境外森林资源合作信息库管理信息系统研建

针对境外森林资源数据管理现状,为实现管理的网络化和功能全面化,在全面分析国家林业局境外森林资源数据管理需求基础上结合现有境外森林资源数据的整理分析,设计开发了一个基于.net、地理信息系统（GIS）和Oracle数据库的境外森林资源管理信息系统.系统主要包括境外森林资源数据管理、林业专题数据统计分析、林业专题图制作和发布、数据结构分析和各国森林资源数量、质量及空间分布的全面展示等功能,并实现属性数据和空间数据的集成管理和关联.本研究以ArcGIS Sever 9.3为系统平台,以Oracle 10数据库为后台,采用C/S和B/S混合系统架构设计方法,以.net语言对WebGIS进行二次开发,使地理信息系统、数据库、硬件设备和应用软件无缝集成,确保异地数据集中管理、共享交互、网上发布;解决网络条件差时数据录入速度慢的问题;实现了森林资源信息的明确化、直观化和可视化,并能与其它林业专题系统的数据交换和功能对接等,构建起一个科学、高效、网络化和功能完善的境外森林资源合作信息库管理信息系统,为我国科学合理地开发利用国外森林资源进行宏观决策、制定对外策略提供专业数据和平台支撑,也为涉外林业企业提供基础资料和政策导向.     

基于空间数据库的林地保护利用规划

为实现动态管理贵州省林地保护利用规划数据,构建空间地理信息技术设计贵州省林地保护利用规划中的应用流程,建立贵州省林地保护利用规划空间数据库建设的方法技术。以贵州省林地保护利用规划为例,开发基于ArcSDE的Geodatabase地理数据模型,该成果已用于贵州省林地保护利用规划的研究和编制,并可为全国林地保护利用规划数据管理提供支持。结果表明：空间数据库的建设能改善贵州省林地保护利用规划中由于林地分散地域范围广、数据量极大而带来的信息利用问题。     

贵阳市森林资源管理地理信息系统的设计与实现

基于GIS技术、数据库技术及B/S、C/S相结合的体系结构,针对当前贵阳市森林资源数据容量大、类别多的现状,设计开发了用于森林资源空间数据的入库、管理和应用的地理信息系统,提高了森林资源数据管理的安全性和高效性,有利于促进贵阳市森林资源数据规范化、科学化管理。文中介绍了系统的技术架构及空间数据之间的关系,阐述系统功能框架、空间数据管理与应用以及系统功能实现。     

基于网络环境的海量林业资源数据GIS组织技术

以海量林业资源数据为研究对象,论述了基于福建省林业政务信息网络环境的全省林业资源数据GIS组织的技术方法和实现过程。通过分析海量林业资源数据的特点,探讨了GIS系统组织结构、空间数据预处理及加载、数据无缝与多尺度管理、ArcSDE空间数据库、空间数据库设计与配置、数据交换等关键技术。应用结果表明,所建立的数据仓库在网络上能够方便、快速地被客户端所调用,满足了全省林业资源数据管理的需要。     

基于Oracle Spatial的水土保持监测空间数据管理方法

水土保持监测工作中包含了大量的空间数据,如何科学、合理、有效地组织管理这些空间数据和属性数据,促进水土保持的信息化和现代化建设,成为水土保持监测工作迫切需要解决的问题。本文以水土保持工作中的空间数据作为研究对象,分析比较了几种空间数据管理的方法,采用基于Oracle 9i数据库平台的Oracle Spatial存储水土保持空间数据,实现了水土保持空间数据和属性数据的一体化存储和管理。     

辽宁省森林资源档案的管理和更新

文章回顾了国内外森林资源管理现状,介绍了主流的森林资源管理和更新技术手段,从数字林业标准建立、基础数据库建设、森林资源管理系统建设和森林资源数据更新等方面说明辽宁省森林资源数据管理和更新方法,并总结了森林资源管理存在的问题和挑战及未来发展趋势。     

基于网络的机床产品数据管理系统的设计研究

机床产品开发过程中存在着大量的数据需要进行有序地管理。本文在分析机床产品数据管理系统功能的基础上,建立了系统的总体框架,研究其所涉及的关键技术。通过网络实现有关功能,为机床产品协同数字化管理提供技术支持。     

