木质素对H3PO4法活性炭孔隙结构的影响

以杨木、落叶松木、麻秆屑为原料,采用乙酸-亚氯酸钠法对原料进行脱木质素处理,研究木质素对H3PO4法活性炭孔隙结构的影响.通过物理吸附仪测定活性炭的比表面积和孔结构,利用碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附分析其吸附性能;采用TG/DTG分析原料去除木质素前后热解过程.结果表明,除去木质素后活性炭的比表面积、总孔容、外表面积变小;微孔孔...     

CMC粘接法制备柱状成型活性炭

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为粘接剂制备了柱状成型活性炭,研究了炭化温度、CMC添加量对产物吸附性能、孔结构及强度的影响。结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,柱状成型活性炭的比表面积、亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值均呈现下降趋势;随着CMC添加量的增加,柱状成型活性炭的比表面积、总孔容、微孔容、平均孔径及亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值及对甲苯的吸附能力均逐渐降低,其强度逐渐增大。CMC粘接法制备柱状成型活性炭的最佳工艺为炭化温度200℃,CMC添加量10%,产物比表面积可达844.9 m2/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为189.2及968.2 mg/g,强度可达99.83%,甲苯的吸附率达65.5%。     

磷酸活化法活性炭性质对亚甲基蓝吸附能力的影响

在空气、氮气和水蒸气3种气氛下,以杉木为原料分别制备了4种磷酸活化法活性炭。考察了活性炭的表面官能团和孔隙结构对亚甲基蓝吸附能力的影响。根据氮气吸附等温线分析了活性炭的孔隙结构,采用Boehm酸碱滴定方法测定了活性炭的表面官能团含量,并测定了活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附等温线。结果表明:活性炭的孔隙越发达,其亚甲基蓝吸附能力越强。提高活性炭的表面官能团含量,一方面有利于亚甲基蓝分子以更紧密的排列方式被活性炭所吸附,促进吸附;另一方面,对活性炭中吸附亚甲基蓝分子有效的孔隙可能产生屏蔽作用,不利于吸附。当活性炭的表面官能团含量提高时,对于中孔发达的活性炭,前者占优势,亚甲基蓝吸附量增加;而对于微孔活性炭,后者则占优势,亚甲基蓝吸附量减少。     

磷酸活化法制备纤维素基颗粒活性炭

以微晶纤维素为原料,在不添加黏结剂的条件下,采用磷酸活化法制备纤维素基颗粒活性炭。分析了捏合过程和炭活化工艺对活性炭耐磨强度、吸附性能和孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明,炭活化温度的升高及保温时间的延长有利于颗粒活性炭强度的提高;随着浸渍比值的升高,颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积、微孔容积和中孔容积均呈不断上升的趋势;浸渍比值较小,较细微孔结构发达,浸渍比值较大,较大微孔结构发达。在较佳的工艺条件下:捏合温度150℃,浸渍比值1.25,捏合时间55 min,炭活化温度450℃和保温时间1.0 h,制得颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、强度、比表面积、总孔容积、微孔容积、中孔容积和平均孔径分别为896.6 mg/g、131.3 mg/g、94.69%、1 377.3 m2/g、1.083 cm3/g、0.514 cm3/g、0.569 cm3/g和3.14 nm。     

氨水改性活性炭及其性能的研究

采用氨水对活性炭进行改性,探讨氨水浓度、改性温度和处理时间对活性炭的吸附值、比表面积和表面化学结构的影响.结果表明,氨水改性对活性炭的孔结构产生破坏,不利于孔隙结构的发达,但氨水改性在活性炭表面引入了碱性基团,有利于苯酚吸附值的提高.随着氨水浓度的提高,活性炭的碘吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积和微孔容积不断下降,亚甲基蓝吸附值呈先降后升的趋势,碱性基团的含量和苯酚吸附值不断提高.     

油茶果壳基活性炭的制备及其中孔结构调控研究

研究了油茶果壳经水蒸气活化后,浸渍磷酸再活化对活性炭中孔结构调控的影响,制备出中孔丰富的活性炭。实验结果显示:820℃下制备的水蒸气法油茶果壳活性炭以微孔为主,BET比表面积1 076 m2/g,总孔容积0.81 cm3/g,微孔率63%,中孔率33%,亚甲基蓝吸附值180 mg/g,碘吸附值1 012 mg/g;水蒸气法油茶果壳活性炭经800℃下磷酸再活化后,可明显增加BET比表面积(1 608 m2/g)和总孔容积(1.17 cm3/g),尤其对中孔率(61%)的发展更有效,同时保留一定比例的微孔(37%),显示出更高的亚甲基蓝吸附值(330 mg/g)和碘吸附值(1 326 mg/g)。     

竹节制备提金活性炭及其表征

以竹节为原料,采用水蒸气活化法制备提金活性炭,研究温度、保温时间、水蒸气流量等因素对活性炭性能的影响,并对其孔隙结构进行表征.结果表明:随着温度和保温时间的增大,活性炭的吸附性能总体呈上升趋势;随着水蒸气流量的增加,活性炭的吸附性能呈先升后降的趋势;N_2吸附等温线的分析表明,竹节活性炭具有发达的微孔、中孔、大孔结构.在较佳的试验条件下,活性炭的强度、亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积和微孔容积分别为97.5%,262 mg·g~(-1),1 072.7 mg·g~(-1),1 334.2 m~2·g~(-1),0.671 mL·g~(-1)和0.574 mL·g~(-1).     

