地带性木本植物群落功能型的水热分布格局

植物功能型是对环境条件做出相似的反应和对关键生态学过程具有相似影响的植物组合.不同功能型植物对生态系统过程的作用不同,通过植物功能型的分析对揭示生态系统功能至关重要.甘肃省境内5种地带性木本植物群落(亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林、暖温带落叶阔叶林、温带针阔混交林、寒温性针叶林和荒漠旱生灌木群落)依据植物体的高度、叶片的生长对策及果实类型可划分出23种功能型.其分布格局与水热因子的相关分析表明:1)湿热的生境利于乔木、大灌木、藤木、寄生植物和常绿植物及翅果、坚果、核果、NFDA5NFDA6果、颖果类植物的发育,干冷生境利于灌木、小灌木和落叶植物以及蒴果类植物的发育.2)干果类和肉果类的成因可能与植物生长环境中水分供应状况密切相关,即潮湿的生境利于肉果类植物的发育,干旱的生境有利于干果类(如胞果)的发育.3)研究区域地带性木本植物群落物种丰富度和功能型的丰富度格局主要受制于水分梯度影响,而良好的水热组合可孕育木本植物群落最丰富的果实类型.     

开化县森林植被演替特征与景观优化改造分析

对开化县常绿阔叶林、针叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林3种不同自然森林植被类型进行演替过程分析研究。结果表明,常绿阔叶林是该地森林植被自然演替的主要发展方向;常绿阔叶林、针叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林分别代表了森林植被不同演替类型与动态。结合森林群落类型和生境的异质性、群落树种组成与结构、演替阶段和演替趋势,根据森林植被景观的优美性、多样性等需求,对开化县主要通道两侧的森林植被确定了7类15种目标的森林植被景观改造方案,提出了森林景观优化"主景树种+地带性树种+伴生景观树种"的树种选择模式与营建技术。     

福建光泽江南油杉群落结构与植物多样性

通过对福建光泽江南油杉群落结构与植物多样性进行调查与分析,结果表明:江南油杉群落(2 000m2)有维管束植物48科72属92种;江南油杉群落以高位芽植物占据优势(80.44%),生活型谱具有典型的中亚热带气候特点;群落径阶和树高结构复杂,物种多样性丰富,不同层次物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均为灌木层乔木层藤本层草本层,体现了的亚热带常绿阔叶林的典型特征;群落中江南油杉在乔木层占绝对优势,但幼苗幼树数量较少,在灌木层受到其他植物(主要是木本植物)的强烈竞争,种群有衰退的趋势。     

长三角城市乡土树种的天然林木群落分析与应用

长三角城市群园林绿化程度很高,但一些城市仍缺少乡土树种特色,危及生态系统稳定。长三角地跨北、中两个亚热带,有三类林木群落组成,即含有常绿阔叶树种的落叶阔叶林、落叶常绿阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林。长三角范围乡土树种丰富,城市绿化以乡土树种为主,应大力推广应用。     

云南小黑山自然保护区中山湿性常绿阔叶林主要植物群落调查

小黑山省级自然保护区中山湿性常绿阔叶林是云南省西南的地带性森林.在对其主要植物群落(群系)进行典型选样调查的基础上,论述了森林的生境、乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物,并对它们的共性和特殊性、垂直分布、生物多样性进行了评价.     

苏州穹窿山森林植被调查与群落演替

对苏州穹窿山植物群落进行了调查和分析。穹窿山植被包含紫楠林、栎类林、湿地松林、毛竹林以及短柄袍灌丛等典型群落。森林群落垂直结构较为复杂,在未来的演替中,最终会演替为稳定的地带性植被常绿落叶阔叶混交林,对穹窿山植被管理提出了建议。     

鄂西秃杉群落特点的研究

本文用代表样地法对鄂西利川毛坝残存的珍稀孑遗植物-秃杉群落的分布及生境条件、区系组成、区系地理成分、外貌和结构等方面进行了系统详细的研究。结果表明:该地区之秃杉是一种类丰富、古老成分较多,并以秃杉为优势的具有残遗性质的混交林;群落具有以小叶常绿高位芽植物为主的特点,是镶嵌分布在地带性植被常绿阔叶林中的中亚热带常绿针叶和针阔叶昆交林,是次生的和不稳定的中间过渡类型。     

