长江滩地杨木密度和干缩性的研究

对安庆段长江滩地I-72杨的密度和干缩性进行了研究。结果表明:I-72杨的气干密度、全干密度和基本密度分别为0.454 g/cm3、0.415 g/cm3和0.364 g/cm3;I-72杨木材密度的径向变异为自髓心向外,最初递减,然后再向外层递增;轴向变异为沿树干向上逐渐增加;I-72杨的径向、弦向和体积全干缩率分别为3.917%、8.093%和12.138%,体积干缩系数为0.169,差异干缩为2.107;I-72杨5.3 m高度处的径向、弦向和体积全干缩率测量值均大于1.3 m高度处的测量值。     

杉木人工林幼龄材与成熟材木材干缩性能指标的比较

测定了建始长岭岗林场 32年生杉木人工林的干缩性能指标 ,并分析了各指标在立地与木材径向部位上的差异 ,结果表明 :来自两样地的木材干缩性能指标均无明显差异 ;木材在径向部位上按 16年为界划分的成熟材与幼龄材相比较 ,全干状态和气干状态下的径向干缩率均具有极显著差异 (α =0 0 1) ,全干和气干体积干缩率、全干和气干差异干缩、全干弦向干缩率等指标的差异达显著水平 (α =0 0 5 ) ,气干弦向干缩率在径向部位上差异不显著。     

6个杨树无性系木材密度及干缩性能差异

以6个杨树无性系木材为研究对象,对杨树的密度及干缩性能进行了分析研究,为杨树木材的加工利用提供依据。结果表明:6个杨树无性系木材基本密度为0.33～0.43 g/cm3,气干密度为0.39～0.51 g/cm3,全干密度为0.37～0.49 g/cm3,密度在不同无性系间差异极显著。50号杨、中林46杨、南杨木材密度沿径向呈逐渐增加的变化趋势,而108杨、N179杨和桑巨杨木材密度呈现先降低后逐渐增加的趋势。杨树无性系木材气干和全干干缩差异均值分别为2.53和2.22,不同无性系间气干干缩率(径向、弦向、体积、干缩差异)和全干干缩率(径向、弦向、体积、干缩差异)差异均极显著。50号杨、N179杨和桑巨杨木材干缩差异沿髓心向外呈现先增加后减小的趋势,中林46杨呈现逐渐增加的趋势,108杨和南杨则是呈现先减小后增加的趋势。相关性分析表明:木材密度与不同状态下干缩差异呈极显著负相关;木材基本密度除与弦向和体积气干干缩率不相关,与其他干缩指标均呈极显著正相关;不同干缩指标之间呈极显著正相关。     

栽植密度对杉木木材干缩性能的影响

对两种不同栽植密度的杉木Cunninghamialanceolata木材密度和弦向、径向、体积全干干缩率进行了测定和分析．结果表明,木材密度随着栽植密度的增大而增大,且达到极显著水平;而木材弦向、径向和体积全干干缩率,则随着栽植密度的增大而减小;两种栽植密度的木材体积全干干缩率与基本密度呈负相关;木材干缩比与基本密度、栽植密度大的呈正相关,与栽植密度小的呈负相关．因此,适当增加栽植密度可以改善杉木木材的性质,但其影响规律仍需进一步研究．     

人工林I-214杨木剪切性质研究

以人工林I-214杨为材料,对不同年轮位置、不同切面的剪切强度进行了测试,并采用扫描电镜观察各种剪切断裂面.结果表明:I-214杨的剪切强度与其密度相关紧密,达到0.05水平显著;年轮位置和受剪面是影响剪切强度的主要因素;剪切强度沿着木材径向由里向外逐渐增大;弦面剪切强度大于径面和斜面剪切强度.     

