沙地樟子松人工林土壤养分和酶活性变化研究

樟子松是我国"三北"地区主要的固沙造林树种,研究其如何影响着风沙土肥力变化过程具有现实意义。本文选择8-56年林龄的樟子松固沙林,采用常规方法测定了不同林龄下土壤养分含量和酶活性,以分析樟子松人工林对风沙土养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照样地相比,不同林龄樟子松的固沙林0-10cm土层有机质含量平均增加95.82%,全氮0.09%、全磷260.00%、全钾2.30%、速效氮12.15%、速效磷219.23%、速效钾140.97%;10-20cm土层有机质含量平均增加84.35%,全氮380.00%、全磷314.29%、全钾13.60%、速效磷21.43%、速效钾71.43%,速效氮则降低52.81%;随着固沙林年龄的增加,0-10cm土层有机质含量呈现增加趋势,其它养分含量均表现出一定的波动特征。与对照样地相比,樟子松固沙林0-10cm土层脱氢酶活性平均提高81.4%,过氧化物酶提高455.7%,多酚氧化酶提高120.6%,磷酸酶提高828.6%;10-20cm土层脱氢酶活性平均提高11.6%,过氧化物酶提高349.6%,多酚氧化酶提高309.5%,磷酸酶提高514.3%。樟子松固沙林对不同土层养分含量和土壤酶活性具有显著影响,且随着林龄增加养分含量和酶活性呈现出"∧"字型变化特征,且土壤氮含量和蛋白酶活性低。     

油茶成林林地土壤养分含量变化规律

为给油茶林地施肥管理提供科学依据,通过对油茶成林土壤养分进行测定分析,得出在不同土层林地土壤养分含量随林龄增长的变化规律。在林地0~20 cm土层中,有机质、水解氮、全氮、全钾含量呈递增趋势,速效磷、速效钾含量相反,全磷含量变化不大;在林地20~40 cm土层中,有机质、水解氮、全钾、速效磷含量呈递增趋势,全氮含量相反,全磷、速效钾含量变化不大;在林地0~40 cm土层中,有机质、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量呈递减趋势,全氮、全磷、全钾含量相反。     

油茶-花生间作土壤酶活性与养分的关系

本研究比较了丘陵地区油茶单作、花生单作及油茶-花生间作三种种植模式下五种土壤酶(蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶)活性的差异,并采用相关分析、通径分析对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的相关性进行了研究,旨在探讨油茶种植模式对土壤酶活性的影响,以期为油茶生产中培肥和改良土壤提供参考。结果表明,不同种植模式对土壤酶活性影响明显。与油茶单作相比,油茶-花生间作显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶及过氧化氢酶的活性,以及10~20 cm土层蔗糖酶活性;与花生单作相比,油茶-花生间作显著提高了0~10 cm土层土壤蛋白酶活性。相关性分析表明土壤酶活性与土壤养分的相关性较高,特别是脲酶和酸性磷酸酶。通径分析结果表明,土壤速效磷和速效钾对蔗糖酶产生显著的直接影响,有机质和速效磷是影响蛋白酶的主导因子,土壤全氮是影响脲酶的重要因素,土壤全氮和速效磷是直接影响酸性磷酸酶的重要因子。综合看来,与油茶单作相比,油茶-花生间作模式可以改善土壤质量,提高土壤酶活性,对提高土壤肥力有着重要意义。     

八角林地土壤酶活性和养分的分布特点及其相关分析

研究了广西高峰林场和大明山自然保护区八角林地土壤酶活性(包括过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶)和养分的分布特点及土壤酶活性与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:(1)土壤养分含量和酶活性以表层土壤的最大,随土壤深度的增加逐渐下降;(2)坡位不同,土壤养分含量和主要酶活性也不同,呈现下坡>上坡的趋势;(3)土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾密切相关,不同的土壤酶活性之间存在极显著的相关性。因此,土壤酶活性可作为八角林地土壤肥力的指标之一。     

高山栎天然林土壤有机质及酶活性的通径分析

为探究高山栎天然林土壤生物学特性对土壤养分的影响,运用通径分析法,研究了云南省玉溪市磨盘山国家森林公园内的高山栎天然林土壤养分与土壤酶活性、微生物数量之间的关系。结果表明,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶活性及细菌、放线菌、真菌、微生物总数量都是随着土层深度增加逐渐减小;影响土壤p H值的重要因素是脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶活性与真菌数量;影响有机质、全氮、速效磷的重要因素是脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶;影响土壤碱解氮的主要因子是脲酶、过氧化氢酶、真菌数量。总的来说,高山栎天然林土壤养分受土壤酶活性影响较大,受微生物数量影响较小。     