长白山区野生刺五加种群结构与数量特征分析

采用样地调查法,对长白山区野生刺五加种群资源现状、群落特征及种群数量进行研究,分析群落物种丰富度、多样性指数、主要灌木物种的重要值及种群个体数量估算,结果表明:野生刺五加种群主要分布在阔叶红松林、蒙古栎林、杂木林和云冷杉林群落内,阔叶红松林内种群区域分布频度最大,部分区域已形成优势群落。云冷杉林内乔、灌木层Pielou均匀度指数(R)均为最高,灌木层生态优势度指数(SN)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(SW)最高,而丰富度指数D2和Hurlbert种间机遇指数(H)最低。杂木林内丰富度指数(D1、D2)最高,蒙古栎林内Hurlbert种间机遇指数(H)最高,说明云冷杉林内刺五加群落相对较为稳定,而其他林内由于人为采挖严重,群落相对不稳定。刺五加在阔叶红松林的灌木层占有较高重要性,重要值最大,其大小依次为阔叶红松林杂木林云冷杉林蒙古栎林。     

民勤荒漠白刺群落的分布与结构特征研究

对民勤荒漠白刺群落进行野外调查,对其群落的分布、外貌、结构特征及其物种多样性、分布格局、优势种群动态进行了分析研究。结果表明:1)白刺群落是民勤荒漠分布最广的一种植物群落类型,具有地带性分布特征,主要有唐古特白刺和球果白刺;2种群落类型,面积为310 290.20 hm2,占民勤荒漠草地总面积(934 639.80 hm2)的33.20%;2)民勤荒漠白刺灌丛的形态、外貌特征差异较大,不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆空间分布格局差异较大;3)民勤荒漠白刺群落的层片结构简单,由灌木层和草本层组成,植物个体矮、冠幅小、生物量低、几乎都是灌木或者半灌木;群落多样性比较差、物种丰富度低、均匀性也差;群落优势种呈集群分布格局,整体上表现为稳定型种群;这种分布格局与种群的繁殖策略、生物学特性及恶劣的生境条件有关。     

福建万木林省级自然保护区苦槠群落特征研究

对福建万木林省级自然保护区苦槠天然林的群落结构、物种组成、多样性及演替趋势等进行调查分析,结果表明:该群落的物种多样性较丰富,共有维管束植物36科58属79种,群落中木本植物占绝对优势;群落层次分明,有乔木、灌木和草本3个层次;乔木层中苦槠的重要值最大,但在灌木层中未见苦槠分布,表明苦槠林正处于缓慢演替之中。     

Elevation patterns of woody taxa richness in the evergreen Afromontane vegetation of Ethiopia

Plant species distributions show patterns along elevation gradients. Regardless of the diverse Afromontane vegetation in Ethiopia(AFE), studies of elevation patterns of woody plants are limited and they are restricted to small areas or single/few Mountains. Moreover, there is no general consensus on the patterns of woody taxa distribution by elevation. The objectives of this study were to examine the elevation patterns of woody taxa richness and their relationship with elevation in the AFE. Data were collected and compiled from the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea(Vols. 1–7). About 5918 plant species of 243 families were examined and their elevational distributions were recorded. The distributional ranges of woody taxa were aggregated at 19 points(sites) at 100 m intervals starting from 1500 to 3400 m a.s.l. Single-factor analysis of variance(one-way ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis that mean species richness of woody taxa decreases from the lower to the upper limit of AFE. Simple linear correlation and regression were used to show the relationships of woody taxa richness with elevation. We documented the presence of 505 woody taxa(441 species,31 subspecies and 33 varieties) representing 267 genera and 90 families in the AFE. In terms of habit, 279 taxa are shrubs, 178 are trees and 48 are lianas. The distribution of woody taxa(trees, shrubs and lianas) showed a slight increase at the lower portion and a monotonic decline with increasing elevation. Species richness of trees, shrubs and lianas was negatively and significantly correlated with elevation(r =-0.985,-0.984,-0.981, respectively; all p 0.001). Our hypothesis was accepted because mean richness significantly decreased from the lower to the upper limit of AFE(p 0.001). Generally, monotonic patterns of decline in richness were observed for trees, shrubs and lianas. The contribution of shrubs to total richness increased with increasing elevation whereas that of trees and lianas decreased.     

