浅谈我国农林复合经营模式及研究进展

阐述了农林复合经营的概念、特点及意义,总结了我国农林复合经营的发展历史及模式,综述了国内的研究进展,为农林复合经营在实践中的推广和理论研究提供参考。     

农林复合经营与林业可持续发展

通过对农林复合经营的概念、发展历史、特点及经营类型的论述,揭示了农林复合经营在林业可持续发展中的重要地位和作用。     

试述农林复合经营在林业发展中的地位与作用

通过对农林复合经营的概念、发展历史、特点及经营类型的论述,揭示了农林复合经营在林业可持续发展中的重要地位和作用。     

农林复合经营在宽城县推广的可行性分析及发展前景展望

农林复合经营是上个世纪中叶发展起来的,后来被国际农林复合经营研究委员会作为针对发展中国家的农区林业发展的援助项目,本文通过对宽城县农业林业发展的现状及前景,简要分析一下农林复合经营在宽城县推广的可行性,并对发展前景做一下简单的展望。     

农林复合经营系统的一种重要形式——庭园林业

庭园林业是农林复合经营系统的一种高级形式,它在农村发展中具有战略意义。文中介绍了第三世界一些国家的发展情况,着重介绍了我国南方农村某些成功范例。作者还提出当前存在的主要问题和对策。     

农林复合经营与河南平原林业可持续发展

阐述农林复合经营的概念、特点,从生态、社会、经济效益方面论述了农林复合经营对河南平原林业可持续发展的促进作用。     

农林复合经营技术──一、我国农林复合经营的兴起

一、我国农林复合经营的兴起南京林业大学姜志林1什么叫农林复合经营农林复合经营又称混农林业、农用林业、林农间作等。农林复合经营是将林业和农业或牧业或渔业等结合在一起进行复合经营的一种传统的土地利用方式。而不是单一经营林业或农业或牧业等。由于农林复合经营的对象是把林业与农业结合在一起，组成一个生态系统，故又称农林复合生态系统。农林复合经营是一个很广泛的概念，各家理解不一。现在为多数人接受的是国际农林复合经营研究委员会（ICRAF）下的定义：“农林复合经营是在同一土地经营单元上，将在生态和经济上存在相互联…     

乡村林业及农林复合经营的探讨

回顾了乡村林业的产生和发展,分析了农林复合经营的定义和发展,从乡村林业的主要技术形式、解决特殊土地的最优利用、促进乡村综合发展、促进乡村社会深层次变革等4方面阐明了农林复合经营在乡村林业中的重要作用。     

雷州半岛农林复合经营技术应用前景

雷州半岛自然灾害频发,农林业受到很大影响。本文首先回顾了我国农林复合经营发展的历史,对农林复合经营的类型、特征和优势进行了概括;阐述了农林复合经营作为生态农业的一种形式在雷州半岛具有广阔的发展前景。     

四川山丘区林业血防的农林复合经营模式解析

掌握钉螺孳生规律的度,适度灭螺,是抑螺防病的重要策略。本文在四川山丘地区林业血防工程模式调研基础上,总结了山丘疫区适宜抑螺灭螺农林复合经营模式,提出适度优化农林牧副渔生产系统构建林业血防屏障的策略,并讨论了山丘区农林复合经营模式与长江下游滩地的差异。     

句容低山丘陵秃杉引种试验

本场引种珍稀树种秃杉７年的试验结果表明，秃杉能适应本地生长，并以杉木适生的优良立地载植较为适宜。采用２年生无务健壮大苗深栽、壅土保墒、合理混交、适度遮萌等措施可使造林成活率达９０％以上，５年生幼树生长量达到或超过杉木，具有扩大引种的潜力。     

三次平滑样条函数在冷杉干曲线预测上的应用

基于吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场95株冷杉天然林解析木(Abies nephrolepis)的胸径、树高及从地面起至树梢的11个高度处的直径数据,利用三次平滑样条函数结合线性预测理论得出冷杉的干曲线。最后分析模型的算术误差和相对误差的均值、标准差和均方误差。分析结果表明:预测得出的干曲线能够很好地反映冷杉干形的生长变化,预测材积与实际材积非常接近。     

The potential of intercropping as an alternative land use system in temperate North America

The success of many intercropping systems in North America is attributable to the generation of a short term return from an agricultural crop during the early, unprofitable years of a longer term crop that is fruit, nuts or wood. This highly-efficient use of land and related profitability are important not only in the development of intercropping systems per se, but also in other applications which have tremendous potential independent of profitability. For example, intercropping can be effectively used during the establishment phases of hardwood plantations where it is essential to have a high level of weed control, the costs of which are often recovered with the agricultural production. Intercropping can also be used to grow trees rapidly and with a form that can be easily integrated into recreational or park situations, or urban fringe areas. In an urban context, intercropping can be used to grow trees in agricultural areas that are likely to be developed where traditional forestry options are not appropriate and the value of younger, thrifty trees may enhance property values far in excess of the cash value of the wood.     