柳杉木材干缩性能指标研究

本文测定了长岭岗林场不同立地条件下23a生柳杉人工林的木材干缩性能指标，进行了不同立地条件下各指标的差异性的F检验。结果表明：在不同立地条件下，柳杉全干径向干缩率和全干体积干缩率存在显著差异(0=0．05)，立地对全干弦向干缩率、差异干缩以及气干干缩指标影响不显著；土层较厚，柳杉干缩率越高，差异干缩则越低。得出了该场柳杉林分木材干缩性能指标的平均水平。     

水淹对滩地枫杨木材密度和干缩性的影响

研究结果表明，第一组木材的基本密度由树干基部向上持续稳定增长，对树高的一次回归比第二组显著；第二组木材的基本密度由树干基部向上呈波动增加；枫杨不同高度基本密度方差分析结果经F－检验，差异均显著；第二组枫杨木材的弦向干缩、径向干缩、体积干缩及差异干缩都比第一组小，在0．05水平上经T－检验差异均显著。由此可知，一定程度的淹水有利于枫杨木材尺寸的稳定。     

汽蒸处理对小径落叶松干缩性能的影响

对小径落叶松髓心至树皮各径向位置上干缩性能的变化规律,以及汽蒸处理对这一规律的影响的研究结果表明:小径落叶松弦向、径向干缩率的径向变化有其独特性,而且汽蒸处理对弦径向干缩的影响也不尽相同。处理后弦向干缩率增大,而径向干缩率减小,结果使木材的开裂势增大,说明干缩性能的变化在汽蒸处理减缓横弯缺陷过程中未起到积极作用;本文也证实使用弦径向干缩差来反映开裂势是可行的。     

杉木浸渍改性材的尺寸稳定性研究

利用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛改性剂对杉木木材进行浸溃改性，对其改性材的尺寸稳定性进行研究。结果表明：改性材的弦向、径向和体积干缩率与素材相比均有不同程度的下降；改性材的弦向、径向和体积湿胀率与素材相比也均有不同程度的下降，但当改性剂浓度超过20％时，下降才较明显；改性材吸水率随改性剂浓度的上升而下降，最大可由改性前的197％下降到改性后的155％；改性材的抗干缩系数（ASE）随改性剂浓度上升而增加，最大可达18．8％。杉木改性材的尺寸稳定性能要明显优于素材。     

伴生树种对人工林酸枣材性的影响

对不同伴生树种人工林酸枣木材物理力学性质和化学组分的测定和比较分析,结果表明:伴生树种马尾松和杉木提高了酸枣人工林木材密度、干缩系数、差异干缩和力学强度及其波动性,且杉木的影响大于马尾松;伴生树种马尾松和杉木对酸枣人工林木材物理性质影响不显著,杉木对酸枣人工林木材除弦面硬度和冲击韧性外的其它力学强度指标的影响极显著或显著,而马尾松对酸枣人工林木材力学强度指标均影响不显著;马尾松降低了酸枣人工林木材抽出物含量、纤维素含量和木素含量,提高了酸枣人工林木材戊聚糖含量,而杉木影响正好相反。     

人工林杉木和杨树木材物理力学性质的株内变异研究

按照中国国家标准研究杉木和I-214杨树木材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和密度,同时按照日本国家标准研究2个树种的顺纹抗剪强度.结果表明:杉木的抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和密度由胸高直径处向上呈波浪形增加,抗弯弹性模量则稳定降低,但不同高度间杉木的物理力学性质没有显著差异;近树皮处木材的物理力学性质高于近髓心处木材,并有极显著差异.对于I-214杨树,只有抗弯弹性模量从髓心到树皮逐渐增加,其他的物理力学性质,最小值在从髓心到树皮的过渡区,最大值在近树皮处,从髓心到树皮,杨树的物理力学性质有极显著的差异.杉木和杨树的径面顺纹抗剪强度从髓心到树皮有极显著差异,并且近树皮的高于近髓心的木材,而弦面顺纹抗剪强度从髓心到树皮没有显著差异.木材密度与力学性质有很好的线性相关关系,木材密度是一个很好的力学强度的预测手段.     

Intratree Variability of Cleavage Resistance of Chinese Fir from Plantation

INTRODUCTION Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a very important timber species in the southern China (Shi Jisen et al. 1987). It is good, fast-growing, and exempts from serious plant diseases. Its plantation is big in terms of size in the South of China and its storage stock is very rich, which is about 20% of the national commodity wood (Zhou Shuangquan et al. 2000). And the lumber becomes mainly commercial construction materials in China because of straight grain, light and so…     

Intratree Variability of Tensile Strength Parallel to Grain in Chinese Fir and I-214 Poplar from Plantation

The variation of tensile strength parallel to grain in Chinese fir and I-214 poplar wood from plantations was studied in this paper. Aaccording to the national standards The Testing Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood (GB 1927 to 1943 ? 1991), the small clear wood samples were cut and tested, which represent the south and north of trees with heights of 1.3, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.3 m. The results showed: the tensile strength parallel to grain of the north wood was higher than that of south wood. ANOVA shows that the tensile strength parallel to the grain with height is of significant difference (at 0.05 level).     

