自然保护区周边社区居民对保护区依赖与态度的关系研究

通过对广西林业系统自然保护区周边社区居民对保护区依赖情况与态度调查,结果显示,社区居民对保护区的依赖程度并不是很高,目前保护区周边社区居民对保护区的支持率较高。但不同的保护区的周边社区居民对保护区的支持率存在明显差异。社区居民对保护区资源的依赖与态度呈现出明显的负相关性,即随着社区居民对保护区资源直接依赖程度的降低,其对保护区态度越积极。     

屏边大围山国家级自然保护区社区居民环境保护意识调查

为了解影响自然保护区社区居民保护态度的主要原因,对屏边大围山国家级自然保护区及其周边的6个村寨进行调查,采用非参数检验和逐步线性回归分析方法分析人口特征和社会经济的各种因子对居民保护态度的主要影响.结果表明,不同村寨对保护区态度的影响存在显著差异(N=6,X2=7.98,P=0.04);性别(N=171,X2=7.92,P=0.04)和家庭拥有旱地面积(N=171,X2=8,P=0.04)也是影响保护态度的主要原因;其他因素对保护态度影响不显著.调查社区居民对保护政策的满意度及目前的政策需求认为,落实搬迁,解决土地权属问题,寻找新的经济作物及其种植地点,发展社区经济,完善农村基础设施建设是当前获得社区居民对保护区建设与管理支持的最主要办法.另外,提高管理人员素质和护林员待遇,解决公平问题对自然保护区的管理亦至关重要.     

白马雪山自然保护区林业可持续发展项目阶段性成效调查

采用参与式农村评估（PRA）方法,对2003年开展过PRA调查的21个社区进行跟踪调查．结果认为,白马雪山自然保护区林业可持续发展项目的实施对于降低薪材消耗量、缓解社区与保护区矛盾、减轻野生动物危害、提高村民的环境意识、增加村民经济收入等方面起到了积极作用,但也存在一些问题且距总体目标的要求有一定差距．为此,提出了增加经济收入渠道,合理利用资源,改变传统的种植、养殖模式,增强社区自我发展意识等社区发展建议．     

广西自然保护区周边社区发展限制性因素分析

通过对广西龙虎山和银殿山两个自然保护区周边社区居民随机抽样,针对11项限制社区发展因素进行了问卷调查,并采用SPSS相关性和两独立样本t检验分析,结果显示：社区居民自身条件欠缺、社区自然禀赋欠佳和社区与外界关系不顺制约了自然保护区周边社区发展;社区可利用资源、政府行为和保护区留给社区的生存空间等与居民对保护区的态度之间具有明显的相关性.提出通过有效劳务输出、发展地方农业经和减少社区居民对限制社区发展因素的负面感知可有效改善保护区周边民生问题.     

基于农户调查的退耕还林若干问题研究(Ⅰ)——以河北省丰宁县为例

通过对丰宁县9个乡镇25个村200个农户的问卷调查,对退耕还林过程中存在的一些问题进行了研究.结果表明,大部分农户对于国家的退耕还林政策还不是十分了解,教育程度越高的农户对政策了解程度也越高;大多数农户对于国家的退耕还林政策持支持态度,对于退耕还林政策的执行较为满意;多数农户认为,退耕还林后环境条件有了较为明显的改善;但是,多数农户认为国家的退耕还林补助期限太短,应该适当延长.同时,部分农户表示,补助期满后将会复耕.建议加大退耕还林政策宣传力度,提高农民对于退耕还林政策的了解程度,同时在后续政策的制定中,适当调整补助政策,使退耕还林工程得以长期、有序、健康的发展.     

退耕还林对保护区周边农户收入的影响研究——以陕西省为例

选取陕西省大熊猫自然保护区数据,分析退耕还林对保护区周边农户收入的影响。研究发现,户主受教育年限、家庭耕地面积、农业劳动力人数、外出打工人数及是否参与退耕还林几项因素对农户家庭收入增加均呈正向影响。提出了增加保护区农户专业培训、丰富非农就业渠道、提高退耕还林补贴水平等建议。     

河北大海陀自然保护区与社区关系研究

我国自然保护区大多分布在经济水平相对较落后、自然资源相对丰富的地方,自然保护区与社区的关系问题一直是人们密切关注的问题。应用问卷调查、实地访问和资料调查的方法对河北大海陀自然保护区内及周边社区进行了调查和分析,从社区的经济状况、社区居民对保护区的态度以及参与管理情况方面分析了自然保护区与社区的关系。结果认为,相关社区居民经济收入水平低,收入来源以农牧业为主,保护区内居民收入还略低于保护区外;有约1/3居民参与过保护区相关工作,但都是简单的工作;社区居民希望加强社区共管工作。     

