A comparison of pre-planting treatments on hardwood cuttings of four hybrid poplar clones

Rooting and early growth of four hybrid poplar clones (Populus spp.) planted in a greenhouse were examined after applying 40 pre-rooting treatment combinations to dormant cuttings. Treatments included 2 cutting lengths (5 and 10 cm), 5 soaking times (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days), and 4 dips (chitosan, rooting hormone powder, liquid rooting hormone added to the soaking water, and none). Significant differences in both rooting percentages and growth were shown between clones after 7 weeks of growth. Ten cm cuttings had 29% greater rooting success, 28% more above-ground growth, and 12% lower root/shoot ratios than 5 cm cuttings. Cuttings planted without soaking had the lowest rooting success, at less than 45% on average. Commercial rooting hormones decreased the number of rooted cuttings but increased root/shoot ratios. For optimal rooting, we recommend using 10 cm cuttings, soaked for 2 days in water (4 days for the Jackii10 clone) without any additional dipping/hormone substance.     

福州地区半常绿及落叶杨树无性系引种试验

杨树（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）是重要的速生用材树种,在国内一般认为杨树是北方树种,不注意在南方发展杨树。实际上不少亚热带和热带国家（印度、南非、澳大利亚、巴基斯坦、伊朗、阿根廷和巴西等）都广泛栽培杨树［１,２］。为探讨南方营造杨树工业用材林的可能性,...     

应用回归分析法测定白杨无性系生长的稳定性

本文报道了3个白杨杂种无性系在河北省5个县6a的造林试验结果。应用回归分析方法测定了无性系生长的稳定性,预测了它们的适生范围。结果表明,3个无性系平均树高和平均胸径均优于对照种易县毛白杨。741树高生长在有利环境条件下优势明显,胸径生长稳定性强,适合在各种生产水平下栽种。303树高生长在较差环境下表现出较大优势,胸径生长在各生产水平下栽种均表现较好。106稳定性较差,选用时应慎重。     

杨树湘林新无性系不同部位育苗生长性状研究

新、老杨树无性系田间扦插育苗成活率,在湘林～90等5个新无性系与对照中汉-17杨之间有极显著差异,以中汉-17最低;5个杨树湘林新无性系间均无显著差异,可满足大田扦插育苗要求。成活率在苗干区分段问总体上随所取穗条部住的升高而有所下降;但第2、3、4区分段间无显著差异,表明杨树种苗上部的有芽茎干可以用作育苗种条。在夏季无抗旱措施情况下,年末保存率比春季成活率平均有所下降。大田育苗的保存率、成活率与水培时的皮层凸起呈正相关,反映先期根原基多、水培时易形成皮层凸起的无性系及区分段,可以期望有较高的育苗成活率和保存率。成活率、保存率与水培时的发根总长,苗高生长量与水培时的皮层凸起、不定根条数、总长间均没有相关性。试验显示,杨树新无性系扦插繁殖能力的鉴定,最重要、最可靠的程序是通过大田育苗的生产实践来检验。     

楸树无性系叶绿素荧光特性及其性状研究

对29个楸树无性系的生长性状(树高、胸径)、叶片性状(比叶重、叶片含水量)和叶绿素荧光参数(F(r)/Fm)等5个指标进行测定.结果表明:29个楸树无性系树高、胸径的平均值分别为6.12 m、6.48 cm;叶片比叶重为92.6 g/m2,含水量为0.7％;F(r)/Fm平均值为0.816.方差分析结果表明:5个指标在...     

洞庭湖区不同立地杨树生长规律研究

于洞庭湖区的岳阳市君山区、沅江市、临澧县、常德市鼎城区,选择2008年春造林的杨树人工林,按平原、滩地、丘陵平地与丘陵坡地4种立地类型设立标准样地,对洞庭湖区不同立地杨树的生长规律进行研究。结果表明:在平原、滩地、丘陵平地、丘陵坡地等4种立地,6年生杨树林的年均树高生长量分别为2.8m、2.3 m、2.6 m、1.5 m,年均胸径生长量分别为2.6 cm、2.6 cm、2.3 cm、1.9 cm,年均单株材积生长量分别为0.024 0 m3、0.018 0 m3、0.018 0 m3、0.006 3 m3,年均单位面积蓄积生长量分别为20.0 m3/hm2、15.5m3/hm2、15.5 m3/hm2、7.8 m3/hm2;4种立地以平原地的杨树生长最好,并且立地条件越好,杨树进入快速生长期也越早;在平原,6年生杨树的胸径生长已经因林分过密而放缓,但树高、单株材积、单位面积蓄积生长量都还处于快速生长期。     