关于森林资源档案管理和更新的探讨

本文介绍了森林资源档案管理的内容和主流的管理和更新技术,从数字林业标准建立、基础数据库建设、森林资源管理系统建设和森林资源数据更新等方面阐述了辽宁省森林资源数据管理和更新现状,总结了森林资源档案管理存在的问题,并指出了提升建议。     

地理信息系统在森林资源管理中应用的研究

针对目前林业生产建设和发展的需要,以迎春林业局为例,利用GIS软件ArcView、数据库软件Foxpro、图象处理软件Photoshop等工具,阐述了森林资源图形数据和属性数据的录入方法,以及建立迎春林业局森林资源信息管理系统的过程,实现了该地区森林资源数据管理的计算机化。     

数据库全屏编辑方法

微机在森林资源管理上的应用已经全面铺开,我们在使用吉林省森林资源数据管理系统过程中,初步发现有不便利之处。如对数据库原始数据的修改必须在dBASE///状态下直接操作,而数据库每条(小班)记录中,有22个字段是用代码表示的,既不直观,又易出错。而实际工作中这项修改工作     

无卷筒离合器的轻型绞盘机设计

为适应我国山地丘陵多、坡度陡和绞盘机作业强度大、维护不便等特点,提升绞盘机的操作性和转运能力,设计了一种无卷筒离合器的轻型绞盘机,阐述了绞盘机总体布置方案和工作原理,设计了采用齿轮传动的新型选筒机构,取代传统绞盘机的卷筒离合器,传动可靠,制造工艺简单,对选筒机构的花键轴和齿轮进行了强度校核,并对绞盘机传动系统的主要零部件进行了选型与设计,利用Matlab对绞盘机卷筒进行了轻量化优化设计,利用Solidworks进行了卷筒三维建模和有限元分析。结果表明,优化后的卷筒强度满足要求。该绞盘机采用新型的选筒机构,结构紧凑,安全可靠,整机轻量化程度高,便于运输,操作简便,可以有效提升绞盘机的工作效率。     

市长谎言将谁推向深渊？

9月22日，由国家环保总局、国家发改委和监察部等国务院七部委组成的“整治违法排污企业，保障群众健康环保专项行动”督查组（第六组）到达贵州省六盘水市。在当日上午的专题汇报会上，六盘水市副市长叶大川表示，“六盘水市中心城区空气质量常年稳定达到国家二级标准，城市空气质量为贵州省9地市最好”；“在六盘水境内没有任何煤化工企业”；“水源保护区也没有任何工业企业”。但国务院督查组在调查后发现，这些说法并不属实。督查组发现六盘水野马寨发电厂未履行相关程序擅自开工建设投产，不少矿区存在水污染隐患，有些甚至已经污染了饮用水源。     

Analysis of a Concept

Abstract

As a measure of tree crowdedness, density is a relative concept and, therefore, requires two quantities for its definition, one of which is specific to each forest stand and the other is a standard common to all stands of a given species. This conclusion follows from both the semantics of “density” and the need for a single variable to describe the tree environment where effects of competition among trees are paramount. Each of the quantities should be a function of tree number per unit area and their average diameter. This function should be derived from processes affecting availability of resources such as shading. This measure should conform with our perception of tree crowdedness (understocked, fully stocked, overstocked), a quality absent in the two most popular measures, number of trees and basal area.     

市长谎言将谁推向深渊?

9月22日,由国家环保总局、国家发改委和监察部等国务院七部委组成的“整治违法排污企业,保障群众健康环保专项行动”督查组(第六组)到达贵州省六盘水市。在当日上午的专题汇报会上,六盘水市副市长叶大川表示,“六盘水市中心城区空气质量常年稳定达到国家二级标准,城市空气质量为贵州省9地市最好”;“在六盘水境内没有任何煤化工企业”;“水源保护区也没有任何工业企业”。但国务院督查组在调查后发现,这些说法并不属实。督查组发现六盘水野马寨发电厂未履行相关程序擅自开工建设投产,不少矿区存在水污染隐患,有些甚至已经污染了饮用水源。作…     

Carbon dioxide exchange of a larch forest after a typhoon disturbance

A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO₂ flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m² m⁻² in 2006 and 3.9 m² m⁻² in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO₂ fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m⁻² (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m⁻² (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m⁻² to −80 ± 30 gC m⁻², which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (P_max) decreased from 30–45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 8–12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI.     

