三角履带式集材机的设计与分析

通过对集材机行走系统的研究,设计了一台三角履带式集材机。介绍了集材机整机结构、三角履带结构,并分析计算了牵引力、功率。利用MATLAB对车辆稳定性进行分析,发现降低质心高度、减小质心偏移距离、增加轨距可提高车辆稳定性。计算得出其空载纵向上、下坡最大行驶坡度分别为38.4°、33.2°,满载时分别为37.6°、38.1°,横向匀速直线和匀速转弯最大行驶角度为26.4°、22.8°。利用Adams对坡度为25°时车辆上、下坡及横向直线行驶运动进行仿真,结果表明:车辆有良好的爬坡能力和行驶稳定性。该研究对集材机的发展有一定参考意义。     

谈拖拉机集材道最大坡长

本文阐述了拖拉机集材道在四种情况下的最大坡长.爬坡角。并根据其理论对集材—50拖拉机进行了坡度的计算。集材—50拖拉机在冬季一般能爬15°左右,而在夏季只允许爬25°。     

多功能集材机三角履带主参数确定

森工企业在拟定采集工艺时,必然要考虑生产效率、经济效益和生态问题.在新的作业条件下,需要开发新型集材装备,既能满足木材生产又能减少对林地环境的不利影响.三角履带是融合了轮胎与履带行走机构的优点而研发的新型行走机构,能适应各种恶劣的环境.本文对多功能集材机三角履带的主参数做分类概述,三角履带的主参数主要由集材机的相关参数和环境的相关数据共同决定.运用建模的方法对5种不同集材机主参数进行计算,通过实验获得诸如坡度、伐根高度等林区作业环境数据,运用统计方法进行数据处理,然后依据以上数据通过理论推导出5种不同多功能集材机三角履带的参考值.     

J—50型拖拉机的一机多用

J—50型拖垃机是履带式集材专用拖拉机,装有绞盘机和液压操纵的搭载板,集材方便;有较高的载量;重心低、转弯半径小、有较高的灵活性和行驶稳定性;有较大的附着牵引力和较高的爬坡能力;比压少、地隙大、有较好的通过性能;是我国当前集材用拖拉机主要机型之一,各林业局都有一定的保有量。     

信息短波

日本开发出小型伐木集材机 由日本林野厅开发、森藤机械制造所生产的小型履带式伐木集材机适用于在胸径不超过20cm、树高不超过15m的4～7龄级人工林内进行间伐生产。该机具有小型、质量轻和成本低的特点。主要技术参数:功率35kW;行驶速度2～4km/h;最大爬坡能力30°;最大伐     

集材机用三角履带轮关键参数的优化设计

【目的】采用三角履带轮代替传统轮胎,并对其关键参数进行优化设计,以改善轮式集材机的通过性,提高集材机的牵引力和爬坡能力,为集材机用三角履带轮后续研究提供理论数据,为其他三角履带轮研发提供参考。【方法】分析三角履带轮的结构组成及其作用,基于轮式集材机的基本参数和林内工况提出集材机用三角履带轮结构技术方案,选取三角履带轮关键参数,并结合轮式、履带式集材机的行驶理论、工作效率和布局关系等对集材机用三角履带轮关键参数取值范围进行理论计算。利用三角履带轮驱动效率理论,建立关键参数优化设计数学模型,借助MATLAB优化工具箱,采用约束非线性优化函数fmincon对关键参数进行优化,得到关键参数的最优组合。【结果】从输出结果得到exitflag=1,表明优化一阶最优性条件满足容许范围,分析结果比较理想。根据优化结果绘制三角履带轮总体几何布置图,三角履带轮各部件之间没有任何干涉。【结论】1)通过对三角履带轮结构组成及其作用的分析,结合林内工况,提出集材机用三角履带轮总体布置方案;2)选取三角履带轮关键参数,从实际调研出发,综合考虑工作效率、行驶稳定性及三角履带轮结构特性,确定关键参数选取原则和方法;3)基于三角履带驱动效率最优原则进行履带驱动段的驱动功率损失分析,建立履带驱动效率数学模型,确立优化目标函数,借助MATLAB软件优化模块对三角履带轮关键参数进行优化分析,得到关键参数的最优组合。     

轻便型履带式风力灭火机行走机构的设计及爬坡实验验证

为减少履带式风力灭火机现场作业的移动时间,对履带式风力灭火机行走机构进行改造设计,从行驶速度、爬坡能力、接地比压和最大牵引力入手设计行走机构,使各参数达到相应要求后利用三维软件建模,试验模拟行走机构的实际情况,确保设计的产品满足需求.在此基础上制作产品样机,并且对样机进行爬坡实验.实验结果显示,该样机在坡度小于15＆#176;的路面上行走时速度较快,其行驶速度随着坡度增加而减少.设计的履带式风力灭火机的样机能够达到设计要求,提高了灭火效率.     