元江县尾叶桉扦插苗造林适应性调查研究

对用尾叶桉扦插苗2001~2004年在元江县造林的林木进行胸径及树高生长调查及分析.结果表明:在490 m的低海拔干热河谷地区,4.5 a生尾叶桉的平均树高达20.1 m,年均高生长4.5 m;平均地径达22.8 cm,年均生长5.1 cm,其生长量均超过国家速生树种标准的4倍以上;在海拔1 100、430、800、1 500 m范围内,尾叶桉树高及胸径生长差异不显著,与海拔2 100 m和1 750 m生长的树木相比,差异达极显著水平,说明尾叶桉的适生海拔范围是430~1 500 m;在相同立地条件下,尾叶桉平均年树高生长量分别比兰桉、赤桉和柠檬桉高0.8、0.7和0.9 m,平均胸径生长量比兰桉、赤桉和柠檬桉高1.8、3.2和3.3 cm.     

8个杨树无性系1年生幼苗生长节律研究

为进一步选择伊犁州适生杨树无性系,采用随机区组试验,对8个杨树无性系1年生扦插苗进行苗高和地径的生长节律研究。结果表明:各无性系苗高和地径生长均为“S”形生长曲线,各无性系之间差异不显著;171、LX-1和TL-3的苗高年生长量均高于对照,分别为362.90、305.79和303.94 cm,较对照增加21.27%、2.19%和1.56%,TL-3和LX-1达到了显著水平,171达到了极显著水平;171、DX-08-8和TL-3的地径年生长量均高于对照,分别为2.26、1.93和1.92 cm,较对照增加36.90%、16.73%和16.33%,均达到极显著水平。无性系171和TL-3苗期在本地表现出较好的适应性,1年生苗年生长量均优于本地良种日本白杨。     

修枝对滩地杨树生长和养分的短期影响

以怀宁县皖河滩地杨树林为研究对象,对修枝前后林木与土壤中的养分含量进行了研究。结果表明：（1）一定修枝强度下,修枝对杨树的树高和胸径生长影响显著（P〈0．05）,但随着修枝强度增大对树高生长的影响是先增大后减小,而对胸径的影响是一直增大。（2）修枝会降低林地土壤全氮含量,但对土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷和钾含量影响不显著（P〉0．05）。（3）修枝对不同土层深度土壤养分影响不显著（P〉0．05）,但全氮、全磷、速效磷含量均随着土层深度的加深而逐渐减少,钾、钙、镁含量基本相同;同一修枝强度下,各种养分含量在不同方向基本持平,只有钙的含量在每个方向都是以轻度修枝最大。（4）植物各器官中,全氮含量以根最高,3种修枝强度下,随着年龄增大枝的全氮含量降低,根的全氮含量增加。同时,修枝对上部枝的全氮含量影响显著（P〈0．05）;修枝强度对中部枝和大于5mm根的全氮含量影响显著（P〈0．05）;修枝对植物各组分全磷含量影响不显著（P＞0．05）;除中部枝的钙含量在轻度修剪与强度修剪有显著差异外（P〈0．05）,修枝对植物钾、钙、镁的影响不显著（P〉0．05）,但随着枝的生长钾、钙、镁的含量有降低的趋势;随着根的生长,钾、钙、镁的含量变化规律不明显。     

杉木中幼龄林计量施肥校验研究

在测定土壤平衡解吸磷和土壤钾位缓冲容量的基础上，根据林木施肥的立地养分效应模型法，结合林分的目标生物量等，提出了中等立地条件下杉木中幼龄林的施肥量，并进行了校验试验．结果表明：中等立地条件下的杉木中幼龄林，单施氮肥对胸径和蓄积量生长有显著影响，但增大氮肥用量对生长无促进作用．单施磷肥虽有利于杉木胸径生长，但对杉木蓄积量生长无显著影响，增大磷肥的施用量对蓄积量的生长无促进作用．施用钾肥对杉木生长无显著促进作用．试验区杉木中幼龄林合适的施肥量是：氮１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，磷３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，钾１５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２．     

洞庭湖区欧美杨无性系选优试验研究

对16个杨树无性系树高、胸径、冠幅等指标进行了测量,也对周期性生长量变化作了测量,同时对杨树无性系的健康状况进行了调查。结果表明：在不同区域,16个欧美杨的成活率均值为54.87%;16个欧美杨在6个栽培区域地径和树高差异不大,除了11116和116地径差异波动较大,其他各无性系在地径和树高方面波动差异均不明显;通过试验处理及调查不同区域中16个欧美杨所表现的成活率、地径、树高、叶子病概率、溃疡病概率和木穴病概率特性,80号、1190号、131号、1233号、1171号、1227号、276号、11116号、139号和116号为杨树优良品种可作为进一步选育的材料。     