樟子松固沙林土壤肥力动态变化特征

樟子松是我国"三北"地区主要的固沙造林树种,探讨其生长过程中对风沙土肥力变化的影响具有现实意义。本文选取8年、15年、30年、36年、42年、49年和56年林龄的樟子松固沙林样地,采用常规分析方法测定了不同林龄下土壤养分含量和酶活性变化。结果表明:随林龄的增长,土壤全钾、全磷、全氮、有机质、速效钾、速效磷、速效氮含量均逐渐提高,并在42年后缓慢下降;土壤脱氢酶、过氧化物酶和磷酸酶活性同样随林龄的增长而增加。土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性变化的总体特征为42年36年30年56年8年49年15年。此外,随着土层深度的增加,樟子松固沙林土壤养分含量以及酶活性均下降。0～2 cm土层全磷、全氮、有机质、速效钾、速效磷、速效氮含量以及脱氢酶和磷酸酶活性均最高,分别为0.30 g·kg~(-1)、1.10 g·kg~(-1)、36.50 g·kg~(-1)、165.00 mg·kg~(-1)、0.80 mg·kg~(-1)、85.00 mg·kg~(-1)、7.04μg·h~(-1)·g~(-1)和0.59 mg·2 h~(-1)·100 g~(-1)。不同林龄以及不同土层的樟子松固沙林土壤养分以及酶活性差异明显,浅层土壤肥力更高,造林42年对沙区土壤的改良效果最佳。     

不同利用方式对纳帕海湿地土壤质量的影响

不同利用方式对纳帕海湿地土壤质量影响的研究,结果表明:与原生沼泽相比,浅水沼泽草甸,排干用于放牧的草甸和垦后湿地的土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,此两种土壤的速效养分和有机质、全氮一样变化在不同利用方式的湿地中,均随人为活动干扰的加剧而不断下降。在不同利用方式湿地的土壤酶活性中,蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与其土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性。综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与原生沼泽相比,不同利用方式下的湿地均出现退化。     

复合经营模式对土壤酶活性的影响

采样分析不同耕作模式的土壤酶活性和肥力因子,结果表明:所有模式的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶的季节变化趋势一致,复合经营模式的土壤肥力和酶活性高于单种作物土壤。将土壤酶活性和土壤肥力因子进行相关分析,结果表明:蔗糖酶活性与有机质(r=0.558 7)含量极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶活性与全钾(r=0.524 7)和水解性氮(r=0.442 5)含量极显著正相关;多酚氧化酶活性与有机质(r=-0.577 9)、全氮(r=-0.619 7)和全磷(r=-0.638 5)含量均极显著负相关;脲酶活性与有机质(r=0.908 5)、速效钾(r=0.900 6)、全氮(r=0.843 5)、水解性氮(r=0.796 5)、速效磷(r=0.763 0)和全钾(r=0.676 4)含量均达到极显著正相关水平。     

南滚河自然保护区森林土壤酶活性对海拔升高的响应

【目的】研究土壤酶活性对环境因子沿海拔梯度变化的响应,为理解南滚河国家级自然保护区不同海拔水热条件-植被-土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性之间的相互作用过程和机制提供数据支撑。【方法】选取南滚河国家级自然保护区3种不同海拔梯度典型植被带(沟谷雨林、半常绿季雨林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林),研究不同海拔不同土层森林土壤酶活性的变化特征,采用冗余分析和蒙特卡洛检验,分析环境因子沿海拔梯度变化对土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】年均降水量和Simpson指数随海拔升高呈增加趋势,而植物群落多样性(Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数)、年均气温和土壤温度随海拔升高呈下降趋势;土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及含水量随海拔升高呈上升趋势,土壤密度和p H随海拔升高呈降低趋势,土壤C/N随海拔升高呈先增后降趋势;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性随海拔升高呈增加趋势,土壤多酚氧化酶活性随海拔升高呈下降趋势;随土层深度增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性逐渐降低,过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增加;样地微气候、植被和土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度变化对土壤酶活性具有重要影响,年均气温、年均降水量、土壤温度、植物多样性指数和土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性不同程度地相关,单一环境因子对土壤酶活性影响的重要性排序为全磷含量含水量pH有机碳含量年均气温土壤温度水解性氮含量年均降水量全氮含量全钾含量 Margalef丰富度指数土壤密度速效钾含量有效磷含量Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Pielou均匀度指数C/NSimpson指数。【结论】水热条件(年均气温、年均降水量、土壤温度和含水量)、植物多样性和土壤化学性质(p H、有机碳、水解性氮、全氮、全钾和全磷)存在明显的梯度变化,可调控不同海拔梯度内的土壤酶活性,其中土壤磷、水分、p H、碳、氮和钾是调控土壤酶活性海拔响应的关键因素。     

