奥地利黑松苗木根系与地上部分生长关系研究

对引进树种奥地利黑松1年生容器苗根系与地上部分生长关系进行了调查研究。结果表明,奥地利黑松苗高和地径生长量与根系生物量极显著相关。苗高生长量与侧根鲜重关系最密切,地径生长量受根系鲜重影响最大。应用逐步回归法建立了苗高、地径生长量与根系生长关系的最优回归方程。     

晋北柽柳林分生物量分布特征调查

以晋北人工柽柳林为对象,采用区域调查与定点试验相结合的方法,测定了柽柳林分地上、地下生物量及不同器官生物量,估测了各器官生物量与地径的关系及其地上、地下生物量的相关性。结果表明:柽柳各器官生物量与地径存在W=aD~b的函数关系;柽柳地下生物量与地上生物量呈指数函数关系,并拟合地下生物量预测方程为y=e~((1.714-2.24/x));树干、枝、叶地上生物量占总生物量比重为:树干枝叶;柽柳地下生物量的分布说明,生长状况越好,地下生物量越大,根系越发达,根系延伸的越远,根系中粗根越多,根系在60 cm~80 cm土层深度时分布最广。     

水翁幼苗生长规律研究

对水翁Cleistocalyx operculatus幼苗的生长过程进行研究。结果表明,水翁幼苗的株高、地径生长具有阶段性的特点,利用Logistic曲线拟合了水翁幼苗株高与地径的生长模型,决定系数均在0.95以上;其生长进程可划分为4个阶段,即出苗期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期;根冠比总体呈下降趋势,生长重心逐渐由地下部分向地上部分转移;叶面积比与叶根比呈先下降后上升的趋势;地径与主根长、单株总叶面积等形态指标以及地上生物量、地下生物量以及单株总生物量等生物量指标之间均存在较强的正相关关系(r0.92,P0.01);根冠比与株高、地径、单株总叶面积、主根长、地上生物量、地下生物量、单株总生物量均存在负相关关系;地上生物量、地下生物量、单株总生物量之间均存在极显著的正相关关系(r0.97,P0.01)。     

福建柏优树子代苗期性状遗传变异研究

以24个福建柏优树子代苗木为研究对象,对其生长量、生物量和根系等8个性状指标进行了方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明,1年生福建柏苗木各性状之间存在丰富的遗传变异,具有改良的潜力;各性状普遍受到了中等以上的遗传控制,其中总根体积的遗传力最高,达到了0.96;苗高仅与地径、地上鲜质量、总根长、总根体积存在显著或极显著相关,地径、地上干鲜质量、地下干鲜质量、总根长与总根体积相互之间存在极显著的相关;纬度是影响生物量性状的主要地理因子。对8个性状进行主成分分析后,得到能概括所测8个性状78.23%信息的3个主成分,计算出各家系的综合得分。     

南方红豆杉容器苗含水率及生物量分配规律研究

以1、2、3年生南方红豆杉容器苗为研究对象,研究其在不同年龄各构件的含水率及生物量的分配格局。结果表明,南方红豆杉容器苗各构件生物量随着年龄增加逐渐增加,3年生南方红豆杉容器苗各构件生物量远大于1、2年生苗,各构件生物量分配大小表现为叶根干枝;苗高与地径,苗高、地径与干、枝、叶、根生物量以及地上、地下和全株生物量都具有极显著相关关系;除了枝含水率先减少后增加外,其余南方红豆杉构件的含水率都随着年龄的增加而逐渐降低。地上、地下部分含水率与地上、地下部分、全株生物量都呈负相关。     

中国杉木林地上地下生物量分配研究

通过收集我国杉木林生物量数据，探讨杉木林地上地下生物量分配规律及影响因素。结果表明，杉木林地上生物量和地下生物量均与D2H呈幂函数关系；地上生物量与地下生物量异速生长关系，且地下生物量的生长速率落后于地上生物量。杉木林的根茎不是一个固定值，它与林龄、胸径、树高和D2H均呈极显著的负相关，与密度呈极显著的正相关，而与年均气温、年均降雨量和海拔的相关不显著。根茎比基本上随龄组的增大而降低，并随立地质量的下降而增大。     