拖拉机集材对林地的保护和森林更新

据国内外调查研究表明:拖拉机集材对作业区面积的破坏为5-12.54%;对幼树的损伤率为13-50%;集材后使土壤容重提高20%,大孔隙减少40%、对水份的渗透速率降低47%.为减少拖拉机集材对林地破坏和对幼树的损伤及有利森林更新,应采取如下措施:(一)拖拉机集材应安排在冬季进行;(二)在择伐伐区,拖拉机原条集材应不离道,绞集单根抽;或拖拉机原木集材,集材道间距加宽到100M,以畜力或人力将原木小集中到集材道旁;(三)在皆伐伐区,拖拉机集材也应尽可能保护幼树和保留一定株数母树;(四)采用特宽低压轮胎轮式集材机集材.     

间伐伐区小型集材机的设计

通过对间伐材集材工艺和设备的分析,提出了一种整体尺寸仅有2 790 mm×780 mm×1 215 mm的小型集材拖拉机设计方案。介绍了该机的整体结构和工作原理,并对其主要的工作装置绞盘机和搭载装置的结构进行了设计分析;同时对集材拖拉机的行驶稳定性进行了定性分析,得出影响稳定性各因素之间的关系,降低质心、保持较小偏心距、增加轨距可获得良好行驶稳定性。通过计算得出整机纵向行驶的最大坡度角31°,横向行驶的最大坡度角36.7°,转弯半径1.4 m,最大转弯速度7.2 km/h,可在株行距较小的伐区正常作业。因此该机能够适应伐区集材条件,具有良好的行驶稳定性,对满足伐区生产需求、推动林业现代化具有较大作用。     

间伐材伐区用小型抓木机的设计与分析

通过对林区集材设备具体情况的分析与研究,设计了一台小型履带式抓木机。该小型履带式抓木机具有体积小、质量轻、牵引力大等特点,能够在林区内部灵活移动,并且该设备操作简单,使林区工人能够方便操作,以适应现在林区生产作业的要求。主要介绍了该设备的整机结构、工作原理,并对其所需牵引力与额定功率进行计算分析,同时对抓木机的行驶稳定性进行定性分析,得出影响行驶稳定性各因素之间的关系。分析结果表明,保持较小偏心距、增加轨距可获得较好行驶稳定性;并通过计算得出整机纵向行驶的最大坡度角27.4°,横向行驶的最大坡度角28.3°,转弯半径1.89m,最大转弯速度2.7km/h。分析结果证明该抓木机能满足间伐材伐区木材收集与运输要求,具有良好的行驶稳定性,对林业现代化发展有促进作用。     

THE VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEAT OF HOMEMADE J80 SKIDDER

INTRoDUCTIoNSkiddersoftentravelinnoroodorbadroadcircumstances,thusleadthedriv-ertofatigueandreducetheworkefflciency.Ifadriverworksundertheseconditionsforalongtime,hewillsufferfromoccupationaldisease.Asergonomicsdeveloping,itprovidesabasicmethodfordesigningasafeandridingcomfortab1eseatwhichisapplicableforskidder.Thein-fluenceofthevibrationuponthehumanbodyisanimportantaspectofergonomics.ThispaperdealsmainlywiththevibrationcharacteristicsofthechairofhomemadeJ8oskidder.THEVIBRATIoNCHARA…     

国外简易原木集材车

介绍了一种国外简易轮式集材车的主要性能及技术参数,其对我国研究开发多种形式的集材设备有一定的借鉴作用。     

FYT-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机磨合技术规程

介绍了FYT-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机磨合的正确方法，根据多年的生产实践总结出其在磨合过程中要特别注意的八点事项。阐述了专用集材装置的磨合及技术保养方法，并以技术规程的形式对整机的磨合以及磨合后的技术保养进行说明，对正确磨合和使用FYT-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机具有重要的参考价值。     

