不同起源酸枣木材纤维形态和化学成分的差异

通过对两种不同起源(人工林和天然林)酸枣木材纤维形态和化学成分的测定和比较分析，结果表明：酸枣人工林木材纤维长度和长宽比小于天然林，宽度大于天然林；纤维素、戊聚糖和木素的含量均稍高于天然林，灰分和抽出物含量均低于天然林。     

闽楠天然林与人工林木材物理力学性质研究

对闽楠人工林和天然林木材物理和力学性质进行了测定和比较分析,结果表明:闽楠天然林木材气干密度和全干密度分别为0.721 g.cm-3和0.680 g.cm-3,人工林木材气干密度和全干密度分别为0.572 g.cm-3和0.535 g.cm-3,闽楠天然林木材密度大于人工林且差异达到极显著水平,但人工林木材密度变异系数却小于天然林。闽楠人工林和天然林木材气干状态下体积干缩率分别为4.935%和6.439%,全干状态下分别为9.330%和11.376%,闽楠人工林木材的尺寸稳定性稍差于天然林,但从木材的差异干缩来看,闽楠天然林和人工林相近,分别为1.75和1.76。闽楠天然林木材端面、径面和弦面硬度分别为7 583 N、6 183 N和6 625 N,稍大于人工林,但差异不显著。闽楠天然林与人工林旋切板背面裂隙率分别为53%和67%,单板厚度的偏差人工林和天然林分别为0.08mm和0.09 mm。由此可知,发展闽楠人工林可以得到质量与闽楠天然林相近的板材。     

乐昌含笑人工林和天然林木材物理性质的比较

针对目前对乐昌含笑木材物理性质研究很少的现实 ,通过对乐昌含笑人工林和天然林木材物理性质的测定和分析 ,探讨乐昌含笑人工林和天然林木材物理性质及其差异和利用途径。结果表明 :乐昌含笑天然林木材生材密度 0 76 6g/cm3 ,基本密度为 0 4 2 0g/cm3 。乐昌含笑人工林木材生材密度 0 70 6g/cm3 ,基本密度为 0 382g/cm3 ,均小于乐昌含笑天然林木材 ;乐昌含笑天然林木材径向干缩系数、弦向、体积干缩系数和差异干缩分别为0 0 89、0 2 0 6、0 30 0和 2 32 ,乐昌含笑人工林木材径向干缩系数、弦向和体积干缩系数分别为 0 0 77、0 2 0 9和 0 2 97,说明乐昌含笑人工林木材的尺寸稳定性小于乐昌含笑天然林木材。乐昌含笑天然林木材作为家具及室内装饰用材具有轻质、易加工、变形小等优点。     

中国人工林展望:林木培育、木材质量及其合理利用(英文)

随着天然林保护工程的实施 ,我国木材资源结构正在进行由主要利用天然林木材到利用人工林木材的转变 .由于人工林木材所含幼龄材比例相当高 ,木材资源结构的变化反过来必将对我国的木材加工工业及林产品工业带来一系列影响 .该文综述了我国木材资源的现状 ,比较了人工林幼龄材与天然林成熟材的木材基本特性 ,探讨了人工林木材性质特征与营林培育的关系 ,阐述了木材质量与不同最终用途之间的关系 ,并对加强开展人工林木材性质的研究提出了几点建议     

枫香人工林和天然林木材物理力学性质比较

通过对枫香人工林和天然林木材物理力学性质的测定和比较分析 ,结果表明 :枫香天然林木材物理力学性能略优于人工林 ,而木材物理力学性质的均匀性略差于人工林 ;经差异显著性t检验表明 :枫香人工林和天然林木材物理力学性质指标中除径面顺纹抗剪强度和抗劈力差异显著外 ,其余指标差异不显著     

贵州马尾松人工林木材物理力学性质研究

本文对贵州林科院试验林场生长的人工林马尾松木材物理力学性质进行了测定，并与贵州产45年树龄的天然林木材的主要强度指标作了比较。结果表明：人工林马尾松木材基本密度、全干缩率、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量在幼龄材与成熟材之间存在显著差异。而人工林与天然林之间的木材密度和主要强度指标差异不大。     