基于单片机的人造板连续平压热压机分布式温度控制系统的开发

针对连续平压热压机信号分布广、实时性强等特点,利用单片机,开发一种分布式温度控制系统.描述系统的网络架构、硬件组成、软件设计及抗干扰设计方法.系统采用分层分布式模式,结合模块化设计方法,实现连续平压热压机运行过程温度信号的分散采集、实时监测与级联控制.     

Spatial pattern of a plant community in a wetland ecosystem in a semi-arid region in northwestern China

The spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in a wetland-dry grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions in northwestern China and the main factors affecting the distribution pattern were studied. The Siertan wetland in the Haba Lake Nature Reserve was the study area. Four transect lines, each about 1 km long, were set up in the growing season along the biotope gradient in four directions: east, northeast, west and northwest. Attributes measured include frequency of occurrence, height, density, coverage, biomass and environmental soil factors. The data were analyzed using a two-way indicative species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and Spearman correlation coefficients. On this basis, the vegetation in the Siertan wetland was classified into three types and 14 associations. The first vegetation type was halophytic marsh vegetation, mainly distributed in the wetland zone. This type largely contains halophyte and hygric plants and its representative association is Phragmites communis + Kalidium foliatum. The second type was meadow vegetation, distributed in the ecotone. The meadow vegetation species are mainly mesophytic and their representative association is Nitraria tangutorum + Pennisetum flaccidum. The third vegetation type is grassland vegetation, which mainly consists of mesophytic and xerophytes, distributed in the arid grassland zone. The representative association of the third vegetation type is the association of Anaeurolepidium secalium + Saussurea runcinata. Correlation analysis between the axes of DCA and environmental soil factors shows that soil moisture content, organic matter, soil salt content and total nitrogen are the main environmental factors affecting the pattern of vegetation distribution along the biotope gradients from wetland to arid grassland. Other factors affecting the vegetation are microtopography and grazing pressure. Additionally, we have reported modifications and improvements to the importance value methodology. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(1): 6–13 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

The Faustmann model as a model for a forestry of prices

The relation between the Faustmann model and “a forestry of prices” as a concept of thought was examined. At first, the meaning of the Faustmann model in economic sciences is the explanation of allocation and distribution by prices. The rotation age determination plays a secondary role only. Secondly, “a forestry of prices” as an application of the “free to choose” way of thinking is explained. The concept allows us to understand how individuals of anonymous groups achieve forest sustainability and provide forest environmental goods. Thirdly, the relation between the Faustmann model and “a forestry of prices” is discussed. For this purpose, the Faustmann model is described as a scientific laboratory. It helps us to observe how equilibrium arises as a non-intended result of individual welfare maximization in anonymous interactions. And conversely with the help of “a forestry of prices”, we understand also that the individual maximization approach of the Faustmann model re-enacts the unintended interaction situations in anonymous group. With help of the Faustmann model, we can understand deep aspects of “a forestry of prices”. Vice versa, “a forestry of prices” shows the meaning of the formal solutions of the Faustmann model.     

Nitrogen budget of a rehabilitated forest on a degraded granitic hill

Rehabilitated forests established about 100 years ago on denuded lands in a hilly granitic area are widespread in the Kyoto–Osaka area, the second largest megalopolis in Japan. From 2001 to 2003, we monitored the annual nitrogen (N) budget of a rehabilitated forest watershed dominated by Quercus serrata and Ilex pedunculosa. The ion concentrations of bulk rain in the watershed were similar to those of other watersheds in Japan. The annual bulk rain input of N ranged from 5.1 to 6.3 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and the N deposition from throughfall and stem-flow ranged from 7.5 to 8.2 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Estimated annual outputs of N from the stream ranged from 3.3 to 10.6 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. These results indicate that the amount of N deposition in this area is less than that in urban Tokyo (>10 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), but the N output of the watershed is comparable with that of the Tokyo area. We discuss the characteristics of N dynamics in rehabilitated forests, focusing on the biogeochemical processes of this watershed.