不同林龄文冠果人工林对沙荒地土壤养分的影响

以张掖市文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)省级林木良种基地内文冠果人工林为研究对象,对试验区内不同树龄文冠果林地的土壤pH值、水溶性盐总量、土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾等含量指标分层进行测定,分析其变化特征,探讨不同林龄文冠果对沙荒地土壤养分的影响研究。结果表明:随着文冠果林龄的增长,林地内不同土层深度的pH值、水溶性盐总量存在显著性影响,总体呈现下降趋势;在沙荒地种植文冠果后,随种植年限的增加,土壤各层的有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾等主要养分含量均有显著增加,对改良沙荒地土壤养分效果明显。     

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较陈ｆ竣（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）李传涵（华中农业大学土化系武汉４３００７０）关键词杉木,根际土壤,土壤酶,杉木中毒由于林木生长的影响,使得林木根际土壤ｐＨ值、养分含量、微生物数目、生化活性等性质发生...     

郑州市公园绿地表层土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质的关系

以郑州市6个公园绿地为研究对象,采集0～20 cm土层的108份土壤样品,测定其理化性质和土壤酶活性,并对其土壤酶活性及其与土壤理化性质进行相关性分析。结果表明,碧沙岗公园尿酶活性及磷酸酶活性最强,滨河公园过氧化氢酶活性最强,郑州绿博园多酚氧化酶活性最强;尿酶与速效钾呈正相关关系,与过氧化物酶呈负相关关系;过氧化氢酶与非毛管孔隙度、磷酸酶呈正相关关系,与速效磷、多酚氧化酶呈负相关关系;磷酸酶及蔗糖酶与土壤容重呈负相关关系,与非毛管孔隙度呈正相关关系;磷酸酶、蔗糖酶与水解性氮、阳离子交换量、有机质含量呈正相关关系;蔗糖酶与非毛管孔隙度呈正相关关系;多酚氧化酶与理化性质不相关。根据研究结果判断,土壤酶活性可以作为土壤肥力评价指标。     

Integrated evaluation of soil fertility in Ginkgo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ginkgo biloba</Emphasis> L.) agroforestry systems in Jiangsu,China

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a traditional economic tree species in China, and often cultivated in agroforestry systems. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of different Ginkgo and crop species combinations on soil fertility. We established two Ginkgo and crop species systems: Ginkgo + wheat + soybean (G+W+S), Ginkgo + rape + soybean (G+R+S), and one Ginkgo + mulberry (G+M) system, one pure mulberry plantation (M), and one crop systems of rape + soybean (R+S) in the field. Soil chemical properties and enzymes activities were measured 4 years after planting. These soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were used as soil fertility indicators (FI). Soil fertility of the five planting systems was finally evaluated by using improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result showed that soil chemical properties (including pH, organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K, total K) and soil enzyme activities (including catalase, sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and protease) in the five planting systems were significantly different from each other (P = 0.0237). The above parameters were also different at different soil depths. The concentration of total N, P, organic matter, available P and K of soil decreased significantly with soil depth (P = 0.0146), however, pH increased. The concentrations of organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K of soil under rape + soybean (R+S) was lowest among the five planting systems. The activities of sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease decreased with soil depth, however, the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased. Except for catalase, the activities of these enzymes in the R+S system were the lowest among the five planting systems. The integrated evaluation of soil fertility showed that soil fertility indicators (FI) were significantly different, and the FI values for the five systems followed order: G+M (0.847) > G+W+S (0.446) > M (0.399) > G+R+S (0.343) > R+S (0.211). These results indicated that adoption of a Ginkgo-crop combination could lead to increased long-term sustainability of soil fertility by improving levels of soil organic matter, pH, available nutrient and soil enzyme activity.     

不同海拔毛竹土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质关系的研究

以江西省大岗山地区的毛竹林为研究对象,利用相关分析和主成分分析对不同海拔(300、400、500、600、700m)土壤纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、β-葡糖苷酶和多酚氧化酶活性的变化特征进行了分析,探讨了其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:土壤化学指标表现出随海拔的升高而增加的变化特征,除碱解氮外,其他各指标均处于较低水平,但物理指标的变化各不相同;随海拔升高,β-葡糖苷酶与多酚氧化酶活性呈现出增加的趋势,而纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性无明显变化规律;几种土壤酶对土壤肥力的指示效果不同,β-葡糖苷酶在评价毛竹林土壤肥力上具有重要指示效果,其后依次为蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶,但淀粉酶不适宜用来评价土壤肥力状况;通过主成分分析计算综合得分,不同海拔毛竹土壤肥力随海拔的升高而增加。     