加杨插条苗对氮磷反应的研究

加杨插条苗对培养液中氮磷营养水平反应敏感,在不同营养条件下,苗木对氮磷钾营养元素吸收、体内氮磷比值(N/P)、水分代谢和蛋白质合成作用等,有不同反应,因而幼苗生长状况表现出较大差异。试验研究结果表明,培养液中氮200ppm、磷60ppm时,加杨插条苗生理指标反应较好,幼苗长势旺盛。     

Field performance of ten clones and two sizes of planting stock of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus deltoides</Emphasis> on the Indo-gangetic plains of India

A study was conducted from 1996 to 2001 on well drained sandy loam soils in the central plain region of Punjab to determine the effect of initial size of planting stock and clones of poplar (Populus deltoides) on their height, diameter and volume growth. Two categories of planting stock viz. large size (height >4.7 m and collar diameter >4.2 cm) and small size (height 2.5–4.3 m and collar diameter 2.5–4.0 cm) of ten poplar clones were used for the experiment using a completely randomized design with single tree plots and ten replications. The large sized stock attained significantly greater diameter and volume growth at all ages than those of small size, whereas, the superiority of the former in plant height was only up to 3 years of age. The respective differences for diameter and volume between the stock sizes decreased from 11.7 and 27.96% at 3 years to 4.9 and 11.42% at 5 years of age. Significant differences were observed among clones for all the growth parameters. Clones G-48, 3167, WSL-31 and WSL-38 exhibited the highest growth.     

橡胶林下铁力木和格木生长节律及栽培模式初步研究

以8 a橡胶林下定植1 a以后的铁力木和格木作为观测对象,对两个树种分别在3月、6月、9月、12月进行4次树高观测.结果发现两个树种树高的生长高峰期都是在6月～9月,此期间树高生长量最大,铁力木平均树高生长量为14.97 cm,格木平均树高生长量为34.65m,铁力木和格木生长表现最好的栽培模式为铁力木＋格木＋望天树.     

Clonal and Within-tree Variation in Microfibril Angle in Poplar Clones

The microfibril angle (MFA) of seven poplar clones was determined using X-ray diffraction technique. MFA was measured for every growth ring at breast height (1.3 m) for all sample trees, and at 0 (butt), 5.6, 9.6, 13.6, 17.6, 19.6 and 21.6 m for clone I-69, Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895. A total of 900 samples (chips) were assessed. Significant variation was observed among poplar clones and growth rings. Mean clonal MFAs at the breast height ranged from 15.2° to 21.0°. MFA at breast height varied from 7.8° to 28° between growth rings and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of declining angles. Disc-average microfibril angle in poplar clones declines rapidly from 0 to 5.6 m height, after which, it is near constant within tree height. Significant variation was also observed in disc-average MFA among tree heights. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between MFAs from rings 5 to 11 at breast height was significant, while whole-tree values of each growth ring were significantly correlated with the corresponding MFA at breast height. The results of this study provide some basis for genetic selection of poplar trees based on wood-quality criteria and for devising appropriate sampling strategies for MFA measurement.     

胡杨引种与嫁接技术研究

以山西省北部风沙区为胡杨引种试验区,以新疆北部的石河子和南部的库尔勒为种源地,进行引种和种源对比试验,以群众杨和旱柳为砧木进行胡杨炮捻嫁接繁育试验。结果表明：根据栽植成活率和生长量,石河子为适宜种源;群众杨和胡杨的亲和力很高,嫁接成活率最高达81%,平均成活率69.5%,群众杨是胡杨嫁接繁育的适宜砧木;炮捻嫁接扦插成活后,在封垄高度达到25 cm,垄内水分充足,地温和气温很高的第2年7月,形成自生根系。     

Effects of Cutting Density on Growth, Yield and Quality of Poplar Clone Seedlings

In order to identify the optimum cutting density for producing the highest number of plantable seedlings of poplar clones, a split-plot randomized block design was used to establish four cutting densities in plots. Based on data on the survival, leaf area, seedling height, caliper, and biomass of 1-year-old seedlings of clones Nanlin-95, Nanlin-895, Nanlin-1388 and NL-80351, the growth characteristics and seedling quality under four cutting densities were analyzed. Results indicated that the leaf area, stem and leaf biomass, and caliper of seedlings of all four poplar clones increased with the decrease in cutting density. Leaf area index reached its highest level at the spacing of 40 cm×40 cm, while the aboveground biomass of the seedling on an area basis increased as the cutting density increased. Seedling quality at low cutting density was higher than that at closer cutting density. The quantity of first-grade seedlings (grade I) for clones Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895 was achieved at the spacing of 40 cm×50 cm; for NL-1388 and NL-80351, it was 50 cm×50 cm. According to the seedling quality and the number of plantable seedlings produced, the suggested cutting density for these four poplar clones was 50,000 stems/hm².     

