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1.
中国纤孔菌属两新记录种   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
本文报道了中国纤孔菌属两个新记录种,分别为芮克纤孔菌Inonotus rickii(Pat.)D.A.Reid和杨生纤孔菌Inonotus plorans(Pat.)Bondartsev & Singer.芮克纤孔菌采于海南省保亭县热带植物园,生长在橡胶树上,杨生纤孔菌Inonotus plorans发现于中国西北地区的新疆,生长在杨树上,本文根据中国的材料对这两个种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图.  相似文献   

2.
粗孢林氏孔菌Lindtneria trachyspora(Bourdot&Galzin)P ilát和乳白粗糙革孔菌Trechispora nivea(Pers.)K.H.Larss.首次报道于我国的青海省和陕西省,为中国新记录种。这两种木材腐朽菌均生长在阔叶树腐朽木上,造成木材白色腐朽。本文根据中国采集的标本材料对它们进行了详细的描述。  相似文献   

3.
本文报道了两种生于杨树上的多孔菌,杨生薄孔菌(AntrodialeucaenaY.C.Dai&Niemel )和西伯利亚毡被孔菌(Spongipellissibirica(Penzina&Ryvarden)Penzina&Kotir.)。根据所采集标本对其进行了详细描述。杨生薄孔菌的主要特征为子实体平伏反转,二系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具锁状联合,担孢子圆柱形,造成杨树木材褐色腐朽。杨生薄孔菌目前只发现在中国东北,该种与垫状薄孔菌(Antrodiapulvinascens(Pilat)Niemel )和大孔薄孔菌Antrodiamacra(Sommerf.)Niemel 较类似,但垫状薄孔菌的担子果不形成真正的菌盖,其担孢子为椭圆形,菌丝组织中无结晶体存在。大孔薄孔菌也生长在杨树上,但该种只形成平伏的子实体,其孔口和担孢子均比杨生薄孔菌大。西伯利亚毡被孔菌目前只发现在中国东北和俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区,其主要特征为子实体盖状、白色、肉质,单系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具锁状联合,担孢子椭圆形至近圆形,通常生长在杨树活立木上,造成木材白色腐朽。该种与同属的松软毡被孔菌Spongipellisspumea(Sower by:Fr.)Pat.很接近,但后者的孔口为圆形且完整,其担孢子比西伯利亚毡被孔菌的大。  相似文献   

4.
中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌(Ⅰ)   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文首次系统报道了生长在中国原木、建筑物(包括房屋、桥梁、涵洞、栅栏等木质结构材)、坑木、枕木、矿柱、电杆、薪材等上的腐朽菌107种.其中24种引起木材褐色腐朽,83种引起白色腐朽.褐色腐朽的种类主要发生在针叶树木材上,白色腐朽的种类在针叶树和阔叶树木材上都常见.在针叶树原木上常见的木材腐朽菌有黄薄孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、深褐褶菌、硫磺绚孔菌、冷杉附毛孔菌.在阔叶树原木上常见的有紫褐多孢孔菌、黑管孔菌、一色齿毛菌、红贝俄氏孔菌、硬毛粗毛盖孔菌、皮生锐孔菌、淡黄木层孔菌、鲜红密孔菌、淡黄裂孔菌、毛栓孔菌、锗栓孔菌和云芝栓孔菌等.这些种类来自作者长期的采集、记载和鉴定,全部标本保存在中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所生物标本馆.  相似文献   

5.
木材褐腐真菌泊氏孔菌属生态学研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
木材腐朽真菌在森林生态系统中起着关键的降解还原作用,是森林生态系统物质循环中不可缺少的重要组成部分.泊氏孔菌属的种类具有降解木材中的纤维素和半纤维素,造成木材褐色腐朽的功能,而混合于针叶林土壤中的褐腐残余物是针叶林生态系统更新所必不可少的.本文对中国地区泊氏孔菌属进行生态学的研究,结果表明树木腐烂程度与泊氏孔菌属的种类分布具有高度相关性,相关系数为0.885.寄主树木选择性的研究结果表明,泊氏孔菌属的种类主要生长在针叶树倒木上,有19种,占总数的86%,其中生长在云杉属和松属树木上的种类最多,而阔叶树中最适宜该属物种生长的树种是桦属和杨属树木.  相似文献   

6.
中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌( Ⅱ)   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
根据资料综合报道165种储木及建筑木材上的腐朽菌,其中担子菌133种,子囊菌32种;引起褐色腐朽的有28种,白色腐朽137种。详细记载了每种真菌的腐朽类型、寄主和生长环境、地理分布。生长在原(储)木上的腐朽菌有三色拟迷孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、毛盖采孔菌等8种;生长在枕木上的有褐褶菌Gloeophyllum spp.、囊孔菌Hirschioporus spp.、栓菌Trametes spp.、炭团菌Hypoxylon spp.等43种;生长在干燥环境下火烧木材上的有炭生褐褶菌、黑轮层炭壳等5种,潮湿环境下的有12种,其中裂褶菌、皱褶栓菌、黑轮层炭壳等能生长在栽培菇类的木段上,成为污染杂菌;生长在建筑木材上有5种,如皱褶栓菌、冷杉附毛菌、伏果圆炷菌(干朽菌,泪菌)等,其中伏果圆炷菌能生于各种木质物和建筑木材上,是危害最大的腐朽菌之一。  相似文献   

