朝阳地区石质山地夏季大苗造林灌草覆盖试验

针对朝阳地区薄层土石质山地,在遭受百年不遇大旱的2009年,开展夏季栽植7年生侧柏和5年生油松大苗试验。结果表明,采用灌草覆盖技术的试验区与对照区比较,侧柏和油松的造林成活率和保存率提高61％～72％;对照区成活率和保存率为36％～11％,需重新造林。试验区灌草覆盖层下形成的绿肥对新植幼树生长将起到一定的促进作用。     

皖东石质丘陵造林试验研究初报

５年的试验研究结果表明，土壤厚度、整地穴规格、适栽树种、造林用苗、抚育方法等都对石质丘陵造林成活率和保存率产生影响。土层越厚幼林保存率越高；整地穴规８０×８０×７０ｃｍ的造林平均保存率９６％，比整地穴规４０×４０×３０ｃｍ的造林保存率高２０％，比铲草皮后边挖小明穴边造林保存率高３７％；栽植火炬松容器苗幼林保存率７６．２％，比栽植火炬松裸根苗保存率高１７．２％；全面松土除草或以耕代抚幼林平均保存率９３％，比株周圆块状、规格为１００×１００ｃｍ抚育保存率高７．４％     

镇安县油茶造林试验

在镇安县采取单因素设计,进行了不同栽植时间和整地方式对油茶栽植成活率、保存率及幼树生长量影响试验,结果为栽植时间对栽植成活率、保存率、幼树生长量均有影响,其中秋季栽植最有利,其次为初冬栽植,春季栽植效果最不好;穴状整地在成活率、保存率、幼树生长量方面的表现都优于全面整地。建议镇安县栽植油茶适宜于在秋季,采取穴状整地方式。     

湿地松不同整地方式造林效益分析

研究了不同整地方式对湿地松生长及造林效益的影响，结果表明：不同整地方式影响到幼树的栽植当年和栽植第2年的新梢生长量、地径生长、苗木的保存率。5种整地方式中SPA方式整地后的幼树栽植当年和栽植第2年的新梢生长量和苗木保存率最高，而用SPE整地后的栽植翌年地径生长量最大。整地方式不同而导致造林成本产生显著差异。SPE和SPA整地方式总投入最高，SPC和SPD最低。     

容器苗造林效果调查

以山西常见的造林树种油松、侧柏为主,采用容器苗造林。并在造林成活率和保存率,造林初期幼树的生长和缓苗,容器苗与裸根苗的实际造林成本3个方面进行比较。阐述了容器苗造林的效果,提出了容器苗造林中应注意的几个技术问题。     

福建柏不同整地方式林分生长效果分析

通过对福建柏采用不同整地方式进行造林对比试验,结果表明：不同整地方式影响到栽植当年和翌年的新梢生长量、地径生长量和苗木保存率。5种整地方式中：处理A方式整地后的幼树栽植当年和翌年的新梢生长量和苗木保存率最高,而采用处理D方式整地后,幼树翌年地径生长量最大。     

落叶松容器苗与裸根苗造林效果的试验

容器苗造林成活率和幼树生长都高于裸根苗,是因为容器苗根系带土,栽植后缓苗时间短,有利于树苗高和径的生长。对于成活率较高、适应性较强的落叶松应用容器苗造林如何?我们于1982年进行了落叶松容器苗与裸根苗的造林试验,现得结果报告如下。     

橄榄种籽直播栽植速生技术

橄榄种籽直播栽植速生技术目前橄榄繁殖比较先进的技术，主要是采用半年生塑料袋实生苗栽植２～３年时间再采取幼树嫁接，这样既保证了营养袋栽植保存率高，幼树嫁接成活率好，又使嫁接植株生长快结果早。但采用半年生营养袋苗木种植，至少要２周年时间（含苗龄）才能进行...     