不同坡向坡位对毛竹林生长及土壤因子的影响

为了探明桃江地区不同坡向坡位对毛竹林生长及土壤因子的影响,对不同坡向坡位毛竹林生长情况调查,土壤因子分析以及毛竹林林分生长指标与土壤因子指标相关性进行分析,结果表明:阳坡地毛竹林林分生长较好,相比较阴坡地,立竹度高,平均胸径低,株高稍高,而枝下高相差不大,毛竹林的生长指标由上坡至下坡逐渐转好,坡向是影响立竹度和平均尖削度主效因子,而且坡位也是影响平均尖削度的显著因子,但是交互作用不明显;阳坡地毛竹林分生物量较大,毛竹凋谢物较多,土壤因子指标明显较高于阴坡地,该时期水解氮和全氮平均值分别达到了100 mg/kg左右和2 g/kg左右,土壤速效磷含量保持在8 mg/kg左右,土壤速效钾含量处于中等偏上的状态(高于60 g/kg),平均值在70 g/kg以上,下坡土壤因子指标含量明显高于上坡和中坡,坡向是影响速效磷和有机质的显著因子,坡位是影响速效钾的显著因子,是影响有机质的主效因子,两个影响因子在同一水平上交互作用不明显;水解氮与平均株高呈显著相关;速效磷与平均尖削度显著相关;速效钾与立竹度极显著相关,与平均株高显著相关,与平均胸径呈负显著相关;有机质与平均株高显著相关,与平均胸径负显著相关,与立竹度极显著相关。     

N、P肥对湿加松幼苗生长效应的研究

通过盆栽试验,采用尿素、过磷酸钙各4个水平共8个处理,研究N、P肥对湿加松幼苗的生长效应.结果表明,尿素和过磷酸钙均对湿加松生长有显著影响;各处理对湿加松地径生长的影响在9-12月差异显著,N-1处理地径最大,P-2处理次之;各处理对冠幅生长的影响在7-11月有显著差异,7月以N-2处理冠幅最大,8-11月则以P-2处理最大;各处理对苗高生长的影响差异不显著.对湿加松苗木生物量和植株N、P含量的分析表明,施用一定量的尿素、过磷酸钙可改善植株的养分状况,过量施用则不利于N、P的正常吸收;湿加松苗木最佳施肥组合是每株施尿素6g＋过磷酸钙30 g＋氯化钾15 g.     

Nitrogen mobilization, nitrogen uptake and growth of cuttings obtained from poplar stock plants grown in different N regimes and sprayed with urea in autumn

Nitrogen mobilization, nitrogen uptake and growth of cuttings obtained from poplar stock plants fertigated with different nitrogen (N) treatments and sprayed with urea in autumn were studied. Stock plants propagated from poplar cuttings were trained to a single shoot and fertigated with 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 mmol l(-1) N during the first growing season. In October, a subset of stock plants from each N fertigation treatment was sprayed twice with either 3% urea or water, and overwintered outside. In March, total tree biomass and total N concentration and content of stems were estimated for stock plants in each treatment, and cuttings were taken from the middle of each stock plant and stored in plastic bags at 2 degrees C. In mid-April, cuttings were planted in 7.5-l pots containing N-free medium and grown outdoors with a weekly fertigation with nutrient solution containing 0 or 10 mmol l(-1) 15NH4 15NO3. In mid-July, cuttings were harvested, and new shoot (new stems and leaves), shank (old cutting stem) and roots were analyzed for new biomass growth and total N and 15N content. Growth of stock plants was positively related to N supply in the previous growing season. Foliar urea application in autumn had no effect on subsequent stock plant growth even though urea sprays increased both N concentration and content in stem tissues. Biomass growth of cuttings obtained from stock plants was closely related to their N content when the cuttings were grown in an N-free medium regardless of previous treatments applied to the stock plants. When N was supplied in the growth medium, the strength of the relationship between regrowth and N content of cuttings was significantly reduced. Cuttings from stock plants treated with foliar urea and grown in a N-free medium remobilized between 75 and 82% of their total N for new growth, whereas cuttings from plants receiving no urea spray remobilized only between 60 and 69% of their total N for new growth. Current N fertilization of the cuttings reduced the percentage of N remobilized. We conclude that new growth of poplar cuttings in spring was more dependent on currently applied N than on reserve N, and urea N applied as a spray in autumn was more easily remobilized than N taken up by roots during the previous season.