马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代苗期多性状分析

对漳平五一国有林场马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代苗期的苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数、生物量 (地上、地下、全苗 )等 7个性状研究表明 :上述 7个性状在家系间均达极显著差异水平 ;各性状相关分析发现 ,苗高、地径、主根长、地上部分生物量、全苗生物量之间存在极显著相关 ,主根长与地下部分生物量、侧根数与苗高之间有显著相关 ,侧根数与地径、侧根数与生物量 (地上、地下、全苗 )无显著相关 ;通过对各性状的等级划分和全苗生物量的LSR检验 ,初步筛选出 4个优良家系 ,有良好应用前景。     

泡桐无性系根系与地上部分生长相关性研究

本文对泡桐20个无性系的根系与地上部分生长的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,泡桐不同无性系根系生长存在着极显著的差异。在地上部分生长诸因子中,与根系生长相关最显著的是地径;其次是苗高,且是负效应。通过逐步回归,建立了根系生长与地径、苗高生长的最优方程Y=0.250 21-0.00292H+0.214 89D     

黄连木苗期年生长节律及其生物量分配规律

为给黄连木幼苗生产管理提供参考,在定期观测的基础上,研究黄连木苗期年生长动态、生物量积累与分配规律以及植物生长指标与生物量组分的相关性。结果表明:在整个苗期生长过程中,黄连木的苗高、地径、冠幅生长均呈现"S"型曲线,用Logistic生长方程和生长曲线能对其动态生长节律进行很好地拟合。结合实际测量值将黄连木1年生幼苗的生长过程分为4个阶段:出苗期、生长初期、速生期和生长末期。各指标速生期的生长量占其总生长量50%以上;黄连木1年生苗木的地上与地下部分生物量比例为1.78∶1.00;苗木生物量各指标中,地径与苗高、茎干质量、叶干质量显著相关,苗高与茎干质量、叶干质量显著相关,茎干质量与叶干质量极显著相关。     

人工梭梭林生长特性研究

以空间代替时间的方法,对1～10龄梭梭人工林进行生长状况调查,分析了梭梭各生长指标的变化规律。结果表明：随着林龄的增加,梭梭冠幅、树高、地径以指数方程增长,当年生长量以二项式函数变化,地上生物量以幂函数增加;树高、地径和地上生物量之间存在极显著正相关关系;梭梭枝条当年生长量在第4年达到最大值。     

The growth of shoots and lateral roots of Quercus robur L. seedlings following simulated undercutting

The effect of cutting the tap root on shoot growth and development of lateral roots was observed in seedling Quercus robur L. growing in PVC tubes containing peat and perlite. Cutting the tap root had little effect on shoot height and leaf number although some treatments caused a significant but slight reduction in shoot dry weight and number of branches. Total root dry weight was similar in control and treated plants but distributed differently between the types of root present. The tap root always formed the largest part of the total root dry weight. In control plants most lateral root dry weight was in roots < 1 mm diameter whereas in treated plants most dry weight was in roots > 1 mm diameter. Development of the root system following root cutting was similar for all treatments: new long laterals > 1 mm diameter with relatively few branches, that formed replacement tap roots, developed near the cut end of the original tap root. Fine laterals (< 1 mm diameter) near the root collar continued to grow forming highly branched systems.     

沿海山地柳杉人工林生物量研究

对福清灵石山国有林场26年生柳杉人工林生物量及其分配的研究结果表明:26年生柳杉人工林平均树高、平均胸径和林分单位面积蓄积量分别为15.7 m、20.2 cm和668.55 m3.hm-2;林分单位面积总生物量为364.55 t.hm-2,地上部分总生物量为313.86 t.hm-2,其中树干、叶、皮及枝等器官生物量分别占地上部分总生物量的84.79%、6.25%、6.24%及2.72%;地下部分总生物量为50.69 t.hm-2,其中根桩和骨骼根、中根及吸收根生物量分别占根系总生物量的89.21%、9.71%和1.08%。从标准木不同层次生物量分布情况上看,不同层次总生物量、树干及皮生物量随着树高的增加基本呈现出逐渐递减的规律;枝与叶生物量随着树体的升高,其生物量出现先增加后减少的趋势。     

