Potential fecundity of the bamboo gall maker,Aiolomorphus rhopaloides (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), and its inquiline,Diomorus aiolomorphi (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), in relation to gall size and body size

I examined the adult potential fecundity of the bamboo gall maker,Aiolomorphus rhopaloides Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), and its inquiline,Diomorus aiolomorphi Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) by dissection just after emergence, and at death after rearing. Emerging females ofA. rhopaloides hadca. 80 mature eggs in their ovaries. The number of eggs at emergence and after death at rearing was not significantly different. However, emerging females ofD. aiolomorphi had no eggs in their ovaries but hadca 20 eggs at death after rearing. These results suggest thatA. rhopaloides is pro-ovigenic andD. aiolomorphi is synovigenic. Female body sizes of both species were positively correlated with the size of galls from which each emerged. Number of eggs in each species was also correlated with female body size, suggesting that gall size might be a good predictor of potential fecundity. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for scientific Research (No. 11460068) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan.     

Simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography

A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results show that the optimum base solution is that the residue got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1.0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride, 5.0 mL 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL with water. Under the condition of this base solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution, Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4–9.4% and relative standard deviations 0.8%-12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Mo(VI) do not interfere with the determination for Cu(II). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0. l%-2.1% and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %.     

Damage caused by Lygus rugulipennis Popp. (Heteroptera,Miridae), to Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings

The tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis) and occasionally L. punctatus were found to feed on pine seedlings in central Finland. Both the nymphs and adults of Lygus bugs injured the apical meristem of the seedlings. This led to the death of the apex, and the opening of the lateral buds, resulting in a seedling with multiple leaders. L. rugulipennis may also oviposit on pine seedlings and the development from egg to adult on pine alone is possible. In laboratory experiments it was shown that the main factor in the apical meristem injury is the mechanical damage caused by the bug's stylet. The feeding damage and artificial mechanical damage caused by needles to the apical meristem of pine seedlings resulted in increased numbers of multiple‐leader seedlings and reduced shoot length and dry weight of the shoot and root.