迭部林区云杉人工幼林间株改造技术研究

对云杉人工幼林进行"间株"改造,将抚育间伐的对象切根带土挖出来,并用其进行人工造林。结果表明:改造后的人工林平均树高、平均胸径分别比对照提高24.3%和20.1%;带母土栽植保存率95.4%,裸根栽植保存率40.6%;幼树更新成活率与其栽植时高度无明显关系;云杉人工幼林的"间株"改造及幼树更新,具有明显的经济效益,可在林区推广应用。     

五角枫困难地造林配套技术研究

在浅山丘陵区粗麻骨石荒地及中低山以上的宜林荒山造林困难地,选择耐旱耐瘠薄树种五角枫容器苗造林。通过不同整地方式、不同栽植方法、不同保墒措施等综合性技术进行对比试验,探讨五角枫困难地造林配套技术。通过对比分析,翼状鱼鳞坑整地较鱼鳞坑整地成活率提高11. 1%,保存率提高11. 9%,较穴状整地成活率提高20. 7%,保存率提高18. 3%;截干深栽造林比截干正常栽植成活率提高10. 2%,比全株造林成活率提高28. 9%,当年新梢生长量比截干正常栽植提高22. 2 cm,比全株造林栽植提高45. 1 cm;4种保墒方法中,盖枯叶压石保墒方法造林成活率最高,为94. 6%,比覆盖地膜、施保水剂、对照分别提高9%、18%、40%,苗高净增长比对照提高35%。翼状鱼鳞坑整地+截干深栽造林+盖枯叶压石保墒为五角枫困难地造林最佳配套技术。     

开心果芽接育苗试验

经过3年(次)连续进行春、夏、秋季芽接开心果的试验,结果表明:夏季接活率比春季高18.0个百分点,比秋季高42.7个百分点;春季接活率比秋季高24.7个百分点,秋季接活率仅为34.0%。夏季芽接后到成活需要8d,春季需要半月,秋季所需更长。夏接可比春季多繁育1/3倍的果苗,比秋接多1.25倍;春接比秋接多2/3倍。以夏接为主、春接次之繁育开心果,可早接多育果苗,扩大栽植开心果面积,加快开心果示范园的建设步伐。     

Early season short-day treatment did not affect the field performance of Pinus sylvestris container seedlings in summer planting

Abstract

When Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings are short-day (SD) treated in May or early June, height growth ceases but seedlings reflush within a few weeks and grow secondary needles (later referred to as early SD treatment). These “2-year-old-like” seedlings have been thought to be more stress tolerant than traditional 1-year-old pine seedlings, and thus suitable for summer and autumn plantings. To test this, seedlings sown in April were early SD treated over a 3-week period from the beginning of June and the seedlings were planted at 10-day intervals from the beginning of July until the end of September, and also during the following spring. Neither survival nor height growth of early SD-treated seedlings differed from untreated (1-year-old) seedlings. Moreover, for both early SD-treated seedlings and 1-year-old seedlings, those planted in summer grew and survived better after planting but had more multiple leaders than seedlings planted in autumn or spring.     

Root Egress and Field Performance of Actively Growing Betula pendula Container Seedlings

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of enlarging the planting window of container-grown silver birch seedlings from spring and autumn to summer by planting young, actively growing seedlings. For over 3 yrs the study investigated the growth, survival and damage of silver birch seedlings grown in containers and planted at different times during the growing season on 18 sites in fields and forest sites in central Finland. In a pot experiment in the greenhouse, the root-egress ability of seedlings planted at different times during the growing season was monitored. Root egress of seedlings was rapid from the beginning of July to the middle of August. Actively growing seedlings planted in summer on a site suitable for silver birch grew and survived at least as well as seedlings planted in spring during the dormant stage. The risk of drought stress increased when seedlings were planted on easily drying, coarse sandy soils. The risk was also high in soils with high levels of fine soil fractions that become hard when dry and when the dry period continued for several weeks before planting. In conclusion, it is possible to enlarge the planting window of birch seedlings to July and the beginning of August by using actively growing container seedlings.     