中国主要人工林树种幼龄材与成熟材及人工林与天然林木材性质比较研究

本文对中国１０种人工林和４种天然林的幼龄材与成熟材及４个树种的人工林木材与天然林木材的构造特征、化学性质、物理性质、力学性质的３３项材性指标差异进行了比较研究。结果表明,在幼龄材与成熟材之间,在统计上表现出差异显著性的为幼龄材比成熟材生长轮宽,管胞列数多,管胞短,直径小,微纤丝角大,密度小,径向干缩小,差异干缩大,流体扩散性高,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、径面顺纹抗剪强度、径面抗劈力和冲击韧性低等１５项,即４６％的测试项目差异显著;表明在木材加工和用作结构材时应将幼龄材和成熟材视作两个性质不同的总体来考虑,在培育结构材时应研究如何缩短幼年期或改善幼年期材性。在人工林与天然林木材之间,采取人工林幼龄材性质与天然林幼龄材性质相比,人工林成熟材性质与天然林成熟材性质相比,结果表明,多数性质在统计上差异不显著,只有人工林木材比天然林木材胞壁率小、顺纹抗压强度低、差异干缩大、流体扩散性高等４项,即只有１２％的很少数测试项目差异显著;表明有可能通过人工培育的方法培育出与天然林木材性质相近的木材。     

檫树人工林早期生长表现及影响因子浅析

对营建在福建省福鼎后坪国有林场吴洋工区的檫树人工林进行抽样调查分析表明,檫树人工林树高生长在样地间和个体间的差异均达到极显著水平,土壤立地、局部气候条件和基因型对檫树生长均有显著影响。对人工林进行施肥试验的结果表明,施钙镁磷肥比施复合肥的效果更好,树高、胸径和冠幅的总体平均值分别比施复合肥的增加了20.7%、18.4%和19.7%,采用适宜的施肥处理方案,可以有效地提高檫树人工林早期树高、胸径和冠幅等的生长,减少抚育管理成本,提高檫树人工林的经济效益。     

由对天然林的关注而产生的转变

澳大利亚：对澳大利亚西部森林工业的研究发现，其一半木制产品来自天然林。澳大利亚林业合作研究中心的一份报告显示，目前木材工业上使用的一半木材来自天然林，22％来自人工林阔叶材，其余的28％来自针叶树人工林。西蒙博士对仍在使用天然林木材的人数感到惊讶，但表示也有明显的从使用天然林木材到人工林木材的转变。调查中发现，森林工业现在变化相当迅速，对天然森林的关注已使人工林种植业产生越来越多的就业机会。     

森林—人工林—可持续发展

人工林木材成为研究的热点木材是当今世界四大材料(钢铁、水泥、塑料、木材)中惟一可再生的。人工林木材与来自天然林的木材相比优势在于:在实施 SFM(森林可持续经营)后,天然林木材在培育和采伐方面成本都高于人工林,而人工林受SFM 的影响较少,尤其在生物多样性方面;特别是人工林可以选择合适的地点,使林地靠近用户,减少运输成本。人工林木材在 SFM 和资源供应方面的优势表明了     

幼龄材范围的确定及树木生长速率对幼龄材生长量的影响

本文以杉木、日本落叶松的人上林和天然林木材为对象，选择ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｌｎｘ回归模式。利用其管胞特征因子随年轮数的变化，研究划分幼龄材年轮界限的最适因子，并就生长速率对幼龄材生长量的影响进入了探讨。结果表明：杉木和日本落叶松的人工林及天然林木的管胞特征值在径向水平上的变化均遵循ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｌｎｘ模式，尤其管胞长度与年轮数回归的相关系数Ｒ均达０．９８以上；管胞长度与管胞宽度及纤丝用相比，遗传率最大，随年轮数变化的模式最稳定，是划分幼龄材界限的最佳因子，由此得出杉木人工林幼龄材界限年轮为２０－２２（距髓心距离为１２．９－１３．２ｃｍ）、天然林为１６－１８（４．１－４．５ｃｍ），日本落叶松人工林为１９－２３（８．７－１０．５ｃｍ）、天然林为２３－２４（２．９－３．１ｃｍ）；幼龄材生长量与树木生长速率成正比。     