7.
2005年8月,作者对北京市的松山自然保护区的木材腐朽菌进行了考察,采集了大型真菌100余号,并对这些标本进行了鉴定.研究发现一种生长在阔叶林下的革菌为哈氏杯革菌Cotylidia harmandii (Lloyd)D.A.Reid.杯革菌属(Cotylidia P.Karst)在我国曾有过报道,全球有描述的分类单位共有20余个[1~4],在我国仅发现了5个种,即金黄杯革菌Cotylidia aurantiaca(Pers.)A.L. Welden,明亮杯革菌Cotylidia diaphana(Schwein.)Lentz,克玛波杯革菌Cotylidia komabensis(Henn.)D.A.Reid,苍白杯革菌Cotylidia pallida(Pers.)Boidin,波纹饰杯革菌Cotylidia undulata(Fr.)P.Karst.[2],但哈氏杯革菌此前未被国内报道过,因此,该种为中国革菌的一新记录种.  相似文献   

8.
八种城市旱垂柳林木材腐朽菌分解能力的测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过测定8种城市旱垂柳Salix matsudana var.pseudo-matsudana的木材腐朽菌,树舌Elfvingia applanata(Pers.)Karst.、香栓菌Trametes suaveolens(L.)Fr.、单色下皮黑Cerrena unicolor(Bull.:Fr.)Murr、桦革裥Lenzites betulina(L.:)Fr.、黑管菌Bjerkandera adusta(Willd.:Fr.)Karst、毛革盖Coriolus hirsutus(Wulf.:Fr.)Quél.、云芝Coriolus versicolor(L.:Fr.)Quél.、多毛盖菌Funalia gallica (Fr.)Pat.对旱垂柳木材的分解能力,研究其生物降解规律.结果表明:8种旱垂柳木材腐朽菌的降解能力排序为:毛革盖>云芝>香栓>多毛盖菌>单色下皮黑>树舌>桦革裥>黑管菌.其中毛革盖和云芝的分解能力最高,在100 d内即可将柳材样品分解解体,降解率超过50%.  相似文献   

9.
伊春林区属于小兴安岭山系,森林类型属于以红松为主的原始针阔混交林生态系统,由于树种多样,地形复杂,雨量完沛,树龄高,枯立木、倒木交错横生,为多孔菌种群提供了优越的生育条件,这些多孔菌广泛地腐生或兼性寄生在活立木、枯立木、倒木、伐根上,以及楞场的原木上,导致树木的心材或边材腐朽,故把多孔菌也称为木材腐朽菌,给木材生产造成巨大损失。然而许多多孔菌具有多种药用价值,近几年,在药用真菌开发利用方面,药用多孔菌引起了人们的极大关注。 笔者20年来,在教学科研工作中,深入伊春林区进行真菌资源调查,鉴定整理出药用多孔菌42种,现报道如下,供开发利用参考。1 淡黄木层孔菌 phellinus gilvus (Schw.)Pat.,生于柞、桦倒木上,导致白腐。2 哈尔蒂木层孔菌 phellinus hartigii (Allesch.: Schnabl)Imaz., 生于冷杉活立木上,导致沟状白腐。3 火木层孔菌 phellinus igniarius(L.:Fr.)Quel., 生于杨 、桦、槭等活立木上,导致心材白腐。  相似文献   

10.
为研究NL351杨树上的真菌种类,对其杨木边材进行了组织分离,通过纯化培养,得到了内生菌热带头梗霉(Cephaliophora tropica)。采用形态特征和分子生物技术相结合的方法对其热带头梗霉进行了确凿鉴定,并确认分布于中国的NL351杨树是热带头梗霉的新寄主,此菌在杨树上发现属于首次报道。  相似文献   

11.
中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌   总被引:27,自引:11,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
简要论述了中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌,共报道危害活立木的木腐菌49种,对每个种的寄主、腐朽类型及分布进行了报道,它们中多数造成白色腐朽,少数导致褐色腐朽,其中在我国首次报道为森林病原菌的种类有:白黄小薄孔菌Antrodiella albocinnamomea,奥氏蜜环菌Armillaria astoyae,亚黑管孔菌Bjerkandera fumosa,硬栓孔菌Funalia tragii,小孔异担  相似文献   