高性能竹炭水蒸汽活化制备烟用竹活性炭工艺研究

采用正交试验设计,研究活化温度、活化时间和水蒸气用量对活性炭吸附性能、活化得率和固定碳含量的影响.并分析活性炭的孔结构特征,结果表明竹活性炭的低温氮气吸脱曲线属于典型的微孔结构活性炭的吸附曲线,其BET和微孔比表面积、总孔和微孔容积的数值是原料竹炭的2倍左右,但活化时间的延长对活性炭的微孔结构参数影响较小,不影响低分子有害物质的去除.得到最佳活化工艺条件为:活化时间1.5h、活化温度900℃、水蒸汽用量430～480 g·h-1.制得竹活性炭具有较高的碘、亚甲基蓝和苯酚吸附值,优异的孔结构,活化得率可达45％,强度93.76％.最佳工艺制备的竹活性炭达到烟用活性炭国家烟草行业标准,基本达到净化空气用煤质颗粒活性炭国家标准,高性能竹炭制备烟用竹活性炭是可行的.     

热解活化法制备微孔发达椰壳活性炭及其吸附性能研究

以椰壳为原料,采用热解活化法制备微孔发达活性炭。研究了活化温度、活化时间对活性炭孔结构和吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明:活化温度为900℃,活化时间为4 h,可制得比表面积为994.42 m2/g的微孔发达活性炭,其碘吸附值为1 295 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为135 mg/g。N2吸附结果表明活性炭的平均孔径在2 nm左右,总孔容积为0.503 9 cm3/g,其中微孔容积为0.430 3 cm3/g,微孔率达85.39%。对该活性炭进行CO2动态吸附实验,CO2饱和吸附容量为56.61 mg/g,在热解活化法制备椰壳过程中,随着活化温度的升高和活化时间的延长,活性炭的得率有不同程度的降低。     

Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbon with Developed Micropore from Coconut Shell by Pyrolysis Activation

以椰壳为原料,采用热解活化法制备微孔发达活性炭.研究了活化温度、活化时间对活性炭孔结构和吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明:活化温度为900℃,活化时间为4h,可制得比表面积为994.42 m2/g的微孔发达活性炭,其碘吸附值为1 295 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为135 mg/g.N2吸附结果表明活性炭的平均孔径在2nm左右,总孔容积为0.503 9 cm3/g,其中微孔容积为0.430 3 cm3/g,微孔率达85.39％.对该活性炭进行CO2动态吸附实验,CO2饱和吸附容量为56.61 mg/g,在热解活化法制备椰壳过程中,随着活化温度的升高和活化时间的延长,活性炭的得率有不同程度的降低.     

Activated carbon sheet prepared from softwood acetic acid lignin

As an example of activated carbon (AC) moldings, AC sheets were prepared from thermoplastic acetic acid lignin by lamination. The resulting AC sheets are a new type of product that can be applied as water and air cleaners. Powdered softwood acetic acid lignin (SAL) was molded into sheets by a thermal pressing method. When the sheet was carbonized under a stream of nitrogen at 1000°C, it was deformed with expansion and contained much foam. The deformation during carbonization was suppressed by the addition of pulp to the lignin. A sheet prepared by mixing lignin with pulp was directly carbonized without thermostabilization. The carbonized sheet was activated with steam for 2h. The resulting AC sheet had adsorption properties, such as specific surface and iodine adsorption capacity, comparable to those of commercial AC powders or granules. Furthermore, the AC sheet had a larger capacity to adsorb methane than did the commercial AC powder. Therefore, SAL seems to be a promising source for the AC moldings.     

KOH活化法制备棉花秸秆活性炭的研究

以棉花秸秆为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭样品,探讨了炭化、活化及后处理过程中各实验条件对活性炭样品性能的影响。综合考虑活性炭样品的性能及得率,得出较优的实验条件为:炭化温度450～500℃、碱炭比值1.0、活化温度800℃、活化时间120 min;在较优条件下制得活性炭的比表面积2 312 m2/g,碘吸附值1 936 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值392 mg/g;孔径分布以微孔为主;表面含有羟基(—OH)、活泼氢(—H)等基团。     

Preparation of activated carbon fibers with large specific surface area from softwood acetic acid lignin