沙棘林木生长与地上部生物量动态

依据１９９８年在半干旱黄土丘陵区安塞、吴旗的调查资料,对沙棘年生长及单株地上部生物量进行了分析。结果表明：（１）时间的三次系基式与生长的关系能较好地反映生长期内生长与时间的关系;（２）沙棘单株地上部各器官生物量占地上部生物量的分配比率顺序为：枝〉茎〉叶〉桔枝;且枝、叶、枯枝生物量与树彰有十分显著的相关关系,茎与树龄间有的相关关系;（３）可用树高、地径、树个械模型与地径、冠幅、多年生枝长结合模型估测     

Above- and belowground biomass and primary productivity of a Larix gmelinii stand near Tura, central Siberia

We assessed above- and belowground biomass and net primary production (NPP) of a mature Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. forest (240-280 years old) established on permafrost soils in central Siberia. Specifically, we investigated annual carbon budgets in roots in relation to root system development and availability of soil resources. Total stand biomass estimated by allometry was about 39 Mg per ha. Root biomass (17 Mg per ha) comprised about 43% of total biomass. Coarse root (>/= 5 mm in diameter) biomass was about twice that of fine roots (< 5 mm). The aboveground biomass/root biomass ratio (T/R) of the larch stand was about unity, which is much less than that of other boreal and subalpine conifer forests. The proportion of fine roots in total root biomass (35%) was relatively high compared with other cold-climate evergreen conifer forests. Total NPP, defined as the sum of annual biomass increment of woody parts and needle biomass, was estimated to be 1.8 Mg per ha per year. Allocation of total NPP to needle production was 56%. The proportion of total NPP in belowground production (27%) was less than for evergreen taiga forests. However, belowground NPP was probably under-estimated because root mortality was excluded. We conclude that L. gmelinii trees invested annual carbon gains largely into needle production or roots, or both, at the expense of growth of aboveground woody parts. This carbon allocation pattern, which resulted in the construction of exploitative root networks, appeared to be a positive growth response to the nutrient-poor permafrost soil of central Siberia.     

方竹林垦复前后生物量结构变化的研究

方竹林垦复前总生物量1 496.34 g.m-2,垦复后2 959.59 g.m-2,垦复后笋产量是垦复前的2.31倍。垦复后1龄、3龄竹各构件的生物量均有提高,2龄竹的生物量变化不大,说明竹林年龄结构调整尚未完成。垦复后0-20 cm土层的生物量是垦复前的3.54倍,说明垦复措施主要改善了0-20 cm层的鞭根系统结构。垦复后地上部总含水率略有下降,地下部总含水率比垦复前略有提高。天然方竹林的垦复改造对竹林的生物量结构和产量有明显的影响。     

Effects of soil temperature on shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake of 5-year-old Norway spruce seedlings

Soil temperature is a main factor limiting root growth in the boreal forest. To simulate the possible soil-warming effect of future climate change, 5-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were subjected to three simulated growing seasons in controlled environment rooms. The seedlings were acclimated to a soil temperature of 16 degrees C during the first (GS I) and third growing seasons (GS III), but were assigned to random soil-temperature treatments of 9, 13, 18 and 21 degrees C during the second growing season (GS II). In GS II, shoot diameter growth was lowest in the 21 degrees C treatment and root growth was lowest in the 9 degrees C treatment. In GS III, shoot height and root length growth improved in seedlings that had been kept at 9 degrees C during GS II, indicating compensatory growth in response to increased soil temperature. The temporary decrease in soil temperature had no long-lasting significant effect on seedling biomass or total nutrient uptake. At the end of GS III, fine roots of seedlings exposed to a soil temperature of 21 degrees C in GS II were distributed more evenly between the organic and mineral soil layers than roots of seedlings in the other treatments. During GS II and GS III, root growth started earlier than shoot growth, decreased during the rapid shoot elongation phase and increased again as shoot growth decreased.     

