不同嫁接时间对油茶闽43#优良无性系芽苗砧嫁接育苗成效的影响

在田间采用随机区组试验方法,研究嫁接时间对福建省油茶闽43#优良无性系芽苗砧嫁接育苗成效的影响。结果表明:嫁接时间是影响油茶闽43#优良无性系芽苗砧嫁接育苗成效的关键因素之一,选择最佳嫁接时间段进行油茶芽苗砧嫁接可显著提高育苗成效。     

油茶嫁接育苗方法对比试验

采用容器嫩砧嫁接、嫩砧嫁接植入容器、芽苗砧嫁接植入容器、芽苗砧嫁接植入苗床4种方法对油茶(Camellia oleifera)进行育苗试验,对其嫁接成活率、苗木保存率、苗木生长量、出圃苗量及经济效益进行对比试验评价,结果表明,容器嫩砧嫁接方法在各项测试指标上均优于其它3种育苗方法,具有成活快、单位效益高、生长快等优点,是油茶嫁接育苗的首选方法.     

板栗芽砧嫁接中的2个技术要点

选择适当的嫁接契合点和能与芽砧茎粗匹配的接穗是芽砧嫁接育苗中的2个关键技术。芽砧嫁接的最佳时机是在芽砧苗出沙至长出2片叶期间。与板栗芽砧直径最匹配的接穗直径在4~5mm之间,但直径在3.0~7.0mm范围的接穗都能与芽砧嫁接达到较高的成活率。此试验结果对提高芽砧苗木的成活率和壮苗率具有实用价值。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接技术

油茶芽苗砧嫁接即油茶胚轴嫁接。油茶芽苗砧嫁接具有繁育速度快、造林成活率高等优势。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接技术

油茶芽苗砧嫁接,是以尚未展叶的油茶芽苗作砧术进行嫁接的一项油茶无性繁殖新技术。它具有嫁接成活率高,操作方便、繁殖指数高、苗木生长好、移栽造林方便、可以实现全年室内工厂化育苗等优点。此外,像山茶、核桃、文冠果、板栗、银杏等大粒种子树种的无性繁殖,均可采用芽苗砧嫁接。     

砧木类型及菌根化对板栗嫁接苗生长及光合特性的影响

以河北省迁西县板栗品种‘燕山早丰’为试验材料,芽苗和1 a苗为砧木,进行单砧和双砧嫁接试验,研究了不同砧木类型对嫁接成活的影响、菌根化处理对不同砧木类型嫁接苗新梢生长、生物量、SPAD值及光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)1 a幼砧嫁接成活率高达91.1%,愈合快,显著优于芽砧嫁接,但双芽砧显著优于单芽砧嫁接。(2)双芽砧嫁接苗新梢生长量与SPAD值最大,生物量亦与1 a砧嫁接苗相当。(3)菌根化处理后三种砧木类型嫁接苗的形态指标均有提高。(4)不同处理净光合速率差异显著,以菌根化双芽砧嫁接苗(24.86μmol·m-2s-1)最大。(5)芽砧嫁接苗水分利用效率RWUE显著高于1 a砧嫁接苗,菌根化嫁接苗水分利用效率显著高于无菌根嫁接苗。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接与嫁接天气关系的研究

采用随机区组调查法对油茶芽苗砧嫁接与嫁接天气关系进行研究,通过对比分析,结果表明:不同的嫁接天气影响油茶芽苗砧嫁接的成活率、成苗率、苗木高度、苗木地径;油茶芽苗砧嫁接的成活率、成苗率、苗木高度、苗木地径存在差异,但差异程度不相同;成活率的差异显著,成苗率的差异明显,苗木高度的差异极显著,而苗木地径的的差异不明显.     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接与嫁接天气关系的研究

采用随机区组调查法对油茶芽苗砧嫁接与嫁接天气关系进行研究,通过对比分析,结果表明:不同的嫁接天气影响油茶芽苗砧嫁接的成活率、成苗率、苗木高度、苗木地径;油茶芽苗砧嫁接的成活率、成苗率、苗木高度、苗木地径存在差异,但差异程度不相同,成活率的差异显著,成苗率的差异明显,苗木高度的差异极显著,而苗木地径的差异不明显.     

不同处理对油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗成活率和生长量的影响

采用正交试验设计方法,对油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗的不同品种、接穗处理、嫁接天气3类因素进行试验分析。结果表明：不同品种、接穗处理、嫁接天气影响油茶芽苗砧嫁接的成活率、成苗率、苗木地径和高度;油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗的平均成活率81．1％～86．5％、平均成苗率71．2％～78．3％、平均苗木地径0．301-0．312cm、平均苗木高度8．44～13．77cm。油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗的接穗处理宜选择B2（1芽带1／2叶片）,嫁接天气以阴天（C2）为好。     

德宏州油茶芽砧嫁接技术

以尚未木质化的芽苗为砧木,半木质化的树枝为接穗,在芒市城郊的德宏州林业局中心苗圃进行油茶芽砧嫁接试验．文章重点介绍了砧木培育、接穗采集、嫁接、栽植等芽砧嫁接技术以及嫁接后的管理技术．观察结果表明,用保鲜膜包扎不伤砧木,保湿性好,嫁接口愈合快,成活率高,降低了嫁接和育苗成本．     

嫁接时间和处理方式对文冠果嵌芽接成活率的影响

为快速繁育文冠果优良品种,以1年生播种苗为砧木,采集5年生良种母株饱满芽,开展文冠果嵌芽接试验。结果表明,不同嫁接时间和处理方式对嵌芽接成活率影响显著,8月下旬在砧木背光面嫁接带木质部的饱满芽,自下而上(覆瓦状)缠膜,接后折断砧木上部枝条,嵌芽最易成活,成活率高达85%。     