基于生态社会经济系统理论的我国自然保护区周边社区发展模式及政策分析

首先探析了保护区与周边社区的相互作用及其组成的特殊复合生态社会经济系统。其次, 阐述了现行保护政策下, 保护区周边社区的传统及现实权益未被考虑, 社区与保护区被人为割裂, 保护政策与地方发展政策不一致, 导致保护区与社区之间冲突不断, 使得保护目标难以达成。最后, 提出保护区管理者应关注社区合理权益的实现, 吸引社区群众参与自然保护工作, 同时寻求地方发展政策与保护政策的融合, 以促使保护区得到更好的建设和发展。     

成都动物园参与保护区周边社区环境教育的实践和总结

保护区周边社区环境教育是协调自然保护区与周边社区居民之间关系的有力措施,现阶段宣传活动的主要实施者为保护区从业人员,必须吸纳更多专业机构与人员支持和参与。通过介绍成都动物园参与白水河国家级自然保护区周边社区环教的实践和经验,例如与保护区一起为社区居民发放宣传资料、进行座谈等;指导工作人员和社区居民进行业务学习;整合动物园教育经验和保护区自然资源开展夏令营活动;利用微信公众号报道保护区环教情况,扩大影响力;于保护区周边小学开展科普进校园活动等,阐述了动物园参与保护区周边社区教育的意义。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁国家级自然保护区内居民KAP调查分析

采用问卷调查方法,调查分析了内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁国家级自然保护区内居民对自然保护及保护区的相关知识、态度和行为（KAP）。结果表明：保护区内的居民对自然环境保护以及相关法律和条例都有所了解;有96．3％的居民认为“放牧地及牧草”是保护区内最有用的资源。保护区75％的居民认为自然保护对他们有好处,但还有46．4％的居民认为没有必要建立保护区;有64．3％的居民认为设立保护区后收入大大降低;有70．2％的居民对保护区内禁牧政策有意见,有65．5％的居民认为禁牧时间太长。有83．8％的居民希望政府发放补贴以弥补牧民的损失;有83．3％的居民表示不愿意从保护区搬出。有51．2％的居民表示未参加过培训或相关活动;有42．9％的居民表示能够制止破坏自然环境的他人行为;有81％的居民表示平时能够告知其他村民不要进入保护区做破坏活动;有86．9％的居民表示能够对自己的孩子做有关自然保护的教育。本文的调查结果对有关该保护区与社区居民相互作用关系的处理提供了基础资料。     

大稠顶自然保护区植被特征调查

对大稠顶自然保护区的植被进行野外实地调查，结果显示，由于海拔和水分的原因，其植被从带有热带性向明显的亚热带特征转变；在海拔1000m以上的地方，植被的矮化现象非常明显；大稠顶自然保护区珍稀濒危植物和经济植物比较丰富，特别是在低海拔区存在广东省内罕见的天然喜树群落。     

广东梅县阴那山省级自然保护区蝶类多样性及其区系分析

为了解广东梅县阴那山省级自然保护区蝶类资源和物种多样性情况,2021年7—12月利用样线法进行观测调查。结果表明,阴那山自然保护区共调查到蝶类10科、75属、110种;区系组成主要以东洋界为主,古北界和东洋界共有为辅;随海拔升高,蝶类群落属数、种数、个体数量、优势度指数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为先增长后下降的单峰趋势,并均在401~600 m达到最大值,高海拔地区蝶类群落的均匀度指数大于低海拔地区;相邻海拔地区蝶类群落的相似性较高,且高海拔与低海拔间蝶类种类存在明显差异。以期为阴那山省级自然保护区预测气候变化、保护蝴蝶资源和评价生态环境等提供基础资料和理论依据。     

Valuing Natural Forest Resources: An Application of Contingent Valuation Method on Adaba-Dodola Forest Priority Area,Bale Mountains,Ethiopia