The influence of severe shoot pruning on growth,carbon and nitrogen status in young peach trees (Prunus persica)

One-year-old peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were severely pruned in July by removing 60% of the shoots. Tree responses were analyzed in terms of architecture and nutritional status. Tree growth was recorded from July to September by nondestructive (leaf production, thickening and branching of the remaining secondary axes) and destructive measurements (biomass partitioning and concentrations of total nitrogen (N) and nonstructural carbohydrates (NC) in specific tissues). The dry weights of pruned trees were lower than those of control trees at the end of the growing season (i.e., 2.5 months after pruning), whereas shoot:root ratios were restored to the initial values. Tree response occurred in two stages. During the first 24 days following pruning, the growth components of the remaining secondary axes were similar to the control, and new secondary axes were produced. During the next 17 days, increases in both diameter and branching of secondary axes contributed to the maintenance of pruned tree growth rate (similar to that of control trees) and restoration of initial shoot:root ratios. No significant effect of pruning was observed on NC concentrations, whereas N concentrations increased in several organs of the pruned trees during the first growth period. The transient increase in internal N availability contributed to the initiation of new axes and the restoration of a more functional biomass partitioning between shoots and roots.     

天目山毛竹种群生物量结构

天目山毛竹个体各器官的生物量分配依次为:竿62.9%、篼13.6%、枝8.8%、鞭6.9%、根4.4%和叶3.6%。胸径与基径、竹竿和总体生物量之间都有着很高的相关性,而基径则与竹篼有着极高的相关性。总体看来,胸径和基径与地上部分各器官有着较好的正相关性,而与地下部分的竹鞭和根没有什么相关性。用胸径与基径对各器官生物量的回归拟合的显著度都在0.9以上,说明通过对毛竹胸径或基径的测量就可较准确的推知各器官生物量。毛竹各器官含水量依次为:根鞭篼竿枝叶;即越靠近叶,则水分含量越低。竹叶N、P含量居首位,而竹竿的N、P含量最低,但其有机碳的含量最高。毛竹种群的有机碳储量为34.483 t.hm-2,其中地上部分碳储量为26.478 t.hm-2,地下部分碳储量为8.005 t.hm-2。毛竹的碳储量相当于每公顷固定了大气CO2126.438 t。而地上与地下部分N的总贮量约为0.306 t.hm-2,P的总贮量约为0.017 3 t.hm-2。     

杨树能源林各杨树品种生长节律研究

该文对杨树生物能源林参试品种不同密度的生长节律进行观测研究,得出杨树各品种树高和地径生长速峰期均处于6~8月份,与华北地区水、热同期,有利于生物量的积累;且地径生长高峰期比树高生长高峰期滞后或基本同步。对各品种不同密度的生长节律进行比较得出：不同密度对各杨树品种树高和地径的生长量有明显的影响,而对整个生长期内的生长节律无太大影响。     

窄冠刺槐根系的研究

2006年10月用全挖法和分层分段挖掘法,研究了窄冠刺槐根系的分布特征、根系生物量以及不同密度林分根系空间分布特征.结果表明:窄冠刺槐个体根系水平分布在株间可达到6.6 m,在行间可达到5.0 m;主根可深达2 m以上,侧根垂直分布集中在10～40 cm土层内.窄冠刺槐根系生物量占全株生物量的16.82％,主根、侧根的生物量在根系生物量中分别占87.13％、12.87％.窄冠刺槐林分根系生物总量和根总长分别为6 160.2～10 940.55kg·hm-2和970.35～1 607.4 km·hm-2,并呈现出根系生物总量和根总长与林分密度成正相关的规律.在垂直方向上,林分根系中直径D<15 mm的根主要分布在地下0～20 cm土层内,而直径D≥15 mm的根主要分布在地下20～40 cm土层内;在水平方向上,直径D≥5 mm的根数量随距树干距离增加而减少,而直径D<1 mm的根数量则随距树干距离增大而增大,主要集中分布在距树干0.5～1.5 m范围内.