人工林落羽杉力学性能研究

对江汉平原人工林落羽杉物理力学性能进行了研究,结果表明:落羽杉的气干密度为0.413 g/cm3,气干密度等级为轻;综合强度为74 MPa,强度等级为Ⅰ级;径向横纹抗压强度略大于弦向横纹抗压强度;端面硬度最高,弦面硬度与径面硬度差别不大。落羽杉南北面近树皮处木材的密度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度均大于近髓心处,南北方向对落羽杉的密度、顺纹抗压强度在5%水平上差异均不显著,而对其抗弯强度、弹性模量在1%水平上差异显著。     

Pilot Study to Examine Radial Variation in Annual Ring Width, Density and Shrinkage

The annual ring width, density and shrinkage variation from pith to bark in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Boka sugi (Cryptomeria japonicd) were studied and compared. The results show that the ring width decreased sharply from pith to bark for Chinese fir. However, the ring width variation pattern for Boka sugi followed a different way, i.e., the ring width decreased to the fifth ring, increased to the tenth ring, decreased again to the fifteenth, and then increased to the twentieth, where it became constant. The large variations of Boka sugi appeared to show the maintenance of fast growth for many years. The annual ring mean density of Chinese fir increased gradually from pith to bark. However, the density changes for Boka sugi indicated the opposite trend, i.e., the mean density decreased gradually from pith to bark. The former showed a pattern as the same as a pine and a larch, and the latter was often found in a cedar and a cypress. The longitudinal shrinkage in juvenile wood was much hig     

竹材热解及炭化收缩特征分析

对四种竹材的热解行为及炭化收缩现象进行了分析研究,结果表明:(1)竹材的种类和年龄对其热解特征和炭化收率有重要影响;(2)炭化过程中竹材收缩率随温度升高而增大;(3)竹材的炭化收缩率在不同年龄、不同部位也有差异.在相同炭化温度下,竹材炭化过程中切向和径向的收缩率高于轴向.     

Characterization of viscoelastic,shrinkage and transverse anatomy properties of four Australian hardwood species

Abstract

Several key wood properties of four Australian hardwood species: Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus marginata and Eucalyptus obliqua, were characterized using state-of-the-art equipment at AgroParisTech, ENGREF, France. The wood properties were measured for input into microscopic (cellular level) and macroscopic (board level) vacuum-drying models currently under development. Morphological characterization was completed using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy and image analysis software. A clear difference in fibre porosity, size, wall thickness and orientation was evident between species. Viscoelastic properties were measured in the tangential and radial directions using dynamic mechanical analysis instrumentation. The glass transition temperature was markedly different for each species owing to anatomical and chemical variations. The radial direction showed higher stiffness, internal friction and glass transition temperature than the tangential direction. A highly sensitive microbalance and laser technology were used to measure loss of moisture content in conjunction with directional shrinkage on microsamples. Collapse shrinkage was clearly evident with this method for E. obliqua, but not with other species, consistent with industrial seasoning experience. To characterize the wood–water relations of E. obliqua, free of collapse, thinner sample sections (in the radial–tangential plane) are recommended.     

大花序桉种源间木材物理性质变异研究

以广西东门林场18年生的11个大花序桉(Eucalyptus cloeziana)种源木材为研究对象,对它们的木材基本密度、弦向干缩率、径向干缩率等物理性质进行了测定分析,发现不同种源间、相同种源不同树干高度间所测定的物理性质指标均存在显著的差异。木材基本密度最大的种源是B85,然后依次是D47、B82,其值分别是0.7530、0.7386、0.7274 g/cm3;参试的11个种源中有8个种源的差异干缩都小于1.5,属于差异干缩小的类型;只有14425、12195和B55这3个种源的差异干缩超过1.5,但小于1.6,属于差异干缩中等类型;种源的树高、胸径生长性状与木材基本密度、差异干缩、体积全干缩率物理性状相关关系不密切,据此分别对树高、胸径等生长性状和木材基本密度、干缩率等木材物理性状进行独立选择可望获得较好的生长、物理性状改良效果。