12.
Investigations were carried out during the period 1997-1999 on lepidopteran entomofauna deleterious to poplars (Populus spp.) in Bulgaria. The phytophages were collected in larval and pupal stage and were reared under laboratory con-ditions to the adult stage. In two regions of Bulgaria, Sofia and Montana, 18 new and little-known phytophages in seven families were established on the trees in Populus genus: Limenitis populi (L.) (Nymphalidae); Anacampsis populefia (Cl.), Gelechia turpella (Den. & Schiff.) (Gelechiidae); Synanthedon melliniformis (Lasp.) (Sesiidae); Euproctis similis (Fuessl.) (Lymantriidae); Drymonia velitaris (Hufn.), Notodonta tritophus (Den. & Schiff.) (Notodontidae); Amphipyra pyramidea (L.), Catocala nupta (L.), Cosmia trapezina (L.), Enargia paleacea (Esp.), Eupsilia transversa (Hufn.), Ipomorpha subtusa (Den. & Schiff.), Parastichtis ypsilon (Den. & Schiff.), Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.) (Noctuidae); Gastropacha quercifolia (L.), Phyllodesma tremulifolia (Hb.) and Poecilocampa populi (L.) (Lasiocampidae). G. turpella and S. melliniformis are new records for Bulgaria and D. velitaris was found for the first time in Northern Bulgaria. Thirteen species (L. populi, E. similis, D. velltaris, N. tritophus, A. pyramidea, C. nupta, C. trapezina, E. transversa, I. subtusa, P. ypsilon, G. quercifolia, P. tremulifolia and P. populi) were established for the first time in Bulgaria to have a trophic relationship with poplars. G. turpella and L subtusa were occurred in the highest population densities – up to 1.6 larvae/m and up to 1.1 larvae/m respectively. The remaining species occurred in low population densities in the studied habitats and were not considered to be pests on the poplars.  相似文献   

13.
Poroid species of wood-inhabiting fungi growing on spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai or Picea yezoensis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Carriere) in Northeast China were investigated during 1993-2002, and 71 species were recorded from these trees or their wood. Skeletocutis lilacina A. David & Jean Keller and Skeletocutis papyracea A. David are new to China. Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr.) P. Karst., Onnia leporina (Fr.) H. Jahn, Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, Phaeolus sckweinitzii (Fr.:Fr.) Pat., Phellinidium sulphurascens (Pilat) Y.C. Dai and Phellinus yamanoi (Imazeki) Parmasto are the pathogens on the two trees. Among the 71 species 18 species (ca. 25% of all species) are considered as rare species, 34 species (48% of all species) are the occasional species, and 19 species (27% of all species) are the common species.  相似文献   

14.
辽宁铁岭柳树边材腐朽病的病原菌为柳生针孔菌Inonotus pruinosus Bondartsev。根据采集的病原标本材料对该病原菌进行了详细描述。该菌只危害柳树,造成边材白色腐朽,最终导致受害树木死亡或风折后死亡。  相似文献   

15.
四川栲树心材腐朽病研究   总被引:8,自引:8,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
根据野外调查,四川青城山和峨嵋山地区栲树心材腐朽病的病原菌为淡黄木层孔菌(Phellinus gilvus(Schwein:Fr.)Pat.),造成心材白色腐朽,最终导致受害树木枯死或风折。本文对此病害的症状进行了报道,并对采集的病原菌标本材料作了详细描述.对该菌的种内分化进行了探讨。  相似文献   

16.
Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stumps infested with Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. were inoculated with pellets formulated from fermented barley and spores of three isolates of Trichoderma viride Pers.: Fr. After one year, Trichoderma spp. were isolated from stumps inoculated in June less frequently (12 %) than those inoculated in February (23 %) or in October (29 %). Isolations of Trichoderma spp. from stumps with advanced decay were more frequent (46 %) than from stained stumps (12 %) or from sound stumps (2 %). Isolation success was directly related to wood decay at point of sampling, nearness to source of inoculum, and nearness to stump surface.  相似文献   

17.
The fungus Phellinus noxius has a broad host range and causes brown root rot in a variety of tree species of various ages, irrespective of their original health. The fungus is widely distributed in tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia, Central America and Caribbean, and Africa. Since 1988, when brown root rot was first found on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, the disease has been reported on several islands in Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, and it has been causing serious problems to shade, windbreak, ornamental and landscape trees in the Ryukyu Islands, located in the subtropical region of southern Japan. Here, we report on the current status of P. noxius‐caused brown root rot in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including symptoms, occurrence, dispersal, distribution and host tree species of the disease, pathogenicity and/or virulence of the pathogen, and disease management based on our surveys and previously published reports from Japan. Brown root rot has been confirmed in 53 tree species from 32 plant families at different sites on 10 of the 12 islands surveyed. Among the 53 tree species, 34 were first recorded in Japan as host plants of P. noxius. The disease occurs mainly in shade, ornamental and windbreak trees at sightseeing places, parks, roadsides, agricultural land such as sugar cane fields, and around residences or other places associated with human activities.  相似文献   

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