Seasonal photosynthetic responses to light and temperature in white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings planted under an aspen (Populus tremuloides) canopy and in the open

Photosynthetic light and temperature response curves were measured seasonally in seedlings of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) grown for two years in the understory of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) or in the open in central Alberta. Light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis, the optimum temperature for net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, photochemical efficiency, and stomatal and mesophyll conductances increased from spring to summer and declined thereafter, whereas dark respiration rate and compensation and saturation points were highest in spring. Depression of photosynthetic parameters was greater in open-grown seedlings than in understory seedlings during the periods in spring and autumn when night frosts were common. Net photosynthetic rates were similar in understory and open-grown seedlings in summer, but they were significantly lower in open-grown seedlings in spring and autumn. Significantly lower transpiration rates and stomatal conductances in open-grown seedlings than in understory seedlings were also observed at 15 and 25 degrees C in the autumn. Shoot and needle growth were less in open-grown seedlings than in understory seedlings. In summer, when irradiances were low in the aspen understory, understory white spruce seedlings maintained a positive carbon balance by decreasing their compensation and saturation points and increasing their photochemical efficiency compared to spring and autumn.     

山地景区绿化栽植大侧柏最佳季节的试验

用相同的造林方法,在山地景区栽植大侧柏,最佳季节为雨季7~8月份,这时期雨水充足,缓苗快,不仅造林成活率高,而且成活后,生长状况也优于春、秋两季,且造林施工方便省工,是栽植大侧柏最佳季节。     

山杏容器苗造林试验初报

采用田间试验方法,对葫芦岛地区山杏容器苗造林技术进行了系统试验与分析。试验结果表明,山杏容器苗造林成活率分别比裸根苗和直播造林提高14.7和33.4个百分点;山杏容器苗造林可在春、雨、秋三季进行,最佳造林时间分别为4月初6、月末、11月初;宜使用大、中型规格的容器杯培育苗木。     

木荷营养泥团苗造林试验

以木荷半年生、1年生大田实生裸根苗为试验对象,采用营养泥团苗秋植、裸根苗春植、裸根苗秋植3种不同定植方式进行造林比较试验.结果表明:营养泥团苗秋植、裸根苗春植成活率极显著高于裸根苗秋植;平均树高、胸径和单位面积生物量大小顺序为营养泥团苗秋植＞裸根苗春植＞裸根苗秋植,营养泥团苗秋植平均树高、胸径和单位面积生物量极显著高于裸根苗春植、秋植.营养泥团苗秋植造林的成本虽略有增加,经灰色局势决策理论多目标综合评价,营养泥团苗造林是较佳的定植方式之一.     

丛生竹类假植延时栽培技术试验

竹苗栽植通常在春季进行,但若遇春季干旱则会影响栽植成活率。本文试验研究了竹苗假植延时栽培技术,即将竹苗在春季萌芽前先行假植,待夏季雨季来临时,再进行定植,这样可避开春季干旱。试验结果显示,将竹苗进行假植延时栽培,造林成活率可达95%以上,竹苗的适宜栽培时间可延长约4个月,从而有效规避干旱季节,节约管护成本,提高造林成活率。该技术在造林和园林绿化中有较大的应用价值。     

渭北地区抗旱造林技术试验初报

在渭北黄土高原区,选择刺槐、花椒、侧柏等造林苗木,在不同的立地条件下,采用不同的栽植方法进行造林试验。结果表明,夏季带叶栽植或秋季截干栽植,能显著地提高苗木成活率。     

Field performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings planted in disc trenched or mounded sites over an extended planting season

Economic pressures have driven an ever-widening period during which foresters use machines to plant Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. In Fennoscandia, this period has recently stretched to the entire growing season. To evaluate the performance of seedlings planted during this extended period, three experiments were carried out in Central and Northern Finland over 2 years. One-year-old and current-year seedlings were planted in mounds or disc-trenched furrows when soil temperatures were >0°C. When 1-year-old seedlings grown for spring planting and overwintered outdoors were planted after mid-June, more needles browned and growth was reduced, possibly because seedlings were oversized with respect to planting density and the volume of growth media. When current-year seedlings sown in spring were planted from July to November, those planted in late September and October grew less in later years than those planted earlier, but survival was unaffected. No large differences in field performance were found with respect to whether seedlings were planted in mounds or disc-trenched furrows. In conclusion, Scots pine seedlings can be machine planted in mounds or furrows during May and early June (later in the North) and then continued from early August until late September, provided climatic conditions in late spring and early autumn are typical and similar to those experienced in Central Finland.