Seasonal response of soil enzyme activity to thinning intensity of aerial seeded Pinus tabulaeformis stands

Aerial seeding is one of the most important vegetation restoration patterns in remote hilly areas, and studies concerning soil quality and its management have practical value. In 2000, a study of the effect of thinning intensities at five different treatments levels, 0 (CK), 30% (slight thinning), 48.75% (medium thinning), 53.75% (intense thinning) and 65.6% (super intense thinning) on soil enzyme activity was carried out on 9-year-old aerial seeded Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) stands with an initial density of 8000 trees/hm², in the Wang-jiapu Aerail Seeding Center, Yanqing County, Beijing. Five years later, the activities of five kinds of soil enzymes, soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, inertase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the first 20 cm of soil layer were compared during four seasons. Relationships among soil enzymes and soil physiochemical properties were also analyzed to examine the possibility of using soil enzymes to evaluate thinning intensities. The results showed that the maximum enzyme activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase occurred in June, those of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase occurred in October, and soil invetase had its maximum in April. In addition, the five soil enzymes were affected differently by thinning intensities. Soil catalase, urease and invertase showed the highest response to a slight thinning, followed by medium thinning, which is the opposite experienced with polyphenol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase. There are statistically significant and positive relationships between soil enzymes and organic matter and available K. It should be noted that soil water was a limiting factor to soil enzyme activity. Compared with soil physicochemical characteristics, soil enzymes were more sensitive to levels of thinning intensities. Among the enzymes, soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase could be regarded as indicators to assess soil quality. It is concluded that a suitable thinning intensity benefits the development of undergrowth and soil enzymes. Generally, when the stand with initial density of 8000 trees/hm² grows up to nine years old, the most suitable thinning intensity should be about 50%. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(2): 82–88 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

广西英罗港不同红树植物群落土壤理化性质与酶活性的研究

本文对广西英罗港自然保护区不同红树植物群落土壤主要性质进行了较系统的研究。结果表明 ,英罗港不同红树植物群落土壤理化性质和酶活性均存在明显差异 ,土壤粘粒粉粒含量和有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、速效磷及盐分含量为 :木榄群落 >红海榄群落 >秋茄群落 >桐花树群落 >白骨群落 ;土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶 4种水解酶和过氧化氢酶的活性大小顺序为红海榄群落 >木榄群落 >秋茄群落 >桐花树群落 >白骨壤群落 ,多酚氧化酶则与此相反 ;土壤养分含量和土壤水解酶以及多酚氧化酶活性均随剖面深度而降低 ,过氧化氢酶则呈相反趋势。英罗港红树植物群落土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因素密切相关 ,各土壤酶活性之间也存在不同程度的相关性。因此 ,土壤酶活性可以作为该土壤肥力的指标之一。     

江汉平原杨树林下土壤酶及微生物的年动态变化

在江汉平原选择有代表性的5~6龄的杨树林林地11块,并以林外土壤为参照,研究林下土壤酶(蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶)活性和3大类微生物(真菌、细菌、放线菌)数量的年度动态变化。结果表明,林内与林外土壤酶及微生物的时间变化格局基本一致,林内土壤不同微生物数量和酶活性的变化反映了杨树凋落物数量变化的年节律性;在3个不同月份中,林下土壤大多数肥力特征指标均高于林外;从一年的观察数据来看,栽培杨树可在一定程度上提高林地土壤肥力,不会导致林下土壤肥力的恶化;在微碱性土壤上杨树对土壤肥力的正面作用比酸性土壤更好。     

Canonical correlation analysis of soil nutrients, microorganisms and enzyme activities in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in northwestern Hunan Province, China

With the aid of canonical correlation analysis, the relations among soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, and soil enzyme activities were studied in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in the Nverzhai watershed in northwestern Hunan. The main results were as follows: the key factors in soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities were N and P elements, number of bacteria, carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass and the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, phosphatase, and invertase. The activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase are related to the inversion of N and P elements that had important impact on the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass. Moreover, the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, and phosphatase could promote carbon accumulation in microbial biomass; however, invertase activities inhibited the accumulation of microbial biomass nitrogen. On the other hand, urease activities were beneficial to the N element content in soils but unfavorable for P elements. There is a negative relation between polyphenol oxidase activity and N element content. For every canonical variable group, the tendencies of soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities to accumulate in different soil layers in different vegetation restoration communities could offer some scientific basis for the diagnosis of the health of the soil and the site type division in the process of vegetation restoration.