Softwood acetic acid lignin (SAL) free from a high-molecular-mass fraction could be spun at 220°C by a spinning machine equipped with an extruder. Although the resulting fibers required thermostabilization, this step could be conducted with a faster heating rate than that for fibers obtained from hardwood acetic acid lignin (HAL). The thermostabilized SAL fibers were converted to activated carbon fibers (ACF) by carbonization in a stream of nitrogen at 1000°C, followed by steam activation at 900°C. At an activation time of 40 min, the SAL-ACF had a larger specific surface area than the corresponding HAL-ACF. When the activation time for SAL carbon fibers was prolonged to 80 min, the adsorption capacities of resulting ACF against iodine and methylene blue were markedly increased, as was the surface area of the ACF. It was found that SAL-ACF had adsorption properties comparable to those of high-performance commercial ACF. Also, it had a tensile strength equal to that of a pitch-derived ACF.Part of this work was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

硝酸改性对活性炭吸附性能的影响

采用硝酸对活性炭进行改性,探讨硝酸浓度、改性温度和时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,硝酸改性过程中活性炭的孔隙结构被破坏的同时也不断生成新的孔隙,随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长,改性活性炭的吸附性能总体呈先升后降的趋势。在本实验条件下硝酸改性活性炭的较佳工艺为:温度20℃,硝酸质量分数20%,处理时间16 h;制得的改性活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值、碘吸附值、苯酚吸附值和吸苯率分别为165 mg.g-1、762 mg.g-1、187.2 mg.g-1和42.6%。     

木质素基多孔炭材料的制备及应用研究进展

木质素是无定型态的高度交联的多酚芳香族聚合物,来源广泛,碳含量丰富,适合用于多孔炭材料的制备.将木质素用于制备多孔炭是实现资源化利用,解决木质素难以大量高效利用而造成环境污染问题的重要途径.本文主要介绍了近些年来,以木质素为炭前驱体,通过物理、化学活化法制备出的以微孔为主的活性炭及采用模板法制备出的介孔炭材料工艺研究情...     

高吸附性能木质活性炭的研究——Ⅱ.高吸附性能木素活性炭结构研究

本文用吸附等温线、孔径分布、x-ray衍射及TEM法对高吸附性能木素活性炭(比表面积分别为S_L=3831m~2/g;S_L=4004m~2/g)进行了研究。结果表明,此活性炭的孔结构均匀性好,是一种不含石墨微晶的“笼形”准分子筛结构,其碳原子为SP~2杂化。     

氢氧化钠活化杉木屑制备活性炭的研究

采用杉木屑为原料,氢氧化钠为活化剂制备木质活性炭产品,探讨活化时间、活化温度、氢氧化钠浓度等工艺参数对木质活性炭的得率和吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随活化温度、氢氧化钠浓度和活化时间的增大,木质活性炭的得率呈不断下降的趋势,木质活性炭的吸附性能呈先上升后下降的趋势。较优的工艺条件为:活化温度850℃、活化时间1.0 h、氢氧化钠质量分数为2.5%,木质活性炭的碘吸附值为693.1 mg·g^-1、亚甲基蓝吸附值为75 mg·g^-1。     

Preparation of activated carbon moldings from the mixture of waste newspaper and isolated lignins: mechanical strength of thin sheet and adsorption property

To expand the utilization of waste newspapers and lignin, activated carbon (AC) sheets, as an example of AC moldings, were prepared from those mixtures. The isolated lignins used were softwood and hardwood acetic acid lignins (SAL and HAL), softwood kraft lignin (KL), and wheat-straw lignin (WSL). The mixtures were molded into precursory sheets by thermal compression and then converted to AC sheets by carbonization and steam activation. The flexural strength of the precursory sheets was dramatically improved by additing the lignins compared to that of sheets without lignin. The strength of several sheets was more than 25 MPa. This suggested that lignins act as adhesives. SAL and HAL sheets with 40% newspaper were strengthened by the carbonization, whereas the strength of other lignin sheets was depressed. Finally, the AL-based AC sheets showed higher flexural strength (>6MPa) than others. Most of the AC sheets had adsorption ability comparable to that of commercially available AC powder and granules. The capacities were almost independent of paper content. Among the AC moldings tested, the AL-based AC sheets showed the fastest adsorption top-chlorophenol. Thus, viable AC moldings can be prepared from lignin-wastepaper mixtures, particularly SAL and HAL.     

吸附性质的影响

研究了臭氧化处理对活性炭表面官能团结构、孔径结构和Cr6 吸附的影响,以Boemh滴定法和傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)分析了活性炭的表面官能团结构,以低温液氮吸附法分析了活性炭的比表面积和孔径结构变化。结果表明,适宜的臭氧化处理时间可有效提高活性炭的Cr6 吸附容量;臭氧化处理改变了活性炭的表面官能团结构和孔径结构;碱性位氧化为酸性位,活性炭表面含氧酸性官能团数量和表面酸度的增加是活性炭Cr6 吸附容量增加的主要原因。