妇女参与和林业发展

妇女与林业有着紧密的依存关系。广大发展中国家的妇女积极地参与了治山治水、植树造林、农林间作、采集运输、加工销售、节柴改灶等与林业有关的活动。文章论述了妇女在林业生产中的地位和作用，介绍了发展中国家的妇女参加林业活动的现状及其限制因素。借鉴国际上有关妇女与农村发展的经验和理论，结合中国的国情，研究妇女在农村发展中的作用十分必要。     

西江林场杉木的经济轮伐期

根据市场趋势调整林业经营对策,是林业生产的重要课题,而各类用材林经济轮伐期的确定则是重中之重．就此,根据西江林场近10 a来杉木用材林调查数据和有关资料,用土地纯收益法、内部收益率模型、净现值一般模型处理计算,对西江林场杉木林用材林的经济轮伐期作了初步探讨,得出杉木轮伐期为13-15 a．依此可大大缩短杉木林的经营周期,对加速资金周转,提高经营效益,解决两危问题增强林业生产积极性和活力等都有一定的作用．     

营造速生丰产林的关键技术

为建设高档次速生丰产林,作者借鉴国外经验,提出6项关键技术措施,即:建立树木栽培种、选育优良无性系、突破繁殖技术、改革育苗方法、严格立地选择和配套栽培措施。     

Two chemical mutagens modulate the seed germination,growth, and phenotypic characteristics of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata )

Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook),a fast-growing and economically important timber tree species in China,is widely used in construction,furniture,and paper manufacture but has a long breeding cycle.Chemical mutagens,such as ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and sodium azide(SA),are widely used in crops such as rice,wheat,cotton,soybean and sugarcane but their utility for tree breeding is unknown.In this study we examined the effects of EMS and S A on Chinese fir seed germination and growth.Chinese fir seeds were treated with the two chemical mutagens;were planted in Jiangle County,Fujian Province,China;and their heights were measured from 2011 to2017.The concentrations and durations of treatment with the two chemical mutagens were significantly associated with the Chinese fir seedling and mortality rates,as well as with the heights of trees from the seedling stage to 3 years old.We also generated 127 mutants with abnormal branches and reproductive growth.We report here the effects of two chemical mutagens on Chinese fir breeding;our data will contribute to knowledge of the utility of EMS and SA in forestry.     

Tree gardening and taungya on Java: examples of agroforestry techniques in the humid tropics

Agroforestry is a general concept for a land management system combining trees and agricultural crops. For application, various specific techniques can be chosen. Each of these techniques is adjusted to a specific set of environmental as well as socio-economic factors. Agroforestry cultivators or managers belonging to varying social strata and institutional groupings may practice different forms of agroforestry, even within the same general region. This is demonstrated on the basis of two contrasting types of agroforestry which are found on the Indonesian island of Java. Tree gardening or the cultivation of a wide variety of crops in a multiple-storeyed agroforestry system is an indegenous practice on private lands, while taungya or the intercropping of young tree plantations with staple crops is practiced on state forest lands. Both systems are described as to their management characteristics, past development as well as possibilities and constraints for further development. These two practices are then compared as to various attributes, like producer group, production purpose, area of cultivation, land ownership situation, structural organization of crop combinations, possibilities for improved cultivation techniques, and suitability for application in rural development for specific target groups.This paper is a slightly revised version of a contribution to a lecture series on agro-forestry organized by the Departments of Forestry, Wageningen University.     

国外林业政府机构演变趋势和重组我国林业部的必要性

林业政府机构属于上层建筑,它必须适应经济基础,才能促进林业的发展。各国林业政府机构有多种设置模式,基本上都反映了各国的国情和林情,及其不同的林业发展阶段,并从总体上处于显著地上升和强化的趋势中。国际社会要求发展中国家和经济转型国家加强其国家级林业机构的能力。我国林业发展遇上了史无前例的大好时机,任重而道远,必须设置一个强势的林业机构。文中明确建议,按照精简机构的精神,重组我国林业政府机构,赋予它与林业发展使命相适应的地位和事权。     

加快林业合作组织建设适应规模化经营

林业合作组织的产生和发展,是农村组织制度的改革创新;是深化集体林权制度及其配套改革的需要;是林改后适应林业规模化经营的需要;是市场经济的产物;符合农村经济社会发展的内在规律,有利于推动社会主义新农村建设。文章以辽宁省林业合作组织为例,对现有林业合作组织的构建和运行机制进行分析和研究。