Influence of prior land use on wood quality of Pinus radiata in New South Wales,Australia

Wood quality data from 33 sites aged between 15 and 18 years old were analysed to determine the effect of prior land use (pasture, cleared grazing land or timber) on wood density, wood stiffness, fibre length and kraft pulp yield. Sampling sites covered 6 different forest areas within the estate. Prior land use (PLU) significantly affected wood stiffness, density and fibre length but not the kraft pulping traits. In contrast, differences were found between different forest areas for the kraft pulping traits plus fibre length but not for stiffness or density.     

Modelling the distribution of wood properties along the stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) as affected by silvicultural management

In this work, empirical ring-based models were developed to predict the distribution of early wood percentage, wood density and fibre length along the stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) as affected by silvicultural management. The performance of the ring-based models was also compared for Scots pine and Norway spruce with corresponding disc-based (cross-sectional) models. Moreover, both models were integrated with example simulations by a process-based growth and yield model to analyze how management, such as thinning, affects the growth and wood properties of Scots pine trees over a rotation as an average for the tree stem, but also along the stem.The ring-based models built for annual early wood percentage (explained by ring width), air dry wood density (explained by early wood percentage and cambial age) and fibre length (explained by radial growth percentage and cambial age) predicted reasonably well the wood properties both at an intra-ring level, but also at a cross-sectional level. These predictions were also reasonably well in line with corresponding cross-sectional predictions by the disc-based models (which predicted the properties based on the number of annual rings and diameter at breast height and/or the cross-section being considered and temperature sum). The example simulations also demonstrated that both models predicted slightly lower wood density for dominant trees compared to dominated ones grown in thinned and unthinned Scots pine stands over a rotation. Unlike the disc-based model, the ring-based model predicted, on average, higher early wood percentage in dominant trees than in dominated ones. However, fibre length was not significantly affected when the averages of the whole stems were predicted, and this held true for both ring- and disc-based models.In summary, the incorporation of empirical ring-based wood property models into a process-based growth and yield model, offers a means to study in detail how environmental conditions, forest structure and management affect the quantity and properties of stem wood produced over a rotation. The disc-based wood property models used in this work are based on data with large geographical and genetic variation, and therefore may turn out to be more applicable for predicting future wood and fibre resources at a regional and national level. This kind of integrated use of wood property models with a process-based growth and yield model could help us to evaluate the forest resources under current and changing climate.     

火炬松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异及选择

对1988年营造的火炬松36个半同胞家系测定林的研究结果表明：树高、胸径、材积、木材密度、纤维素含量、管胞长度和宽度等生长和木材性状在家系间有显著的差异，具有较高的遗传力。生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制，树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系，木材基本密度、纤维素含量、管胞长度、管胞宽度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此，利用约束和无约束选择指数，根据纸浆材的要求，进行生长和材性联合选择，评选出82-51、82-89、82-22、82-32、82-5、84-6、82-64、85-32、83-19等9个家系为纸浆材优良家系。     

中国木材市场现状、存在问题和发展建议

介绍了中国木材市场供需和进口现状及发展趋势。建议发展木结构房屋和铁路杨木枕木等以人工林为主要原料的木材制品,改变消费观念,促进人造板工业发展,调整人造板消费结构,扩大在建筑方面的应用,以木材工业的发展促进林业的发展。提出扩大非公有制人工林发展,大力进口俄罗斯木材和新西兰木材,以弥补国产木材不足。并建议适当减少热带阔叶木材进口,以保护全球生态环境。     

