果用叶用银杏高效栽培模式研究

深入研究了银杏的栽培历史和模式,将栽培模式分为观赏性栽培和产业性栽培。产业性栽培包括庭院四旁和道路栽培、复合型农林栽培、果用密植栽培、叶用丰产栽培、材用丰产栽培以及果材兼用型栽培。     

竹荪主要栽培模式探讨

竹荪有极高的营养价值与药用价值,为名贵食用菌,我国人工栽培竹荪始于20世纪70年代,现在人工栽培竹荪的人数不断增多,栽培模式也在不断增加。总结探讨了当前主要的栽培模式:包括有林下栽培、大田栽培、室内栽培、压块栽培、袋式栽培和与粮菜套作等,以为相关从业人员提供参考。     

大球盖菇生料栽培模式研究

对大球盖菇生料栽培进行层架式栽培、畦式栽培、地坑式栽培 3种栽培模式对比试验。结果表明 ,地坑式栽培明显优于层架式栽培和畦式栽培 ,地坑式栽培的生物学效率达 5 8 4 %、出菇产量 14 6kg/m2 、净收入 2 2 8元/m2 、投入产出比 1∶4 4 ,其生物学效率分别比层架式栽培和畦式栽培高出 12 2 %和 2 6 1% ,净收入分别比层架式栽培和畦式栽培提高了 33 3%和 12 3 5 %     

蓝莓无土化栽培试验

试验采用蓝莓无土化栽培与陆生栽培生长比较,研究蓝莓无土化栽培生长状态。研究表明,采用基质固定,断根处理,保证水体循环,调整栽培水的pH值,可以保证蓝莓与陆生栽培生长状态一致,蓝莓无土化栽培是适合蓝莓生产的栽培形式。     

我国林下食用菌栽培管理技术研究

本文介绍了我国林下食用菌栽培管理技术研究现状,归纳了目前林下栽培食用菌种类、栽培基质、栽培林地、栽培模式、温湿度调控和病虫害防治等方面的管理技术,以期为林下食用菌栽培提供理论参考和技术支持。     

山西枣树设施栽培现状及问题

山西是红枣主产地之一,随着设施栽培技术的不断发展,枣树设施栽培面积也逐渐增加。笔者介绍了山西运城、太谷、吕梁、大同枣树设施栽培区域的栽培模式和特点,分析了塑料大棚栽培、防雨棚栽培、日光温室栽培3种枣树设施栽培类型及管理方法。提出了山西枣树设施栽培存在品种单一、未建立标准化生产、相关研究较为滞后等问题,并针对问题提出了枣树设施栽培的发展建议。     

不同栽培措施下枣树净光合速率及裂果率研究

为比较出辽西地区大枣适合的栽培措施,设置了未灌溉栽培、灌溉栽培、遮阴栽培、雾化栽培4个处理,分析了各处理下枣树的净光合效率及裂果率。结果表明:灌溉栽培、遮阴栽培2个处理对提高大枣净光合速率效果比较明显,有助于枣树积累更多的光合产物;雾化栽培处理可以明显降低大枣的裂果率,对提高品质有一定的效果。     

赤峰南部浅山区经济林复合栽培模式经济效益初步分析

以赤峰南部浅山区经济林复合栽培模式经济效益为研究对象,分别论述了经济林复合栽培的原则与特征、模式与效益等.通过对林—农栽培模式、林—花栽培模式、林—禽栽培模式、林—药栽培模式、林—菌栽培模式的对比分析,得到如下结论：在未郁闭的经济林行间,建议优先发展林—花栽培模式;在基本郁闭的经济林行间,建议优先发展林—禽模式.     

园林苗木容器栽培的城市环境效应

园林苗木容器栽培是一种十分有效的栽培方式,必将成为苗木栽培的主要方式.本文从园林苗木容器栽培的城市环境功能方面阐述了容器栽培相比于露地栽培的独到优势,以期进一步推动我国园林苗木容器栽培产业的发展.     

浅谈不同栽培基质对三叶青的生长影响

以泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、有机肥和黄土为原料,按照不同比例复配成3种栽培基质进行三叶青栽培试验,研究不同配比的栽培基质对三叶青生长的影响。结果表明:基质C培育的三叶青在株高、根茎粗以及壮苗指数上均显著优于其他配比的栽培基质,栽培效果显著提高,推荐作为三叶青栽培的专用型栽培基质。     

桉树芽木虱生物学特性及防治研究

报道了桉树上的1种重要刺吸性害虫——桉树芽木虱Blastopsylla barbara Li。该虫在广西南宁全年有2个危害高峰期,分别为3月上旬至5月下旬和9月上旬至11月下旬。在5月室外平均气温26.42℃条件下,全世代发育需15～18 d。卵期6～7 d,1龄若虫期1～2 d,2龄若虫期3～4d,3龄若虫期约1 d,4龄若虫期1～2 d,5龄若虫期2～3 d,成虫产卵前期6～8 d。不同药剂防治试验表明,50%烯啶虫胺20 000倍液喷雾,24 h后防治效果达90%以上,70%吡虫啉25 000倍液或5.4%阿维菌素5 000倍液喷雾,72 h后防治效果达70%以上。     

桉树扦插苗与组培苗造林生长状况比较

在相同立地条件下,对尾巨桉DH32-29扦插苗与组培苗进行造林1.5 a和2.5 a后的生长状况对比研究,结果表明：不同苗木类型在树高、胸径、枝下高、冠幅、树高变异系数等均无明显差异（P＞0.05）;在林木胸径变异系数、保存率和蓄积量方面存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,3个生长指标的结果表明：用组培苗造林在投入产出及林木生长量上优于扦插苗造林,组培苗造林增加的450元？hm-2成本,在2.5年生林木产出的价值中可数倍回收,投入产出比达4.08：1。     