This research employs a contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) to gain use and control rights to a natural forest resource at the Adaba-Dodola Forest Priority Area (ADFPA) in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. The analysis was based on data collected from 295 households residing in and around the forest resource. Both binary probit and ordered probit models were used to examine socioeconomic factors that determine the respondents' WTP to gain these rights. The estimated mean and median WTP were found to be ETB 24.41 (US$2.54) and ETB 22.14 (US$2.30) annually, respectively. Households with more members, have better exposure to education and training, perceive the need for forest conservation, are member of forest dwellers' association, and who are wealthier in terms of ownership of more cultivated land and livestock are willing to pay more; whereas those households characterized by earning better annual household income, those who got higher starting bid value, and those who live farther away from the prime forest resource are willing to pay less. This can be used to signal that there is a considerable non-market value attached to use and control rights to the natural forest. In particular, membership in official forest user groups has shown a strong and positive relationship with WTP in all the models employed. This implies the approach of participatory management using forest user groups is better both for the sustainability of the forest resource and the livelihoods of the people who depend upon it.     

太白山自然保护区周边社区群众保护观念和态度取向调查

通过对陕西太白山自然保护区周边群众进行随机问卷调查以及半结构访谈,对收集到的资料经过Logistic二项回归方法分析,结果显示:保护区周边群众性别和文化程度是影响其观念和态度取向的最重要方面,其总体趋势是积极态度占主导地位,也发现了许多冲突和矛盾问题.对保护区与周边社区和谐发展提出了相应的建议和措施.     

Access to Microloans for Households with Forest Property Collateral in China

About 100 million rural households in China have obtained forest property certification, which could serve as collateral to help households obtain microloans intended for forest management and investment. However, it is still difficult for households to receive these loans using forests as collateral. The strong demand for loans from the Rural Credit Cooperative cannot be met. This paper attempts to understand microloan access behavior using 241 respondents in three typical Chinese counties. It argues that the loan is determined by both the demand from the household as well as the supply from banks. Logistic regression models are used to investigate what might affect accessibility to households’ microloans. Household characteristics like age, education, income, forest characteristics as well as the regional variation of loans are used as explanatory variables. Age, education and income as well as the perception of the bank services are found statistically significant. Other findings include that only half of the respondents who received loans supposed for forest management but use for other purposes. Most importantly, it is found that joint-loan arrangement is more suitable for small-scale households and direct-loan and guaranteed-loans are better match larger property size. A simplified loan-process and discount points would lower transaction costs and improve rural households’ accessibility to microloan using of forest property collateral.     

自然保护区生态旅游的开发与管理初探

通过对自然保护区开展旅游活动的调查,研究和分析了自然保护区开发生态旅游的意义,以及生态旅游对保护区的积极影响和消极影响,并针对当前旅游开发中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和管理措施。     

Local pricing system of forest products and its relations to equitable benefit sharing and livelihood improvement in the lowland community forestry program in Nepal

The study examines the relationships between local pricing system of forest products and its effects on equitable benefit sharing and livelihood improvement of user households who are living in and around the forests. The community forest user groups of lowland in Nepal have practiced low pricing strategy for high value forest products considering the access of socio-economically poor households. However, the study suggests that even though the low pricing strategy was designed considering poor households, rich households greatly benefited from the forest benefits. The study further enlightens that the low price for high value forest products particularly timber is counterproductive for equitable benefit sharing among the user households in the areas of heterogeneous socio-economic conditions. In addition, the strategy is defective for collecting adequate community fund and carrying out enough livelihood improvement activities at the local level.     

周边社区对自然保护区影响的调查方法研究

为了科学地制订自然保护区的保护和管理政策，必需了解周边社区居民的生态意识和保护行为．其调查方法有KAP调查法和PRA评估法．在问卷设计中应包括人口因素调查、环境知识调查、对自然保护区的态度调查以及行为调查等，其问题和答案的设计及结果分析要有可行性、针对性、代表性和创新性．     

Rural household and forest: an evaluation of household’s dependency on community forest in Nepal

The aim of this paper is to analyze the level of dependency of rural households on forests, based on the economic status of the households and the property regimes of forests. The analysis of household-level dependency suggests that large numbers of rural households are benefiting regularly from their community forests. Out of three forest property regimes examined, community forests were found to be the most prominent sources for supplying forest products to local households. Analysis of the degree of forest-products dependency and the economic status of households shows that the low economic status households rely more on the community forest than the economically better-off households. In addition, a ² analysis indicates that the economic status of households affects the degree of forest-product collection activities. The results show three types of property regime with respect to forest management in Chitwan. Each regime holds its own ownership rights, which control the harvesting of forest products and provides incentives to the local households.