农用拖拉机改装森林抚育集材机

内蒙古大兴安岭图里河林业局根据我国林业生产的现状和需求，结合现有林业装备的实际情况，将小型农用轮式拖拉机改造成森林抚育集材机，以满足森林抚育机械一机多用、节能减排以及提高生产效率的需要。     

Biomass harvesting in Eucalyptus plantations in Western Australia

Australia is at an early stage of exploring the use of forest biomass to generate energy. This study evaluated the biomass yield and the productivity rates of equipment for harvesting biomass in a poor-quality eucalypt plantation. The operation consisted of a tracked feller-buncher, grapple skidder and mobile chipper. Time study methods were used to measure the harvesting operation. A multiple regression model was constructed to predict skidding productivity. Biomass production was 63.9 t ha^?1 based on the recorded load weight of eight trucks. Delays were documented and analysed. The average delay for all equipment was about 30% of working time. The study results will help guide biomass harvesting managers to estimate productivity and cost of similar operation sites.     

多功能轮式集材拖拉机搭载板装置的设计研究

通过对我国集材拖拉机发展沿革及目前林业生产作业条件分析,研发一种新型多功能集材拖拉机对目前林业生产具有重要意义.集材装置是集材拖拉机最具有特点的主要工作装置,本文对多功能轮式集材拖拉机集材装置（搭载板装置）整体结构进行设计.首先根据集材拖拉机趟载量要求确定搭载板整体结构尺寸,宽度为1 050 mm,长度为1 219 mm,厚度为20 mm.其次对搭载板辅助结构进行设计计算,使用Solid Works三维绘图软件建立搭载板的3D模型.最后基于有限元校核搭载板的强度,得到搭载板在最大压力载荷下的位移云图和应力云图,结果表明所设计的搭载板满足强度要求.     

A survey of the skidder fleet of Central,Eastern and Southern Europe

European Journal of Forest Research - As a generalization, harvested timber is extracted from forests either as trees or stems by skidders or as logs by forwarders. Coupled with harvesters,...     

Time consumption, productivity, and cost analysis of skidding in the Hyrcanian forest in Iran

The performance of the skidder Timber jack 450 C was presented in timber skidding of non-coniferous trees in hilly and mountainous conditions.An empirical time study was conducted to evaluate the current skidding system in Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran for improving production rate of skidding and finding out the production cost for planning.Based on the identified elements of skidding work phase and 130 recorded cycles,we calculated the models for effective time consumption,total productivity,and unit cost.The validity of the model was tested at 95% confidence interval.The average load volume per cycle was 2.82 m 3,average one way skidding distance was 450 m,and the average slope was 18%.The average travel speed of unloaded skidder was 5.8 km·h-1,and the average speed of loaded skidder was 0.1 km·h-1 higher than the speed of the unloaded ones.The travel speed was predominantly affected by longitudinal slopes and types of strip roads.The average speed of pulling the cable was 1.16 km·h-1,and that of load winching was 0.74 km·h-1.The average outputs in skidding was 10.6 m 3 ·h-1 and the unit cost was 12.1 US$ per hour.The time consumption and productivity of skidding depends on distances and slope,number of logs per cycle,volume,log length,etc.However,the influence of variables is not the same.     

Mitigating effects of slash on soil disturbance in ground-based skidding operations

Reinforcement of skid trails with slash has been shown to reduce soil disturbances, but there have not been any studies documenting the mitigating effects following traffic of harvest equipment traffic on steep mountainous skid trails. The objective of this study was to quantify potentially mitigating effects of slash cover on soil compaction and rutting on skid trails in mountainous hardwood forests. The effects of the placement of no slash (bare soil), light density slash (7.5 kg m^?2) and heavy density slash (17.5 kg m^?2) in a skid trail following one, five, and nine machine passes on both gentle slopes <20% and steep slopes >20% in a downhill skidding operation by a steel-tracked skidder were studied. Bulk density and rut depth increased following harvest equipment traffic on both slope gradients. Compared to bare soils, soil bulk density was not significantly reduced by light slash density; however, soil bulk density was significantly reduced by heavy slash up to five machine passes on steep slopes. Light and heavy slash significantly reduced rut depth in both slope classes. The study revealed a high protective role of slash, particularly on steep skid trails. However, benefits of slash to mitigate soil compaction were limited to five passes, after which the slash deteriorated and only provided benefits against rutting.