埃塞俄比亚东南部Dello Menna森林植被的植物区系和结构分析(英文)

描述了埃塞俄比亚东南部Dello Menna森林植被的植物区系组成和植被结构。鉴定和描述了50个20m×20m的样方的植物群落类型、物种多样性、丰富度和均匀性,分析了已鉴定植物群落类型与环境因子的相关性,还描述了木本植物种群结构。每个样方内,均记录木本植物的物种、丰富度、高度和胸径以及海拔、坡度。利用PC-ORD软件对植被进行分类。用Sorensen相似性系数探测群落之间的差异性。计算Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、物种丰富度、Shannon均匀性来描述各种植物群落的物种多样性。共记录了53个科的171个维管植物种。豆科植物是主要的优势植物科系,包括13个属26种(1 5%),其次依次是菊科、唇形科和槭树科,各包括8个物种(4.6%)。根据植物分类结果,识别并描述了3个植物群落(Dalbergia microphylla群落、Grewia bicolar-Acaciabrevispica群落、Combretum molle-Combretum collinum群落)。植物区系之间的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀性存在差异。物种丰富度和多样性随海拔变化呈现出贝尔型分布。群落间植物随海拔梯度有一定的变化,表明海拔是决定植物群落分布的重要因素之一。Dalbergia microphylla群落物种丰富度和多样性均最高。优势种群落结构呈现出各种模型。植被可持续利用是今后的研究方向。     

Plant-soil biodiversity relationships and nutrient retention in agricultural riparian zones of the Sacramento Valley,California

Forested riparian buffers in California historically supported high levels of biodiversity, but human activities have degraded these ecosystems over much of their former range. This study examined plant communities, belowground biodiversity and indicators of multiple ecosystem functions of riparian areas across an agricultural landscape in the Sacramento Valley of California, USA. Plant, nematode and soil microbial communities and soil physical and chemical properties were studied along 50-m transects at 20 sites that represented the different land use, soil and vegetation types in the landscape. Riparian zones supported greater plant diversity and nearly twice as much total carbon (C) per hectare compared to adjacent land managed for agricultural uses, but had generally lower soil microbial and nematode diversity and abundance. When woody plant communities were present in the riparian zone, plant diversity and species richness were higher, and soil nitrate and plant-available phosphorus levels were lower. Belowground diversity and community structure, however, appeared to depend more on plant productivity (as inferred by vegetation cover) than plant diversity or species richness. Greater plant species richness, nematode food web structure, total microbial biomass, woody C storage and lower soil nitrate and phosphorus loading were correlated with higher visual riparian health assessment scores, offering the possibility of managing these riparian habitats to provide multiple ecosystem functions.     

广东清远石灰岩3个植物群落菌根及土壤AMF孢子多样性

以广东省清远市清新县石灰岩山区风水林、次生草坡和旱作耕地的退化植被群落为主要研究对象,比较研究了3个植物群落常见植物的菌根感染率和根际土丛枝型菌根真菌(AMF)孢子的密度和丰富度。结果如下:在所检测的29种常见植物中,除凹头苋(Amaranthus blitum)外,其余植物均具有典型的丛枝型菌根结构;次生草坡植物的菌根感染强度和频度均较高,风水林次之,旱作耕地杂草的菌根感染强度和频度相对较低;在3个植物群落土样中共分离出70种AMF孢子,以球囊霉属(Glomus)最为丰富,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)次之;林相保护较完整、植物较丰富的风水林拥有最丰富的AMF孢子类型和最高的密度,而结构退化、物种贫乏的次生草坡和旱作耕地中的AMF孢子类型少,密度也明显降低。研究表明植物群落的物种多样性与其根际土AMF孢子丰富度和多样性具有密切的联系。     