杉木容器苗嫁接技术研究

以2年生杉木容器苗为砧木,采用析因试验设计,开展了杉木容器苗嫁接技术研究。结果表明：接穗高度不仅受砧木地径、嫁接方式和嫁接部位主效应的影响,其主效应之间的交互效应也达到了极显著水平。综合考虑各因素之间的互相效应,杉木容器苗嫁接的最佳方案为：地径O．8～1．2cm的砧木采用舌接,嫁接口以下保留2～3轮底盘枝的方式,1年生接穗高度为27．7cm;地径1．2-1．6cm的砧木可采用切接或舌接,嫁接口以下保留2。3轮底盘枝的方式,1年生接穗高度可达56．0cm;地径1．6cm以上的砧木采用切接,嫁接口以下保留2轮底盘枝的方式,1年生接穗高度达到92．8cm。     

降香黄檀嫁接技术研究

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is one of the two most precious tree species naturally distributed in China. The grafting techniques of D. odorifera were studied through comparing grafting methods, grafting seasons, rootstock grades as well as scion buds. The results showed that both "scarf joint grafting" and traditional cleft grafting were feasible for stem grafting. The two-bud "scarf joint grafting" got the best survival rate, while the cleft grafting was easy to operate. The best grafting seasons varied in the light of climate. In the warm southwest of Hainan island, the best grafting season was winter when the survival rate could achieve as high as 99.1%. While in Guangzhou, the best grafting season was the end of fall, and the corresponding survival rate was 94.6%. The quality of rootstock as well as scion bud affected the growth of scion bud directly. The growth of grade I buds/grade I rootstocks were 17 times that of grade III buds/grade III rootstocks. The study was beneficial for the preservation of high quality germplasm resources as well as for clone grafting of D. odorifera.     

樟树观赏新品种‘涌金’嫁接试验

采用1年生、3年生、5年生樟树小苗作砧木,‘涌金’2年生春枝、夏枝、秋枝及3年生秋枝作接穗,分别于2月、3月、4月、9月在离地5、50、100 cm处截干劈接,进行‘涌金’嫁接育苗试验.结果表明:在综合考虑嫁接成活率、生长量及景观效果等因素下,‘涌金’嫁接最为有利的模式为:3月,选用3年生或以上樟树小苗作砧木,2年生的春枝、夏枝作接穗,在离地50 cm以上部位截干劈接.     

一种嫁接扦插合一的楸树快速培育方法

为解决楸树苗木繁殖慢、嫁接周期短、常规嫁接后保存率低、培育成苗时间长、苗木商品性低等问题,以梓树硬枝作为砧木进行种间嫁接,楸树带木质部芽接后,扦插育苗。利用嫁接扦插合一的楸树快速培育方法,鲁楸1号扦插生根率与成活率比普通方法分别提高20%和40%。本实验的扦插生根率达到100%,成活率达到98%以上,大降低了生产成本,加快了育苗速度。     

红松果林嫁接试验研究初报

采用3年生红松苗和4年生樟子松容器苗做砧木,选用牡丹江东京城17年生红松人工林中生长优异的林木,在树冠上中部的侧枝采取接穗,用髓心形成层贴接法进行嫁接。试验结果表明,嫁接成活率均在70%以上,接穗当年生长量樟子松砧木高于红松砧木。     

金花茶嫁接繁殖砧木亲和力试验

针对影响金花茶嫁接愈合成活的主要因素之一——砧穗亲和力,进行了以多个油茶物种为砧木的金花茶嫁接快繁砧穗亲和力的试验研究。结果表明:参试的7种砧木均有亲和力,其中以博白大果油茶和义安油茶为砧木的亲和力为最高,其次为普通油茶;茶叶树虽然有亲和力,嫁接成活率最高可达73.3%,但其表现后期不亲和,不宜用作金花茶的砧木。     

Growth, cambial activity and phloem structure in compatible and incompatible peach/plum grafts

Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) shoots grafted onto compatible or incompatible clones of rootstocks of myrobolan plum (Prunus cerasifera L. Ehrh. cv. myrobolan) were observed in a greenhouse for 100 days after grafting. The incompatible grafts showed foliar symptoms of incompatibility and reduced shoot growth about 60 days after grafting. Light microscopic studies revealed that cambial activity stopped earlier in the rootstocks, than in the scions, of incompatible grafts. Structural modifications were also observed in the phloem of incompatible grafts. Compared with the compatible graft rootstock, the number of sieve elements differentiated from the cambial zone was reduced in the incompatible graft rootstock, whereas the production of parenchyma cells was not affected. No important ultrastructural alteration was observed in the sieve tubes of the incompatible grafts. However, osmiophilic granulations near the plasma membrane of sieve plates were observed more frequently in the rootstocks of incompatible grafts than in ungrafted myrobolan controls. It is concluded that the external symptoms of incompatibility are not related to massive structural modifications or degeneration of the conducting tissues.     

Clonal propagation of Leucaena by single bud splice grafting with a new grafting tool,and by modified veneer crown grafting

A simple tool called the graft guide, and its use with a new grafting technique called the single-bud splice (SBS) graft is described. The graft guide assures precise complementary rootstock and scion cuts, and thus ensures good cambial contact necessary for graft union formation. The use of this tool to graft small (3–15 mm) vegetative shoots of Leucaena species and hybrids is illustrated. An overall grafting success rate of 72% was achieved using this technique for several leucaenas. An additional modified veneer grafting technique for use when rootstock is larger in diameter than the scion, achieved 73% success. Graft compatibility results from 961 grafts between scions of 15 Leucaena species and three interspecific hybrids, and rootstocks of two species are presented. Of the 48 scion/rootstock combinations attempted, 43 (90%) were successful.