滩地杨树立地质量数量化评价研究

本研究在编制洞庭湖滩地杨树立地指数表的基础上，根据影响杨树树高生长的立地项目的选择和类目划分，采用定性和定量相结合的方法，应用数量化理论I，编制出滩地杨树数量化地位指数得分表，旨在为滩地有林地和无林地的杨树立地质量评价提供统一的标准，为滩地杨树造林和经营提供理论依据。经检验其精度较高，符合使用要求。     

Farming carbon: an economic analysis of agroforestry for carbon sequestration and dryland salinity reduction in Western Australia

The widespread removal of native trees from the agricultural zone and replacement with annual crops and pastures is a major cause of dryland salinity in Australia. It has been recognised that a large proportion of the landscape needs to be replanted to trees to prevent further salinisation. However, for much of the agricultural zone, agroforestry is not an option due to lack of species that can viably generate the products currently demanded by the market. The emerging carbon market may provide a new agroforestry option for landholders, through carbon sequestration. This analysis assesses the viability of growing trees for the purpose of selling carbon credits, from a landholder’s perspective. Benefits of trees in preventing the onset of dryland salinity are accounted for. Two regions in Western Australia; a low rainfall (330 mm/year) region and a medium rainfall (550 mm/year) region, are analysed. At the expected carbon price of A$15/tCO₂-e, growing trees for carbon is not a viable alternative for landholders in the low rainfall region, due to low sequestration rates. In the medium rainfall region, growing trees for carbon and timber is a viable alternative; however the opportunity costs of land mean the carbon price would still need to be higher than expected for growers to choose this alternative. Accounting for the salinity prevention benefits makes growing trees a more attractive investment for landholders in both regions. However in both regions, even after accounting for salinity benefits, the price of carbon would need to be A$25–A$46/tCO₂-e higher than expected to make growing trees a worthwhile investment.     

岷江上游能源植物资源状况初步研究

能源植物是开发生物质能的基础.对岷江上游能源植物资源的调查研究结果表明,该区能源植物种类涵盖30科44属54种,其中蕨类植物2科2属2种,裸子植物6科12属18种,被子植物22科30属34种.植物类型以乔木为主,占该区所有被统计能源植物的81.48%,灌木和草本分别占11.11%和7.41%.资源主要集中在低海拔地区.某些物种分布范围狭窄或处于濒危状态.一些植物拥有多种开发利用价值.建议在不同海拔地区建立一定数量针对植物资源的自然保护区,并深入开展资源调查研究工作,探索资源开发与经营的合理模式,为21世纪开发生物质能提供材料基础和理论依据.     

四川退耕还林可持续经营模式探讨

退耕地是具有一定高度和坡度的特殊土地体系，受地形因素和自然规律的综合作用，孕育了经营模式上的多样性和复杂性。在分析四川水土流失现状和退耕还林工程总体布局的基础上，设计退耕还林经营模式，从宏观上提出特殊区域地方特色的退耕还林模式，以指导退耕还林工程。     

Planted forests: views and viewpoints

Planted forests in many forms are parts of landscapes in many regions of the world. These forests contribute to the economic welfare and potential sustainability of human communities. They provide wood, forage, wildlife habitats, watershed protection, recreational settings, aesthetic vistas, and ecological conditions for many other forest values. Forests and other versions of tree plantations have been planted to replace harvested Douglas-fir forests in Oregon, to provide fuelwood and forage in Senegal, for pulpwood in Brazil, for lumber in New Zealand, for watershed protection in Nepal, and for aesthetic enhancement in Scotland and Denmark. As human pressures on native forests continue to increase -- for reasons ranging from fuelwood needs to desires to preserve old-growth ecosystems -- it is clear to many of us that planted forests, intensively and extensively managed, are essential to our present and future societies and cultures, whatever forms they take.     

Agroforestry adoption potential in Cape Verde

In the água de Gato Watershed on the island of Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), 51 farmers were surveyed for their willingness to plant trees on their farms for various purposes. Farmer and farm demographic data were also collected to determine those characteristics associated with willingness to plant. Ninety-two percent of the farmers surveyed expressed a willingness to incorporate more trees into their farming practices, and the remainder indicated they were unsure. Linear discriminant analysis was used to relate the demographic variables to willingness groups to plant trees for fruit, fuelwood and shade. Discriminating variables were found to include farmer age, gender, marital status, family size, and farm area (owned, rented or farmed in partnership). Interactions were also observed between the various use categories. For example, farmers who were willing to plant trees for fuel were also more willing to plant trees for shade, and farmers who were willing to plant trees for fruit were unwilling to plant trees for shade. Discriminant analysis models were developed that accounted for correct classifications ranging from 63% to 88%, and averaging 75%.     

国有林场森林防火和资源监管“空天地人”四位一体监测系统建设

针对国有林场现状以及森林资源监管需求，构建了国有林场森林防火和资源监管“空天地人”四位一体监测系统体系框架，提出了“空天地人”四位一体监测平台建设架构及建设内容。旨在通过构建立体化资源监管体系，弥补传统监管方式的不足，提高国有林场信息化现代化水平，为增强国有林场森林生态功能，推动国有林场森林资源总量持续增加提供科技支撑。