中国木材科学研究与国家目标

我国是个少林国家,木材长期供不应求,现木材年缺口量已达到5000万m3,随着天然林保护工程的实施,木材供求矛盾势将更加突出。发展人工林,高效利用人工林是缓解木材供求矛盾的根本途径。加强木材科学基础研究是实现人工林定向培育和高效利用的前提。中国木材科学研究必须与保护天然林、发展并高效利用人工林这一重大国家目标相结合,适应木材资源结构的变化,突破木材材性研究传统内涵,开创新的外延,实行一个中心,两个结合的战略研究对策,以人工林木材性质研究为中心,以其与营林培育和加工利用关系研究为主攻方向,开展科学研究,为人工林林木定向培育和木材资源高效利用提供科学基础。     

不同地理种源的人工林长白落叶松木材材性的研究

参照国家木材物理力学试验方法标准对采自东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场的15年生人工林长白落叶松不同地理种源的试材,测定了气干密度、年轮宽度、晚材率、硬度、管胞长度、管胞长宽比等参数;并通过综合评估分析处理试验数据。鉴于落叶松主要作工程用材和制浆用材,从木材材性角度评价地理种源的优劣,旨在为速生人工林木的定向培育提供科学依据。     

泡桐无性系CO20木材性质与利用研究

在四川省资中县集约栽培的试验林内采集了泡桐无性系CO20和泡桐各五株进行了多项试验研究。证实了泡桐无性系CO20的木材纤维长度、微纤丝角和纤维素的相对结晶度优于泡桐;综纤维素、α-纤维素以及木材物理力学的主要性能指标低于泡桐。制浆得率低。浆张物理性能接近或燬过两种相思树木材指标。     

我省引种的任豆木材纤维形态初步研究

试验表明：任豆（Ｚｅｎｉａｉｎｓｉｇｎｉｓｃｈａｎ）的木材纤维形态具有明显的阔叶材特征。其纤维平均长度为１．０１ｍｍ,纤维宽度为２３．１μｍ,长宽比为４３．７;其纤维素含量达５０．１１％,属于高含量的范畴,而木素含量为２２．０１％,则在中等水平。     

Methods for the determination of wood properties,Kraft pulp yield and wood fibre dimensions on small wood samples.

A trial set-up with methods for sampling, treatment and analysis of small wood chips are presented in this paper, to determine important wood and fibre properties, like basic density, dry density, volume swelling of wood, Kraft pulp yield, fibre length, fibre coarseness, fibre width, lumen width and fibre wall thickness. The required time for one sample is about 1.5 man-hour, but this requires relatively larger series and trained personnel. Acceptable measurement accuracy is achieved when the volume of the wood sample is at least 1.5 ml, except that of wood volume swelling. To gain acceptable measurement accuracy for volume swelling, the wood volume should be increased to at least 3 ml, and preferably more than 5–6 ml per sample. The level of pulp yield and wood density do not show a significant effect on the measurement accuracy for fibre cross-section dimensions. Fibre coarseness, on the other hand, has a significant influence on these accuracies. A double measurement of fibre coarseness will improve the accuracy to an acceptable level. The method presented here may, together with information about trees and growth locations, form the basis for greater insight into the mechanisms involved in development of wood and fibre properties in trees, which in turn may provide better control and utilisation of wood for pulp and paper production.Abbreviations CWD cell wall density in dry wood=1500 kg/m³ - Ww dry weight of wood (kg) - Vmax green (wet) volume of wood (m³) - Vmin dry volume of wood (m³) - BD basic wood density (kg/m³) - DD dry wood density (kg/m³) - VS maximum volume swelling of wood (%) - Wp dry weight of pulp (kg) - PY pulp yield (%) - C fibre coarseness, the average weight of a unit length of fibre (g/m) - CL average chip length (mm) - CWT average cell wall thickness (m) - FW average fibre width (m) - l average native fibre length in solid wood - L chip length - lc average fibre length in wood chip (mm) - Lc length-weighted fibre length in wood chip (mm) - lw native average fibre length in wood (mm) - Lw native length-weighted fibre length in wood (mm) - LW average lumen width (m) - llw average native fibre length, length weighted, in wood - X average fibre length in chip - Xlw average fibre length, length weighted, in chip