渭南市园林植物资源初步调查与分析

本文对渭南市主城区园林植物进行了实地调查,分析了渭南园林植物类型与数量、科的分布型、园林观赏特性及用途、果树类型等。结果表明,渭南市园林植物共有76科156属204种。被子植物在数量上占主导地位,裸子植物和蕨类植物有较大发展空间;乔木、灌木、草本类型最多,水体类植物近几年发展较快;果树在园林植物中的应用存在种类多、数量少,无法突出渭南特色等问题。因此,渭南市应增加特色园林植物和景观类型。     

福州沙滩公园植物群落与绿量相关性分析

通过样方调查将福州沙滩公园木本植物群落划分为8种类型,应用生态学方法计算24个群落的特征值和群落三维绿量,通过逐步回归分析各群落特征值与群落三维绿量的关系,确定影响群落三维绿量的主要因素。结果表明,群落乔木层平均冠高、优势种平均树高、乔木层平均胸径和Shannon-Winner多样性指数是影响三维绿量的主要因子。另外,公园中的8种人工群落乔灌层结构不尽合理,层次不够明显,公园绿化的植物种类较单一,物种丰富度较低。     

云霄县木本植物资源调查与评价

通过实地调查、样地分析,对云霄县的木本植物资源开展了调查.结果表明:云霄县境内有木本植物114科378属832种,其中野生木本植物有89科260属601种,栽培的木本植物73科173属277种,优势科为蔷薇科、茜草科、豆科等26科,优势属为以悬钩子属、冬青属、榕属等41属.乔木315种、灌木364种、木质藤本128种、...     

模拟常熟地区自然群落的植物景观设计

近年来,随着乡土景观营造运动的兴起,模拟自然植物群落的植物景观设计也逐渐引起人们的重视(Clark et al.,1998;Kielbaso,2008).通过研究分析某地区自然群落的基本类型、层次结构,从而有目的借鉴该地区自然群落的景观,在提高园林植物配置的科学性及艺术性、体现当地植物景观特色等方面具有重要的意义(苏雪痕,1983).     

无人为干扰下不同生境阔叶林的群落结构特征

以江西武夷山国家级自然保护区核心区为无干扰环境,选取河岸带、内陆森林和林线3种生境阔叶林群落为研究对象。群落结构特征分析结果显示：1）不同生境类型的群落建群种不同,但群落各层主要优势种的重要值均呈差异不显著,物种组成上均以壳斗科、樟科、山茶科、山矾科、杜鹃花科、蔷薇科、冬青科等为常见,且种属数较多。2）立木总株数（乔灌木）林线群落高于其他生境群落,但不同生境类型的群落间乔木与灌木平均株数均呈差异不显著。3）群落各层物种的种数及各物种多样性指数均有河岸带＆gt;内陆森林＆gt;林线,乔木层、草本层与层间植物物种种数以及物种多样性Patrick、Gleason、Margalef和Shannon-Weiner指数,河岸带均与其他生境类型群落差异呈显著性;而灌木层物种种数及多样性Simpson和Pielou指数差异不呈显著性。4）散点图和线性回归得出林线群落活立木平均高度和平均胸径均高于其他生境类型的群落。     

Conservation of forest biodiversity and ecosystem properties in a pastoral landscape of the Ecuadorian Andes

High Andean cloud forests are home to a diversity of unique wildlife and are important providers of ecosystem services to people in the Andean regions. The extent of these cloud forests has been widely reduced through conversion to pasture for livestock, which threatens the forests’ ability to support biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. This paper explores whether impacts on woody plant biodiversity and four ecosystem properties (woody plant species richness, juvenile timber tree abundance, soil organic matter content and soil moisture) from converting forest to pasture can be mitigated if some woody forest vegetation is maintained within pastures. Woody vegetation in pastures was found to conserve those woody plant species that are more tolerant to exposure and grazing, but conservation of the high montane cloud forest community required areas of forest from which livestock were restricted. The sampled sites clustered according to woody plant species cover; these clusters represented a gradient from pasture with patches of shrubs to mature forest. Clusters differed in both woody plant species richness and number of juvenile timber trees whereas soil organic matter and soil moisture were observed to be similar among all clusters. This suggests that the different habitats may have some equivalent ecosystem properties. We conclude that the presence of woody vegetation in pastures may reduce some of the impacts of converting forest to pasture, but should not be considered a substitute for protecting large areas of forest, which are essential for maintaining woody plant species diversity in high Andean cloud forest.