯林土壤活性有机质的含量低于地带性阔叶林。第一代杉木纯林易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和水溶性碳水化合物的含量分别比第二代杉木纯林高35.9%、13.7%、87.8%和50.9%,比地带性阔叶林的低15.8%、47.3%、38.1%和30.2%。在调查的三种林地内,土壤微生物生物量碳和水溶性有机碳含量下降幅度较大,其次为水溶性碳水化合物,而易氧化有机碳的变化最小。同时,杉木纯林土壤养分等理化性质也比地带性阔叶林低。这表明在杉木纯林取代地带性阔叶林以及杉木纯林连栽后林地的土壤肥力降低。图3 表2参26。  相似文献   

16.
Soil inorganic N is one of the most important soil quality indexes, which may be influenced by land-use change. The historical conversion of land-use from native vegetation to agriculture resulted in sharp declines in soil N dynamics. This study was conducted to determine the soil inorganic N concentrations and net N mineralization rate in four common types of land-uses in the mountain forest area in the north of Iran, namely arable land, pine plantation, ash plantation, and beech stand. The soil samples were taken from top mineral soil layer (5cm) in each site randomly (n=6) during August- September 2010. Beech stand and ash plantation showed significantly higher total nitrogen compared with arable land and pine plantation, while extractable NH 4 + -N concentration was significantly greater in Beech stand compare to arable soils (p<0.05). No significantly difference was found in Net N mineralization, net nitrification and net ammonification rates among different land-uses. Results showed that net N mineralization and ammonification were occurred just in the soil of Ash plantation during the incubation time. Our findings suggested that conversion of Hyrcanian forests areas to pine plantation and agricultural land can disrupt soil natural activities and affect extremely soil quality.  相似文献   

17.
Karki  Himani  Bargali  Kiran  Bargali  S. S. 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(8):1603-1617

To access the process of nitrogen mineralization in soil, the buried-bag technique was used among traditional agroforestry systems in the Bhabhar belt of Kumaun Himalaya. The present study, determined the relationship between various parameters of N-mineralization with agroforestry systems, seasons and soil depths. Season and soil depth have significantly (p?<?0.001) affected the process of ammonification, nitrification and net N-mineralization. The soil ammonium-N pool was comparatively higher than the nitrate-N pool. Highest amount of ammonium and nitrate-N were recorded in the agri-horticulture (AH) system, and lowest in the agri-horti-silviculture (AHS) system. Among the systems, highest amount of inorganic-N (ammonium?+?nitrate) was recorded during rainy season while, lowest during winter season. The highest ammonification rate (6.47?±?1.47 mg kg?1 month?1) was observed in agri-silviculture system and lowest (5.67?±?1.68 mg kg?1 month?1) in AHS system, while nitrification value was maximum (2.53?±?0.40 mg kg?1 month?1) in AH system and minimum (2.23?±?0.37 mg kg?1 month?1) in AHS system. The values of net N-mineralization were ranged from 4.03?±?0.53 to 13.29?±?0.44 mg kg?1 month?1. The values of inorganic-N and net N-mineralization were significantly more (P?<?0.01) in the surface soil layer (0–20 cm) than the subsurface layers (20–40 cm and 40–60 cm). Nitrogen mineralization was negatively correlated with the soil pH and positively correlated with soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen. Higher rate of N-mineralization in AHS system indicated rapid turnover of nitrogen due to soil management practices and suggested that the changes in agroforestry based land-use systems alter the process of net N-mineralization, nitrification and ammonification.

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18.
IntroductionSoildegradationofsouthernChinesefir(CunnhaamialanceolaIe)pIantationshavebeenCon-tinuaIlyreiorted(ShenWeitongl992;Che11BingI1aol992;FangQil992).lnthenortI1eastforestregionsofChina,larch(LarirohensisandLa)`ixgInelinii)planta-tionsmade7opercentoftheman-madeforests,andthechangesinsoilpropertiesundertI1econiferouspIanta-tionshavealsodrawnmuchattentionofmanyforesters.OurobjectivewastoexaminethedifferenceinsoilnitrogenstatusbetweenLarchp1antatiol1sandsecon-darybroad-Ieavedforests(…  相似文献   

19.
In the southern region of Bahia, a large portion of the Atlantic Forest was occupied by the cacao–cabruca system, which is implemented after the complete removal of the understory vegetation without altering the canopy. The objective of this study was to determine the nitrogen concentration in the soil solution in two micro-basins; one with the cacao–cabruca system and one in the Atlantic forest in the southern region of the state of Bahia. Samples were collected weekly during two periods, from September to December 2012 and from April to June 2013, using sample extractors installed in the micro-basins at 15, 45 and 90 cm. The inorganic forms in the soil solutions were analyzed through ion chromatography, total nitrogen was analyzed using spectrophotometry and mineralization and nitrification rates were analyzed using the laboratory incubation method. Among the nitrogen forms analyzed in the cacao–cabruca soil solution, the dissolved organic nitrogen prevailed among the rain classes in the three depths. In the forest, nitrate predominated at 15 cm, while the organic nitrogen prevailed in the other depths. The highest mineralization and nitrification rates were recorded in the forest. Of the inorganic nitrogen forms analyzed in the soil, ammonium concentrations showed higher rates than nitrate in both areas. Low inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the cabruca soil solution are associated with low mineralization and nitrification rates. Thus we can conclude that even if some studies point towards the environmental efficiency of this system, there are differences in the N forms in the forest and cacao–cabruca areas.  相似文献   

20.
We examined soil N dynamics, including inorganic N concentration, net N transformation rates, and estimated plant N uptake (EPNU) from soil N budgets, and litterfall inputs, in five Japanese cedar plantation stands of different ages (5, 16, 31, 42, and 89 years) in the Mt Gomadan Experimental Forest (GEF). Net soil N mineralization and nitrification rates did not differ significantly between the youngest and oldest stands; soil moisture and inorganic N concentration were higher in the youngest stand. The EPNU was highest in the 16-year-old stand and lowest in the 31-year-old stand, and had a significant negative correlation with litter C:N ratio. The oldest (89-year-old) stand had a higher soil C:N ratio, lower proportion of nitrification rate to mineralization rate (%NIT), and higher estimated plant NH4 + uptake than did the other stands, indicating that changes of soil organic matter quality can alter soil N dynamics. These results suggest that as a Japanese cedar plantation develops, soil N dynamics can be altered by the quantity and quality of input litter and soil organic matter, and can generate the imbalance between N supply from soil and N demand by plant.  相似文献   

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